Table 39. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and citizenship status: 2010 |
Occupation | All employed | U.S. citizen | Non-U.S. citizen | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Native born | Naturalized | Total | Permanent resident | Temporary resident | ||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All occupations | 692,900 | 1,750 | 603,800 | 1,900 | 496,800 | 1,700 | 107,000 | 1,200 | 89,200 | 950 | 59,800 | 1,050 | 29,400 | 700 |
Science occupations | 399,800 | 2,250 | 346,200 | 2,150 | 293,700 | 2,100 | 52,400 | 1,000 | 53,600 | 900 | 35,400 | 900 | 18,200 | 650 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 124,800 | 1,450 | 106,600 | 1,350 | 90,000 | 1,250 | 16,700 | 600 | 18,200 | 650 | 11,300 | 500 | 6,900 | 450 |
Agricultural/ food scientists | 9,000 | 500 | 7,600 | 450 | 6,500 | 400 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 400 | 150 |
Biochemists/ biophysicists | 13,400 | 650 | 10,100 | 600 | 7,700 | 500 | 2,400 | 300 | 3,400 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 |
Biological scientists | 19,700 | 700 | 16,800 | 650 | 14,600 | 600 | 2,200 | 250 | 3,000 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 1,300 | 200 |
Forestry/ conservation scientists | 1,700 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,500 | 250 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D |
Medical scientists | 36,600 | 1,000 | 30,000 | 850 | 23,600 | 750 | 6,400 | 450 | 6,600 | 450 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,800 | 300 |
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences | 6,600 | 400 | 5,800 | 400 | 5,300 | 400 | 400 | 150 | 800 | 200 | 700 | 200 | S | S |
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences | 32,500 | 900 | 30,500 | 850 | 27,200 | 800 | 3,200 | 300 | 2,100 | 300 | 1,700 | 300 | 300 | 100 |
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists | 5,300 | 350 | 4,400 | 350 | 3,600 | 300 | 800 | 150 | 900 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 |
Computer/ information scientists | 38,800 | 850 | 29,500 | 800 | 19,000 | 650 | 10,500 | 550 | 9,400 | 450 | 6,300 | 450 | 3,000 | 250 |
Computer/ information scientists | 31,100 | 850 | 23,500 | 750 | 15,200 | 600 | 8,300 | 500 | 7,600 | 450 | 4,900 | 400 | 2,700 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, computer science | 7,700 | 450 | 6,000 | 350 | 3,800 | 300 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,700 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Mathematical scientists | 29,700 | 700 | 22,900 | 650 | 17,200 | 600 | 5,700 | 400 | 6,900 | 450 | 4,700 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 |
Mathematical scientists | 13,200 | 600 | 9,500 | 500 | 6,500 | 450 | 3,100 | 350 | 3,600 | 300 | 2,200 | 300 | 1,400 | 200 |
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics | 16,600 | 550 | 13,400 | 550 | 10,700 | 450 | 2,600 | 300 | 3,200 | 300 | 2,500 | 300 | 700 | 150 |
Physical scientists | 79,600 | 1,150 | 68,800 | 1,150 | 58,000 | 1,100 | 10,700 | 600 | 10,800 | 550 | 6,800 | 400 | 4,000 | 300 |
Chemists, except biochemists | 21,800 | 800 | 18,500 | 750 | 14,300 | 600 | 4,200 | 400 | 3,400 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 10,800 | 500 | 9,100 | 450 | 7,900 | 450 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,700 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 700 | 150 |
Physicists/ astronomers | 12,900 | 500 | 10,900 | 500 | 9,300 | 450 | 1,600 | 250 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 900 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry | 14,700 | 650 | 13,300 | 600 | 11,900 | 600 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 400 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, physics | 9,000 | 500 | 7,700 | 450 | 6,400 | 400 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences | 7,700 | 450 | 7,200 | 450 | 6,500 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Other physical scientists | 2,500 | 300 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,800 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
Psychologists | 69,700 | 900 | 68,100 | 900 | 64,600 | 900 | 3,500 | 300 | 1,500 | 250 | 1,100 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Psychologists | 51,200 | 950 | 50,200 | 950 | 47,500 | 950 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,100 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, psychology | 18,400 | 650 | 18,000 | 650 | 17,200 | 600 | 800 | 200 | 400 | 150 | 300 | 150 | D | D |
Social scientists | 57,200 | 950 | 50,300 | 900 | 44,900 | 800 | 5,400 | 350 | 6,900 | 450 | 5,100 | 400 | 1,800 | 200 |
Economists | 7,400 | 450 | 6,000 | 400 | 5,200 | 400 | 800 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 150 |
