Table 28-2. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary work activity: 2010 |
Characteristic | All employed | R&D | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
Any R&D | Applied research |
Basic research |
Design |
Development |
Computer applications |
Management, sales, or administrationa | Professional services |
Teaching |
Other work activityb | ||||||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
Doctorate recipient | 692,900 | 1,750 | 284,500 | 2,150 | 132,600 | 1,750 | 86,700 | 1,550 | 17,700 | 750 | 47,500 | 1,250 | 27,300 | 850 | 128,600 | 1,800 | 87,700 | 1,600 | 136,300 | 1,700 | 28,600 | 750 |
Sex Male |
472,700 | 1,400 | 207,300 | 1,700 | 92,500 | 1,450 | 61,100 | 1,350 | 15,500 | 700 | 38,200 | 1,150 | 23,800 | 850 | 89,500 | 1,550 | 48,200 | 1,100 | 85,900 | 1,550 | 18,000 | 650 |
Female | 220,200 | 1,050 | 77,100 | 1,150 | 40,100 | 950 | 25,600 | 750 | 2,200 | 250 | 9,200 | 500 | 3,500 | 300 | 39,000 | 900 | 39,500 | 900 | 50,400 | 850 | 10,700 | 500 |
Ethnicity and race Hispanic or Latinoc |
23,500 | 350 | 9,400 | 350 | 4,600 | 250 | 3,200 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 1,100 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 4,200 | 300 | 3,000 | 250 | 5,500 | 250 | 900 | 150 |
Not Hispanic or Latinod American Indian or Alaska Native |
1,500 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 200 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Asian | 134,600 | 900 | 75,000 | 1,000 | 30,300 | 850 | 20,800 | 650 | 6,100 | 500 | 17,800 | 700 | 10,700 | 500 | 21,400 | 800 | 8,900 | 550 | 13,600 | 600 | 4,900 | 350 |
Black or African American | 22,300 | 350 | 6,600 | 300 | 3,700 | 250 | 1,700 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 900 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 4,500 | 300 | 3,400 | 300 | 6,400 | 350 | 1,100 | 200 |
White | 502,300 | 1,700 | 189,600 | 1,900 | 92,100 | 1,450 | 59,600 | 1,300 | 10,700 | 600 | 27,200 | 950 | 15,400 | 650 | 96,400 | 1,450 | 71,000 | 1,450 | 108,600 | 1,650 | 21,400 | 650 |
Other racee | 8,800 | 300 | 3,300 | 300 | 1,600 | 200 | 1,200 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 1,900 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Age Under 35 |
76,400 | 950 | 47,500 | 850 | 19,900 | 650 | 18,000 | 600 | 2,400 | 250 | 7,100 | 400 | 3,900 | 300 | 6,500 | 450 | 5,800 | 400 | 10,000 | 450 | 2,800 | 300 |
35-39 | 88,900 | 1,300 | 46,800 | 950 | 21,500 | 650 | 15,700 | 650 | 2,300 | 250 | 7,200 | 450 | 3,600 | 300 | 11,500 | 500 | 8,900 | 500 | 15,200 | 600 | 2,900 | 250 |
40-44 | 91,900 | 1,300 | 40,400 | 1,050 | 17,900 | 600 | 12,600 | 600 | 2,500 | 250 | 7,300 | 500 | 4,500 | 350 | 17,700 | 700 | 9,100 | 600 | 16,900 | 700 | 3,300 | 300 |
45-49 | 92,900 | 1,250 | 37,200 | 900 | 17,400 | 700 | 10,300 | 600 | 2,200 | 300 | 7,300 | 500 | 4,600 | 400 | 20,200 | 750 | 10,200 | 600 | 17,100 | 700 | 3,600 | 350 |
50-54 | 95,500 | 1,300 | 36,400 | 1,000 | 17,700 | 700 | 9,800 | 650 | 2,400 | 300 | 6,400 | 550 | 4,000 | 350 | 20,800 | 800 | 11,400 | 500 | 19,100 | 800 | 3,900 | 350 |
55-59 | 92,200 | 1,650 | 30,300 | 900 | 15,600 | 700 | 8,000 | 550 | 1,900 | 250 | 4,800 | 350 | 2,500 | 300 | 20,400 | 800 | 15,700 | 700 | 19,500 | 750 | 3,700 | 350 |
60-64 | 80,800 | 1,450 | 23,900 | 1,000 | 11,600 | 600 | 6,300 | 500 | 2,200 | 300 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 | 17,900 | 650 | 13,400 | 600 | 19,500 | 750 | 4,000 | 400 |
65-75 | 74,200 | 1,150 | 22,100 | 800 | 10,900 | 550 | 5,800 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 3,600 | 400 | 2,100 | 300 | 13,500 | 600 | 13,100 | 600 | 19,000 | 600 | 4,500 | 350 |
Years since doctorate ≤ 5 |
136,400 | 650 | 77,000 | 950 | 33,900 | 850 | 27,800 | 750 | 4,100 | 350 | 11,200 | 500 | 6,800 | 400 | 12,500 | 500 | 11,500 | 500 | 23,600 | 700 | 5,000 | 400 |
6-10 | 108,100 | 800 | 48,300 | 950 | 23,600 | 700 | 14,100 | 550 | 2,900 | 300 | 7,700 | 450 | 4,400 | 400 | 17,600 | 700 | 11,800 | 550 | 21,700 | 750 | 4,200 | 350 |
11-15 | 106,400 | 800 | 42,400 | 900 | 19,700 | 750 | 11,400 | 550 | 2,900 | 300 | 8,400 | 550 | 4,600 | 400 | 22,600 | 750 | 12,900 | 600 | 20,000 | 600 | 4,000 | 400 |
16-20 | 92,100 | 800 | 32,200 | 800 | 15,200 | 600 | 8,500 | 500 | 2,200 | 300 | 6,300 | 500 | 4,300 | 350 | 20,800 | 700 | 12,700 | 550 | 18,300 | 650 | 3,900 | 350 |
21-25 | 75,000 | 800 | 26,800 | 750 | 13,000 | 550 | 8,200 | 500 | 1,200 | 250 | 4,400 | 400 | 2,300 | 250 | 17,300 | 750 | 10,700 | 500 | 15,000 | 650 | 3,000 | 300 |
> 25 | 175,000 | 1,500 | 57,800 | 1,200 | 27,300 | 850 | 16,600 | 700 | 4,300 | 400 | 9,600 | 550 | 4,900 | 450 | 37,800 | 950 | 28,100 | 800 | 37,700 | 1,000 | 8,600 | 500 |
Citizenship status U.S. citizen |
603,800 | 1,900 | 229,700 | 2,000 | 110,600 | 1,700 | 68,300 | 1,300 | 14,000 | 650 | 36,800 | 1,150 | 20,000 | 750 | 120,200 | 1,700 | 83,800 | 1,500 | 124,400 | 1,700 | 25,700 | 700 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 89,200 | 950 | 54,800 | 900 | 22,000 | 700 | 18,400 | 700 | 3,800 | 350 | 10,700 | 500 | 7,300 | 400 | 8,300 | 550 | 3,900 | 400 | 11,900 | 550 | 3,000 | 300 |
Citizenship status, detailed Native born, U.S. citizen |
496,800 | 1,700 | 179,600 | 1,850 | 89,000 | 1,400 | 55,700 | 1,250 | 9,600 | 550 | 25,300 | 900 | 13,600 | 600 | 97,500 | 1,450 | 74,800 | 1,450 | 109,800 | 1,600 | 21,500 | 700 |
Naturalized, U.S. citizen | 107,000 | 1,200 | 50,000 | 1,000 | 21,700 | 800 | 12,500 | 550 | 4,300 | 350 | 11,500 | 550 | 6,400 | 450 | 22,700 | 800 | 9,000 | 500 | 14,600 | 650 | 4,200 | 350 |
Permanent resident, non-U.S. citizen | 59,800 | 1,050 | 34,000 | 850 | 13,900 | 600 | 10,800 | 600 | 2,300 | 300 | 7,100 | 500 | 4,800 | 400 | 6,800 | 500 | 3,000 | 350 | 9,300 | 550 | 1,900 | 250 |
Temporary resident, non-U.S. citizen | 29,400 | 700 | 20,800 | 600 | 8,100 | 400 | 7,600 | 400 | 1,500 | 250 | 3,600 | 350 | 2,500 | 300 | 1,500 | 250 | 900 | 200 | 2,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 |
Sector of employment 4-year educational institutiond |
289,400 | 2,600 | 118,900 | 1,850 | 46,900 | 1,100 | 67,100 | 1,300 | 1,600 | 250 | 3,300 | 300 | 2,800 | 300 | 34,600 | 1,050 | 11,800 | 600 | 114,400 | 1,650 | 6,800 | 400 |
Other educational institutiong | 24,700 | 800 | 1,200 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,800 | 350 | 16,600 | 650 | 1,000 | 150 |
Private, for-profith | 223,900 | 2,000 | 105,900 | 1,500 | 50,900 | 1,200 | 4,700 | 400 | 12,900 | 650 | 37,400 | 1,100 | 19,800 | 750 | 56,500 | 1,250 | 30,000 | 900 | 2,100 | 250 | 9,700 | 500 |
Private, nonprofit | 45,100 | 1,150 | 19,300 | 800 | 10,500 | 600 | 6,000 | 450 | 900 | 200 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,300 | 200 | 11,500 | 600 | 9,400 | 550 | 1,000 | 200 | 2,700 | 300 |
Federal government | 48,700 | 1,150 | 25,600 | 900 | 15,900 | 700 | 6,900 | 450 | 900 | 200 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,300 | 200 | 11,700 | 550 | 5,800 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 3,700 | 300 |
State or local government | 17,300 | 750 | 4,700 | 350 | 3,100 | 300 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 5,900 | 400 | 4,000 | 350 | 300 | 100 | 1,500 | 200 |
Self-employedi | 41,700 | 1,100 | 7,700 | 550 | 4,100 | 350 | 700 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 4,900 | 400 | 23,600 | 850 | 1,300 | 200 | 3,100 | 300 |
Other sectorj | 2,000 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 100 | D | D | 500 | 150 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 200 | 100 |
Employer location New England |
58,400 | 1,250 | 27,400 | 950 | 13,200 | 700 | 8,700 | 450 | 1,400 | 250 | 4,200 | 350 | 2,300 | 300 | 9,700 | 500 | 6,900 | 450 | 10,200 | 500 | 1,900 | 250 |
Middle Atlantic | 105,200 | 1,750 | 41,400 | 1,050 | 19,100 | 750 | 12,800 | 600 | 2,200 | 300 | 7,400 | 450 | 4,200 | 350 | 19,900 | 750 | 14,500 | 650 | 21,900 | 900 | 3,400 | 350 |
East North Central | 86,500 | 1,500 | 35,200 | 950 | 15,400 | 650 | 11,400 | 500 | 2,300 | 250 | 6,000 | 500 | 2,100 | 300 | 13,900 | 650 | 10,500 | 650 | 21,600 | 900 | 3,200 | 350 |
West North Central | 40,100 | 1,050 | 15,400 | 650 | 7,400 | 450 | 5,000 | 350 | 600 | 150 | 2,400 | 300 | 800 | 150 | 6,900 | 550 | 5,600 | 400 | 10,200 | 550 | 1,200 | 250 |
South Atlantic | 134,800 | 1,650 | 53,900 | 1,250 | 27,700 | 800 | 16,300 | 700 | 3,000 | 300 | 6,900 | 500 | 4,700 | 400 | 27,000 | 800 | 16,500 | 650 | 25,000 | 800 | 7,600 | 450 |
East South Central | 26,500 | 950 | 10,500 | 650 | 5,100 | 450 | 3,700 | 350 | 500 | 150 | 1,300 | 250 | 800 | 150 | 4,400 | 400 | 2,700 | 300 | 7,200 | 500 | 900 | 200 |
West South Central | 55,500 | 1,200 | 22,600 | 800 | 9,400 | 500 | 7,000 | 500 | 2,100 | 250 | 4,100 | 350 | 1,900 | 250 | 10,400 | 650 | 6,900 | 450 | 11,400 | 550 | 2,200 | 250 |
Mountain | 46,600 | 1,150 | 18,100 | 750 | 9,100 | 550 | 5,200 | 400 | 1,200 | 200 | 2,600 | 300 | 1,500 | 200 | 9,500 | 550 | 6,200 | 450 | 9,200 | 450 | 2,000 | 300 |
Pacific | 134,800 | 1,850 | 58,400 | 1,300 | 25,600 | 800 | 16,100 | 700 | 4,400 | 400 | 12,300 | 650 | 8,900 | 500 | 25,700 | 850 | 17,500 | 700 | 18,300 | 750 | 5,900 | 400 |
U.S. territories and other areas | 4,600 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | D | D | 300 | 100 | D | D | 1,300 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources. b Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately. |
c Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. d American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. e Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. |
f Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. g Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. h Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business. i Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business. j Includes employers not broken out separately. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. Primary and secondary work activities were based on response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |