Table 51. Median annual salaries of full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 2010 |
(Dollars) |
Field | All full-time employed | U.S. citizen | Non-U.S. citizen | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Native born | Naturalized | Total | Permanent resident | Temporary resident | ||||||||
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
All fields | 100,000 | 500 | 100,000 | 500 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 113,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 500 | 74,000 | 2,000 |
Science | 95,000 | 1,000 | 97,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 500 | 105,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 1,500 | 83,000 | 2,000 | 62,000 | 3,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 91,000 | 2,000 | 96,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 1,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 60,000 | 3,000 | 73,000 | 3,500 | 46,000 | 2,000 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 90,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 2,500 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 97,000 | 8,500 | 75,000 | 3,500 | 79,000 | 2,500 | 52,000 | 12,500 |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 99,000 | 500 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 103,000 | 4,500 | 56,000 | 11,000 | 77,000 | 11,000 | 42,000 | 2,500 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 89,000 | 4,000 | 96,000 | 3,500 | 95,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 5,000 | 54,000 | 4,000 | 66,000 | 10,500 | 42,000 | 2,000 |
Environmental life sciences | 80,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 3,000 | 80,000 | 3,500 | 82,000 | 9,000 | 67,000 | 6,500 | 69,000 | 5,000 | 53,000 | 8,500 |
Microbiology | 98,000 | 5,500 | 99,000 | 2,500 | 98,000 | 3,500 | 100,000 | 6,000 | 52,000 | 8,500 | 63,000 | 13,500 | 41,000 | 3,500 |
Zoology | 84,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 6,500 | 43,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D |
Other biological sciences | 92,000 | 2,500 | 96,000 | 1,500 | 94,000 | 2,000 | 105,000 | 5,000 | 59,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 4,500 | 48,000 | 2,500 |
Computer/ information sciences | 115,000 | 3,500 | 120,000 | 3,000 | 120,000 | 5,500 | 125,000 | 4,000 | 99,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 5,000 | 99,000 | 8,000 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 97,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 97,000 | 2,500 | 107,000 | 4,500 | 84,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 3,500 | 80,000 | 5,500 |
Physical sciences | 102,000 | 1,500 | 108,000 | 1,500 | 105,000 | 1,000 | 115,000 | 4,500 | 77,000 | 3,000 | 86,000 | 3,500 | 59,000 | 2,000 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 95,000 | 6,000 | 97,000 | 4,500 | 90,000 | 6,500 | 120,000 | 5,500 | 43,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 102,000 | 2,000 | 106,000 | 2,000 | 104,000 | 1,500 | 114,000 | 5,000 | 77,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 4,500 | 50,000 | 5,000 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesa | 92,000 | 2,000 | 97,000 | 3,500 | 95,000 | 4,000 | 99,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 4,000 | 74,000 | 4,000 | 67,000 | 5,500 |
Physics | 110,000 | 1,000 | 119,000 | 3,500 | 117,000 | 4,500 | 120,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 4,000 | 90,000 | 5,000 | 62,000 | 5,500 |
Psychology | 86,000 | 1,500 | 87,000 | 1,500 | 87,000 | 1,500 | 88,000 | 3,000 | 64,000 | 5,500 | 64,000 | 9,500 | 63,000 | 9,000 |
Social sciences | 90,000 | 1,000 | 90,000 | 1,000 | 89,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 2,500 | 81,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 4,500 |
Economics | 119,000 | 2,500 | 120,000 | 3,000 | 122,000 | 4,500 | 115,000 | 5,500 | 107,000 | 8,000 | 99,000 | 5,000 | 118,000 | 7,000 |
Political sciences | 85,000 | 2,500 | 87,000 | 3,000 | 86,000 | 3,000 | 90,000 | 6,000 | 69,000 | 4,500 | 65,000 | 5,500 | 79,000 | 8,500 |
Sociology | 82,000 | 4,000 | 84,000 | 3,500 | 84,000 | 4,000 | 82,000 | 9,500 | 72,000 | 6,000 | 77,000 | 7,000 | 59,000 | 5,500 |
Other social sciences | 77,000 | 2,000 | 78,000 | 2,500 | 77,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 5,500 | 68,000 | 3,500 | 68,000 | 3,500 | 72,000 | 8,500 |
Engineering | 115,000 | 1,000 | 121,000 | 2,000 | 120,000 | 500 | 124,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 1,000 | 99,000 | 1,000 | 85,000 | 2,500 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 120,000 | 5,500 | 131,000 | 6,500 | 129,000 | 8,000 | 132,000 | 7,500 | 87,000 | 8,000 | 94,000 | 6,000 | 70,000 | 16,000 |
Chemical engineering | 119,000 | 1,000 | 125,000 | 4,000 | 122,000 | 3,500 | 130,000 | 2,500 | 95,000 | 3,500 | 98,000 | 2,000 | 89,000 | 8,500 |
Civil engineering | 102,000 | 3,500 | 109,000 | 2,500 | 107,000 | 6,500 | 110,000 | 9,000 | 83,000 | 3,000 | 93,000 | 5,000 | 69,000 | 3,000 |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 120,000 | 1,000 | 133,000 | 3,000 | 130,000 | 3,000 | 134,000 | 4,000 | 100,000 | 2,500 | 108,000 | 4,000 | 97,000 | 2,500 |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 110,000 | 2,000 | 119,000 | 1,000 | 119,000 | 2,000 | 119,000 | 2,500 | 88,000 | 3,000 | 91,000 | 5,500 | 72,000 | 6,500 |
Mechanical engineering | 105,000 | 3,500 | 119,000 | 3,500 | 120,000 | 4,000 | 117,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 4,500 | 76,000 | 3,000 |
Other engineering | 110,000 | 2,000 | 117,000 | 3,000 | 117,000 | 3,000 | 116,000 | 7,500 | 92,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 3,000 | 79,000 | 11,500 |
Health | 93,000 | 2,000 | 94,000 | 1,500 | 92,000 | 2,000 | 107,000 | 7,000 | 79,000 | 4,500 | 83,000 | 9,500 | 70,000 | 7,000 |
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. SE = standard error. |
a Includes other physical sciences. |
NOTE: Median annual salaries are for the principal job and are rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 500. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |