Table 8. Total and federally financed higher education R&D expenditures, by character of work: FYs 1953–2012 |
(Dollars in millions) |
Total | Federal | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basic research |
Applied research and development |
Basic research |
Applied research and development |
|||||||
Fiscal year | All R&D expenditures |
Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent | All federal R&D expenditures |
Amount | Percent | Amount | Percent |
Total S&Ea | ||||||||||
1953 | 255 | 110 | 43.1 | 145 | 56.9 | 138 | na | na | na | na |
1954 | 290 | 136 | 46.9 | 154 | 53.1 | 160 | na | na | na | na |
1955 | 312 | 159 | 51.0 | 153 | 49.0 | 169 | na | na | na | na |
1956 | 372 | 200 | 53.8 | 172 | 46.2 | 213 | na | na | na | na |
1957 | 410 | 240 | 58.5 | 170 | 41.5 | 229 | na | na | na | na |
1958 | 456 | 281 | 61.6 | 175 | 38.4 | 254 | na | na | na | na |
1959 | 526 | 343 | 65.2 | 183 | 34.8 | 306 | na | na | na | na |
1960 | 646 | 433 | 67.0 | 213 | 33.0 | 405 | na | na | na | na |
1961 | 763 | 536 | 70.2 | 227 | 29.8 | 500 | na | na | na | na |
1962 | 904 | 659 | 72.9 | 245 | 27.1 | 613 | na | na | na | na |
1963 | 1,081 | 814 | 75.3 | 267 | 24.7 | 760 | na | na | na | na |
1964 | 1,275 | 1,003 | 78.7 | 272 | 21.3 | 917 | na | na | na | na |
1965 | 1,474 | 1,138 | 77.2 | 336 | 22.8 | 1,073 | na | na | na | na |
1966 | 1,715 | 1,303 | 76.0 | 412 | 24.0 | 1,261 | na | na | na | na |
1967 | 1,921 | 1,457 | 75.8 | 464 | 24.2 | 1,409 | na | na | na | na |
1968 | 2,149 | 1,650 | 76.8 | 499 | 23.2 | 1,572 | na | na | na | na |
1969 | 2,225 | 1,711 | 76.9 | 514 | 23.1 | 1,600 | na | na | na | na |
1970 | 2,335 | 1,796 | 76.9 | 539 | 23.1 | 1,647 | na | na | na | na |
1971 | 2,500 | 1,914 | 76.6 | 586 | 23.4 | 1,724 | na | na | na | na |
1953 | 255 | 110 | 43.1 | 145 | 56.9 | 138 | na | na | na | na |
1954 | 290 | 136 | 46.9 | 154 | 53.1 | 160 | na | na | na | na |
1955 | 312 | 159 | 51.0 | 153 | 49.0 | 169 | na | na | na | na |
1956 | 372 | 200 | 53.8 | 172 | 46.2 | 213 | na | na | na | na |
1957 | 410 | 240 | 58.5 | 170 | 41.5 | 229 | na | na | na | na |
1958 | 456 | 281 | 61.6 | 175 | 38.4 | 254 | na | na | na | na |
1959 | 526 | 343 | 65.2 | 183 | 34.8 | 306 | na | na | na | na |
1960 | 646 | 433 | 67.0 | 213 | 33.0 | 405 | na | na | na | na |
1961 | 763 | 536 | 70.2 | 227 | 29.8 | 500 | na | na | na | na |
1962 | 904 | 659 | 72.9 | 245 | 27.1 | 613 | na | na | na | na |
1963 | 1,081 | 814 | 75.3 | 267 | 24.7 | 760 | na | na | na | na |
1964 | 1,275 | 1,003 | 78.7 | 272 | 21.3 | 917 | na | na | na | na |
1965 | 1,474 | 1,138 | 77.2 | 336 | 22.8 | 1,073 | na | na | na | na |
1966 | 1,715 | 1,303 | 76.0 | 412 | 24.0 | 1,261 | na | na | na | na |
1967 | 1,921 | 1,457 | 75.8 | 464 | 24.2 | 1,409 | na | na | na | na |
1968 | 2,149 | 1,650 | 76.8 | 499 | 23.2 | 1,572 | na | na | na | na |
1969 | 2,225 | 1,711 | 76.9 | 514 | 23.1 | 1,600 | na | na | na | na |
1970 | 2,335 | 1,796 | 76.9 | 539 | 23.1 | 1,647 | na | na | na | na |
1971 | 2,500 | 1,914 | 76.6 | 586 | 23.4 | 1,724 | na | na | na | na |
1972 | 2,630 | 2,022 | 76.9 | 608 | 23.1 | 1,795 | 1,420 | 79.1 | 375 | 20.9 |
1973 | 2,884 | 2,053 | 71.2 | 831 | 28.8 | 1,985 | 1,454 | 73.2 | 531 | 26.8 |
1974 | 3,023 | 2,154 | 71.3 | 869 | 28.7 | 2,032 | 1,523 | 74.9 | 509 | 25.1 |
1975 | 3,409 | 2,410 | 70.7 | 999 | 29.3 | 2,288 | 1,695 | 74.1 | 593 | 25.9 |
1976 | 3,729 | 2,549 | 68.4 | 1,180 | 31.6 | 2,512 | 1,841 | 73.3 | 671 | 26.7 |
1977 | 4,067 | 2,800 | 68.8 | 1,267 | 31.2 | 2,726 | 2,007 | 73.6 | 720 | 26.4 |
1978b | 4,625 | na | na | na | na | 3,059 | na | na | na | na |
1979 | 5,366 | 3,619 | 67.4 | 1,747 | 32.6 | 3,598 | 2,577 | 71.6 | 1,022 | 28.4 |
1980 | 6,063 | 4,036 | 66.6 | 2,026 | 33.4 | 4,098 | 2,861 | 69.8 | 1,237 | 30.2 |
1981 | 6,847 | 4,594 | 67.1 | 2,253 | 32.9 | 4,571 | 3,260 | 71.3 | 1,311 | 28.7 |
1982 | 7,324 | 4,879 | 66.6 | 2,445 | 33.4 | 4,768 | 3,402 | 71.3 | 1,367 | 28.7 |
1983 | 7,882 | 5,303 | 67.3 | 2,579 | 32.7 | 4,989 | 3,547 | 71.1 | 1,442 | 28.9 |
1984 | 8,620 | 5,733 | 66.5 | 2,887 | 33.5 | 5,431 | 3,830 | 70.5 | 1,601 | 29.5 |
1985 | 9,687 | 6,556 | 67.7 | 3,131 | 32.3 | 6,064 | 4,343 | 71.6 | 1,722 | 28.4 |
1986 | 10,928 | 7,492 | 68.6 | 3,435 | 31.4 | 6,712 | 4,868 | 72.5 | 1,844 | 27.5 |
1987 | 12,153 | 8,393 | 69.1 | 3,760 | 30.9 | 7,343 | 5,375 | 73.2 | 1,968 | 26.8 |
1988 | 13,463 | 8,894 | 66.1 | 4,569 | 33.9 | 8,193 | 5,678 | 69.3 | 2,515 | 30.7 |
1989 | 14,979 | 9,793 | 65.4 | 5,186 | 34.6 | 8,993 | 6,195 | 68.9 | 2,797 | 31.1 |
1990 | 16,290 | 10,645 | 65.3 | 5,645 | 34.7 | 9,640 | 6,649 | 69.0 | 2,991 | 31.0 |
1991 | 17,589 | 11,607 | 66.0 | 5,982 | 34.0 | 10,238 | 7,128 | 69.6 | 3,110 | 30.4 |
1992 | 18,821 | 12,516 | 66.5 | 6,305 | 33.5 | 11,095 | 7,718 | 69.6 | 3,377 | 30.4 |
1993 | 19,954 | 13,303 | 66.7 | 6,651 | 33.3 | 11,960 | 8,398 | 70.2 | 3,562 | 29.8 |
1994 | 21,035 | 13,989 | 66.5 | 7,046 | 33.5 | 12,654 | 8,878 | 70.2 | 3,775 | 29.8 |
1995 | 22,179 | 14,812 | 66.8 | 7,367 | 33.2 | 13,337 | 9,399 | 70.5 | 3,938 | 29.5 |
1996 | 23,055 | 15,481 | 67.1 | 7,574 | 32.9 | 13,847 | 9,868 | 71.3 | 3,978 | 28.7 |
1997 | 24,380 | 16,602 | 68.1 | 7,778 | 31.9 | 14,321 | 10,316 | 72.0 | 4,006 | 28.0 |
1998 | 25,867 | 19,058 | 73.7 | 6,810 | 26.3 | 15,159 | 11,862 | 78.2 | 3,298 | 21.8 |
1999 | 27,544 | 20,450 | 74.2 | 7,094 | 25.8 | 16,112 | 12,746 | 79.1 | 3,365 | 20.9 |
2000 | 30,084 | 22,547 | 74.9 | 7,537 | 25.1 | 17,548 | 13,936 | 79.4 | 3,611 | 20.6 |
2001 | 32,801 | 24,392 | 74.4 | 8,409 | 25.6 | 19,227 | 15,038 | 78.2 | 4,188 | 21.8 |
2002 | 36,383 | 27,363 | 75.2 | 9,019 | 24.8 | 21,856 | 17,262 | 79.0 | 4,593 | 21.0 |
2003 | 40,077 | 30,105 | 75.1 | 9,973 | 24.9 | 24,753 | 19,627 | 79.3 | 5,126 | 20.7 |
2004 | 43,238 | 31,957 | 73.9 | 11,281 | 26.1 | 27,627 | 21,353 | 77.3 | 6,274 | 22.7 |
2005 | 45,774 | 34,353 | 75.0 | 11,421 | 25.0 | 29,187 | 22,885 | 78.4 | 6,302 | 21.6 |
2006 | 47,759 | 36,082 | 75.5 | 11,677 | 24.5 | 30,132 | 23,697 | 78.6 | 6,434 | 21.4 |
2007 | 49,495 | 37,726 | 76.2 | 11,769 | 23.8 | 30,430 | 24,001 | 78.9 | 6,429 | 21.1 |
2008 | 51,872 | 39,322 | 75.8 | 12,550 | 24.2 | 31,272 | 24,430 | 78.1 | 6,842 | 21.9 |
2009 | 54,863 | 40,913 | 74.6 | 13,950 | 25.4 | 32,576 | 25,025 | 76.8 | 7,551 | 23.2 |
Total S&E and non-S&Ea | ||||||||||
2010 | 61,257 | 40,448 | 66.0 | 20,810 | 34.0 | 37,477 | 25,386 | 67.7 | 12,091 | 32.3 |
2011 | 65,274 | 42,525 | 65.1 | 22,749 | 34.9 | 40,771 | 27,097 | 66.5 | 13,674 | 33.5 |
2012 | 65,775 | 41,993 | 63.8 | 23,782 | 36.2 | 40,130 | 26,073 | 65.0 | 14,058 | 35.0 |
na = not applicable; separate data for federally financed basic research, applied research, and development were not collected for these years. |
S&E = science and engineering. |
a Totals for FYs 1953-2009 represent R&D expenditures in S&E fields only. Beginning in FY 2010, totals and character of work data include R&D expenditures in S&E fields and non-S&E fields. |
b FY 1978 data are estimated based on data collected from doctorate-granting institutions only. |
NOTES: Character of work estimation procedure was revised for FY 1998 and later years; hence, these data are not directly comparable with data for FY 1997 and earlier years. Prior to FY 2010, R&D expenditures by character of work were based on percent estimates of basic research provided by universities and colleges. Beginning in FY 2010, institutions were asked for dollar amounts of federally funded and nonfederally funded R&D expenditures for basic research, applied research, and development. Because of rounding, detail may not add to total. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education Research and Development Survey. |
Data from survey cycle FY 2012, as of 30 October 2013. |