Political scientists | 1,000 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 800 | 200 | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, economics | 8,900 | 500 | 6,800 | 450 | 5,700 | 400 | 1,100 | 200 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,700 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, political science | 9,300 | 450 | 8,600 | 450 | 7,900 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, sociology | 7,500 | 400 | 6,900 | 400 | 6,300 | 350 | 600 | 100 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 100 | 50 |
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences | 12,800 | 550 | 11,500 | 500 | 10,400 | 500 | 1,100 | 150 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 50 |
Sociologists/ anthropologists | 3,100 | 300 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,700 | 300 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 |
Other social scientists | 7,100 | 500 | 6,600 | 450 | 6,000 | 450 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 50 |
Engineering occupations | 89,000 | 1,200 | 67,300 | 950 | 45,400 | 900 | 21,900 | 650 | 21,700 | 700 | 13,900 | 650 | 7,900 | 400 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers | 5,600 | 450 | 5,100 | 450 | 3,700 | 350 | 1,400 | 250 | 500 | 150 | 300 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Chemical engineers | 7,900 | 450 | 5,900 | 400 | 4,000 | 350 | 1,900 | 250 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 |
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers | 4,500 | 400 | 2,900 | 350 | 1,500 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,600 | 250 | 900 | 200 | 600 | 150 |
Electrical engineers | 19,000 | 700 | 13,000 | 600 | 7,800 | 450 | 5,200 | 450 | 6,000 | 400 | 3,900 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 |
Industrial engineersa | 1,000 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 100 |
Mechanical engineers | 9,100 | 600 | 6,500 | 500 | 4,100 | 400 | 2,400 | 300 | 2,600 | 300 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 |
Postsecondary teachers, engineering | 20,400 | 700 | 16,600 | 650 | 11,700 | 550 | 4,900 | 350 | 3,700 | 350 | 3,000 | 300 | 700 | 200 |
Other engineersa | 21,400 | 700 | 16,400 | 600 | 11,900 | 550 | 4,400 | 400 | 5,100 | 400 | 3,000 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 |
S&E-related occupations | 78,900 | 1,250 | 73,000 | 1,200 | 60,100 | 1,200 | 12,900 | 600 | 5,900 | 450 | 4,700 | 400 | 1,200 | 200 |
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers | 22,900 | 800 | 21,400 | 800 | 17,800 | 750 | 3,600 | 350 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences | 18,300 | 700 | 17,200 | 650 | 15,200 | 600 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 300 | 100 |
S&E managers, including health | 28,400 | 850 | 26,500 | 850 | 20,800 | 700 | 5,700 | 450 | 1,900 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 200 | 100 |
S&E precollege teachers | 4,300 | 350 | 4,100 | 350 | 3,600 | 350 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | S | S | D | D |
S&E technicians and technologists | 4,600 | 350 | 3,500 | 350 | 2,600 | 300 | 900 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 700 | 200 | 400 | 100 |
Other S&E-related occupations | 400 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 125,200 | 1,800 | 117,300 | 1,700 | 97,600 | 1,500 | 19,700 | 800 | 7,900 | 550 | 5,800 | 450 | 2,100 | 250 |
Arts/ humanities-related occupations | 6,300 | 400 | 6,100 | 400 | 5,600 | 400 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Management-related occupations | 23,500 | 900 | 21,400 | 850 | 17,100 | 700 | 4,300 | 400 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 900 | 150 |
Non-S&E managers | 53,100 | 1,250 | 51,000 | 1,200 | 41,500 | 1,100 | 9,500 | 550 | 2,100 | 300 | 1,700 | 300 | 400 | 150 |
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers | 16,700 | 650 | 14,900 | 650 | 12,700 | 550 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 400 | 100 |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers | 3,100 | 300 | 2,900 | 300 | 2,700 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | S | S | D | D |
Sales/ marketing occupations | 7,500 | 450 | 6,600 | 450 | 5,200 | 400 | 1,400 | 250 | 900 | 200 | 600 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Social service–related occupations | 4,600 | 350 | 4,500 | 350 | 4,000 | 350 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Other non-S&E occupations | 10,300 | 600 | 9,900 | 600 | 8,900 | 550 | 1,000 | 200 | 400 | 150 | 300 | 150 | D | D |
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers." For all years, data in this category have included only Industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |