Table 32-2. Involuntarily out-of-field rate among doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation: 2013 |
Occupation | Involuntarily out-of-field rate |
|
---|---|---|
Percent | SE | |
All occupations | 3.0 | 0.15 |
Science occupations | 1.8 | 0.15 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 1.0 | 0.15 |
Agricultural/ food scientists | D | D |
Biochemists/ biophysicists | 1.4 | 0.45 |
Biological scientists | 0.5 | 0.25 |
Forestry/ conservation scientists | D | D |
Medical scientists | 1.5 | 0.35 |
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences | D | D |
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists | 2.6 | 0.70 |
Computer/ information scientists | 9.2 | 0.85 |
Computer/ information scientists | 11.3 | 1.00 |
Postsecondary teachers, computer science | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 2.9 | 0.60 |
Mathematical scientists | 6.0 | 1.25 |
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics | D | D |
Physical scientists | 1.4 | 0.30 |
Chemists, except biochemists | 2.0 | 0.55 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 1.9 | 0.85 |
Physicists/ astronomers | 1.6 | 0.70 |
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, physics | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences | D | D |
Other physical scientists | 5.9 | 1.90 |
Psychologists | D | D |
Psychologists | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, psychology | D | D |
Social scientists | 0.5 | 0.15 |
Economists | 1.4 | 0.80 |
Political scientists | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, economics | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, political science | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, sociology | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences | D | D |
Sociologists/ anthropologists | D | D |
Other social scientists | 1.3 | 0.80 |
Engineering occupations | 2.3 | 0.30 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers | 7.0 | 1.70 |
Chemical engineers | D | D |
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers | 2.1 | 1.25 |
Electrical engineers | 2.0 | 0.65 |
Industrial engineersa | D | D |
Mechanical engineers | 3.2 | 1.05 |
Postsecondary teachers, engineering | D | D |
Other engineersa | 3.3 | 0.60 |
S&E-related occupations | 4.3 | 0.45 |
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers | 8.0 | 1.00 |
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences | 0.9 | 0.40 |
S&E managers, including health | 1.8 | 0.45 |
S&E precollege teachers | 4.7 | 1.90 |
S&E technicians and technologists | 19.2 | 4.00 |
Other S&E-related occupations | 33.3 | 10.95 |
Non-S&E occupations | 6.4 | 0.40 |
Arts/ humanities-related occupations | 8.7 | 1.80 |
Management-related occupations | 8.9 | 1.20 |
Non-S&E managers | 3.3 | 0.45 |
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers | 2.4 | 0.65 |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers | 10.7 | 3.20 |
Sales/ marketing occupations | 14.3 | 2.45 |
Social service–related occupations | 3.2 | 1.10 |
Other non-S&E occupations | 18.0 | 2.00 |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers". For all years, data in this category have included only industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers. |
NOTE: Involuntarily-out-of-field rate is the percentage of employed individuals who reported, for their principal job, working in an area not related to the first doctoral degree at least partially because a job in their doctoral degree field was not available. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |