Table 37. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2010 |
Occupation | All employed | Asian | Other minoritya | White | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | |||||||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All occupations | 692,900 | 1,750 | 472,700 | 1,400 | 220,200 | 1,050 | 134,600 | 900 | 98,200 | 850 | 36,400 | 450 | 56,000 | 500 | 32,800 | 450 | 23,300 | 350 | 502,300 | 1,700 | 341,800 | 1,350 | 160,500 | 1,000 |
Science occupations | 399,800 | 2,250 | 263,300 | 1,800 | 136,500 | 1,350 | 70,100 | 1,050 | 47,600 | 900 | 22,500 | 550 | 32,800 | 600 | 18,900 | 500 | 13,900 | 450 | 296,900 | 2,150 | 196,900 | 1,750 | 100,000 | 1,150 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 124,800 | 1,450 | 78,900 | 1,200 | 45,900 | 850 | 24,800 | 700 | 14,700 | 600 | 10,000 | 400 | 9,700 | 350 | 6,000 | 300 | 3,700 | 200 | 90,300 | 1,250 | 58,200 | 1,050 | 32,100 | 700 |
Agricultural/ food scientists | 9,000 | 500 | 6,800 | 450 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 6,800 | 450 | 5,200 | 400 | 1,600 | 200 |
Biochemists/ biophysicists | 13,400 | 650 | 9,200 | 550 | 4,200 | 350 | 4,500 | 350 | 2,800 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 800 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 8,200 | 550 | 5,900 | 450 | 2,200 | 250 |
Biological scientists | 19,700 | 700 | 11,700 | 600 | 8,000 | 450 | 4,000 | 350 | 2,300 | 250 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,500 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 14,200 | 600 | 8,700 | 500 | 5,500 | 400 |
Forestry/ conservation scientists | 1,700 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 1,500 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Medical scientists | 36,600 | 1,000 | 21,000 | 750 | 15,600 | 600 | 9,900 | 500 | 5,700 | 400 | 4,200 | 300 | 2,500 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 24,200 | 800 | 13,800 | 650 | 10,300 | 450 |
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences | 6,600 | 400 | 4,900 | 400 | 1,600 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 5,300 | 400 | 4,000 | 350 | 1,300 | 200 |
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences | 32,500 | 900 | 21,300 | 750 | 11,300 | 550 | 3,100 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 2,800 | 200 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 26,700 | 800 | 17,400 | 650 | 9,200 | 500 |
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists | 5,300 | 350 | 2,700 | 250 | 2,600 | 300 | 1,200 | 200 | 500 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 3,600 | 300 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,700 | 250 |
Computer/ information scientists | 38,800 | 850 | 32,900 | 850 | 6,000 | 350 | 15,200 | 600 | 12,400 | 500 | 2,800 | 250 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,500 | 200 | 300 | 50 | 21,800 | 750 | 19,000 | 700 | 2,800 | 250 |
Computer/ information scientists | 31,100 | 850 | 26,500 | 800 | 4,600 | 350 | 12,600 | 550 | 10,200 | 500 | 2,300 | 250 | 1,300 | 150 | 1,100 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 17,200 | 650 | 15,100 | 600 | 2,100 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, computer science | 7,700 | 450 | 6,400 | 400 | 1,300 | 150 | 2,700 | 300 | 2,200 | 250 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 4,600 | 350 | 3,900 | 300 | 700 | 150 |
Mathematical scientists | 29,700 | 700 | 22,200 | 650 | 7,500 | 400 | 8,200 | 400 | 5,800 | 350 | 2,400 | 250 | 1,900 | 200 | 1,300 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 19,600 | 600 | 15,100 | 550 | 4,600 | 300 |
Mathematical scientists | 13,200 | 600 | 9,700 | 500 | 3,500 | 300 | 5,000 | 350 | 3,600 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 700 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 7,500 | 450 | 5,700 | 400 | 1,800 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics | 16,600 | 550 | 12,500 | 500 | 4,000 | 300 | 3,200 | 300 | 2,300 | 250 | 900 | 150 | 1,200 | 150 | 900 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 12,100 | 500 | 9,300 | 450 | 2,800 | 250 |
Physical scientists | 79,600 | 1,150 | 64,400 | 1,000 | 15,200 | 550 | 14,200 | 550 | 11,000 | 500 | 3,200 | 300 | 5,000 | 250 | 3,800 | 250 | 1,200 | 150 | 60,400 | 1,150 | 49,600 | 1,000 | 10,700 | 450 |
Chemists, except biochemists | 21,800 | 800 | 17,500 | 700 | 4,400 | 350 | 5,700 | 400 | 4,300 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,300 | 150 | 900 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 14,800 | 650 | 12,200 | 600 | 2,600 | 250 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 10,800 | 500 | 9,000 | 450 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 8,500 | 450 | 7,200 | 400 | 1,300 | 200 |
Physicists/ astronomers | 12,900 | 500 | 11,700 | 450 | 1,200 | 150 | 2,600 | 250 | 2,300 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 9,800 | 450 | 9,000 | 400 | 800 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry | 14,700 | 650 | 10,900 | 550 | 3,800 | 300 | 1,500 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 11,800 | 600 | 9,000 | 550 | 2,800 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, physics | 9,000 | 500 | 7,700 | 450 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 700 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 7,100 | 450 | 6,000 | 400 | 1,100 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences | 7,700 | 450 | 5,600 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 6,600 | 400 | 4,800 | 350 | 1,900 | 200 |
Other physical scientists | 2,500 | 300 | 2,100 | 250 | 400 | 100 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 1,700 | 250 | 1,400 | 250 | 300 | 100 |
Psychologists | 69,700 | 900 | 30,500 | 700 | 39,200 | 700 | 2,300 | 200 | 600 | 100 | 1,700 | 150 | 7,800 | 300 | 2,800 | 200 | 5,100 | 300 | 59,500 | 900 | 27,100 | 650 | 32,400 | 650 |
Psychologists | 51,200 | 950 | 21,700 | 650 | 29,500 | 700 | 1,600 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 1,200 | 200 | 5,500 | 300 | 1,800 | 200 | 3,600 | 250 | 44,200 | 950 | 19,500 | 650 | 24,700 | 700 |
Postsecondary teachers, psychology | 18,400 | 650 | 8,800 | 500 | 9,700 | 500 | 700 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 2,400 | 200 | 900 | 150 | 1,400 | 200 | 15,300 | 650 | 7,600 | 500 | 7,800 | 500 |
Social scientists | 57,200 | 950 | 34,500 | 750 | 22,700 | 650 | 5,400 | 350 | 3,100 | 250 | 2,300 | 200 | 6,600 | 300 | 3,500 | 250 | 3,000 | 200 | 45,200 | 850 | 27,900 | 700 | 17,300 | 600 |
Economists | 7,400 | 450 | 5,300 | 400 | 2,100 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 5,700 | 400 | 4,200 | 350 | 1,500 | 200 |
Political scientists | 1,000 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 800 | 200 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, economics | 8,900 | 500 | 6,900 | 500 | 2,000 | 200 | 1,500 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 6,600 | 400 | 5,200 | 400 | 1,400 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, political science | 9,300 | 450 | 6,500 | 350 | 2,900 | 250 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 1,000 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 7,900 | 450 | 5,700 | 350 | 2,200 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, sociology | 7,500 | 400 | 3,900 | 300 | 3,600 | 250 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 50 | 1,100 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 5,900 | 350 | 3,100 | 300 | 2,800 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences | 12,800 | 550 | 6,800 | 450 | 6,000 | 350 | 900 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 1,800 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 1,000 | 150 | 10,100 | 500 | 5,400 | 400 | 4,700 | 350 |
Sociologists/ anthropologists | 3,100 | 300 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,900 | 250 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 200 | 50 | 2,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,500 | 250 |
Other social scientists | 7,100 | 500 | 3,200 | 300 | 3,900 | 350 | 700 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 500 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 5,600 | 450 | 2,600 | 300 | 3,000 | 300 |
Engineering occupations | 89,000 | 1,200 | 78,400 | 1,150 | 10,600 | 450 | 32,200 | 700 | 28,000 | 650 | 4,300 | 300 | 5,200 | 300 | 4,300 | 300 | 900 | 100 | 51,600 | 950 | 46,200 | 950 | 5,400 | 300 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers | 5,600 | 450 | 5,200 | 450 | 500 | 150 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,200 | 200 | D | D | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 4,100 | 400 | 3,800 | 350 | 300 | 100 |
Chemical engineers | 7,900 | 450 | 6,900 | 450 | 1,000 | 200 | 3,200 | 300 | 2,700 | 300 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 4,200 | 350 | 3,800 | 350 | 400 | 150 |
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers | 4,500 | 400 | 4,000 | 350 | 500 | 150 | 1,900 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | * | * | 2,200 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 200 | 100 |
Electrical engineers | 19,000 | 700 | 17,400 | 650 | 1,700 | 200 | 8,700 | 500 | 7,800 | 450 | 900 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 9,500 | 500 | 8,900 | 500 | 600 | 100 |
Industrial engineersb | 1,000 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Mechanical engineers | 9,100 | 600 | 8,500 | 600 | 700 | 150 | 4,000 | 350 | 3,600 | 350 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 200 | 50 | D | D | 4,900 | 400 | 4,700 | 400 | 300 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, engineering | 20,400 | 700 | 17,400 | 650 | 2,900 | 300 | 5,300 | 400 | 4,500 | 350 | 800 | 150 | 1,700 | 150 | 1,400 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 13,300 | 550 | 11,600 | 550 | 1,800 | 200 |
Other engineersb | 21,400 | 700 | 18,400 | 700 | 3,100 | 250 | 7,500 | 450 | 6,300 | 400 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,400 | 150 | 1,100 | 150 | 300 | 50 | 12,600 | 550 | 11,000 | 550 | 1,600 | 200 |
S&E-related occupations | 78,900 | 1,250 | 49,600 | 1,000 | 29,300 | 850 | 14,200 | 600 | 10,000 | 500 | 4,200 | 350 | 6,400 | 350 | 3,200 | 250 | 3,200 | 200 | 58,300 | 1,200 | 36,500 | 950 | 21,900 | 700 |
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers | 22,900 | 800 | 13,100 | 550 | 9,800 | 550 | 4,400 | 400 | 2,700 | 350 | 1,700 | 200 | 2,000 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 1,000 | 150 | 16,500 | 700 | 9,400 | 550 | 7,100 | 500 |
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences | 18,300 | 700 | 8,100 | 500 | 10,200 | 500 | 2,100 | 300 | 1,300 | 250 | 900 | 150 | 1,800 | 200 | 600 | 100 | 1,200 | 150 | 14,300 | 650 | 6,200 | 450 | 8,100 | 450 |
S&E managers, including health | 28,400 | 850 | 22,000 | 750 | 6,400 | 400 | 5,700 | 450 | 4,800 | 400 | 900 | 150 | 1,700 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 21,000 | 750 | 16,100 | 650 | 4,900 | 350 |
S&E precollege teachers | 4,300 | 350 | 2,600 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 3,600 | 350 | 2,300 | 250 | 1,300 | 200 |
S&E technicians and technologists | 4,600 | 350 | 3,500 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,300 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Other S&E-related occupations | 400 | 150 | 300 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 125,200 | 1,800 | 81,300 | 1,450 | 43,900 | 1,000 | 18,000 | 750 | 12,600 | 650 | 5,400 | 350 | 11,600 | 400 | 6,400 | 350 | 5,200 | 300 | 95,600 | 1,550 | 62,300 | 1,250 | 33,300 | 950 |
Arts/ humanities-related occupations | 6,300 | 400 | 2,700 | 350 | 3,600 | 300 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 5,500 | 350 | 2,300 | 300 | 3,200 | 300 |
Management-related occupations | 23,500 | 900 | 14,800 | 700 | 8,700 | 500 | 4,700 | 400 | 3,100 | 350 | 1,600 | 250 | 2,100 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 1,000 | 150 | 16,600 | 750 | 10,500 | 600 | 6,100 | 450 |
Non-S&E managers | 53,100 | 1,250 | 39,500 | 1,050 | 13,600 | 650 | 7,600 | 500 | 6,200 | 500 | 1,400 | 200 | 4,400 | 300 | 2,800 | 250 | 1,600 | 200 | 41,100 | 1,100 | 30,500 | 900 | 10,600 | 550 |
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers | 16,700 | 650 | 9,100 | 550 | 7,600 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,200 | 250 | 1,000 | 150 | 2,100 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 1,200 | 150 | 12,400 | 600 | 6,900 | 450 | 5,500 | 400 |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers | 3,100 | 300 | 1,200 | 250 | 1,900 | 250 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 2,600 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,600 | 250 |
Sales/ marketing occupations | 7,500 | 450 | 5,700 | 400 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 5,300 | 400 | 4,200 | 350 | 1,100 | 200 |
Social service–related occupations | 4,600 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 | 2,600 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | S | S | 900 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 3,500 | 350 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,900 | 250 |
Other non-S&E occupations | 10,300 | 600 | 6,200 | 500 | 4,100 | 350 | 1,000 | 200 | 500 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 8,500 | 550 | 5,300 | 450 | 3,200 | 350 |
* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a Other minority includes Hispanic or Latino, and non-Hispanic or Latino American Indian or Alaska Native, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, and respondents reporting more than one race. Detail for Other minority can be found in table 38. |
b From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers." For all years, data in this category have included only Industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |