All R&D Fieldsa |
16,163,381 |
16,535,021 |
17,578,487 |
18,736,599 |
20,349,436 |
22,012,891 |
23,845,845 |
23,780,298 |
24,503,139 |
25,644,064 |
Science |
12,942,481 |
13,202,607 |
13,973,633 |
14,839,829 |
16,003,317 |
17,367,500 |
18,673,331 |
18,243,230 |
18,579,151 |
19,474,492 |
Computer sciences |
367,573 |
379,594 |
383,347 |
424,572 |
404,851 |
435,018 |
493,568 |
463,837 |
448,032 |
463,756 |
Environmental sciences |
748,174 |
757,262 |
824,563 |
833,101 |
873,884 |
970,834 |
1,032,987 |
978,180 |
977,525 |
974,904 |
Atmospheric sciences |
98,344 |
93,727 |
98,158 |
100,977 |
91,684 |
85,335 |
94,587 |
90,668 |
97,276 |
87,396 |
Earth sciences |
283,913 |
291,272 |
303,933 |
305,785 |
309,560 |
347,460 |
374,356 |
349,906 |
341,496 |
349,737 |
Oceanography |
232,576 |
231,868 |
266,552 |
278,514 |
320,774 |
365,030 |
365,876 |
355,031 |
343,997 |
351,527 |
Environmental sciences, nec |
133,341 |
140,395 |
155,920 |
147,825 |
151,866 |
173,009 |
198,168 |
182,575 |
194,756 |
186,244 |
Life sciences |
9,104,809 |
9,282,234 |
9,912,060 |
10,523,827 |
11,478,799 |
12,533,706 |
13,456,150 |
13,248,207 |
13,667,109 |
14,491,513 |
Agricultural sciences |
1,790,886 |
1,828,450 |
1,812,357 |
1,913,578 |
2,016,151 |
2,133,075 |
2,192,134 |
2,029,713 |
2,070,910 |
2,160,520 |
Biological sciences |
2,365,457 |
2,409,143 |
2,645,464 |
2,802,240 |
3,018,885 |
3,398,797 |
3,524,454 |
3,357,028 |
3,637,685 |
3,875,247 |
Medical sciences |
4,536,764 |
4,647,820 |
4,981,130 |
5,367,676 |
5,990,490 |
6,505,457 |
7,171,918 |
7,199,538 |
7,215,725 |
7,687,458 |
Life sciences, nec |
411,702 |
396,821 |
473,109 |
440,333 |
453,273 |
496,377 |
567,644 |
661,928 |
742,789 |
768,288 |
Mathematical sciences |
133,235 |
130,702 |
148,340 |
157,901 |
164,462 |
172,455 |
178,185 |
176,496 |
181,423 |
184,356 |
Physical sciences |
920,178 |
978,725 |
1,031,490 |
1,113,616 |
1,174,390 |
1,188,880 |
1,319,680 |
1,238,557 |
1,242,134 |
1,237,803 |
Astronomy |
120,540 |
131,120 |
143,457 |
152,532 |
162,059 |
186,001 |
190,501 |
167,264 |
174,961 |
171,586 |
Chemistry |
406,428 |
397,388 |
419,787 |
446,177 |
484,692 |
494,446 |
545,130 |
550,006 |
540,946 |
537,465 |
Physics |
330,056 |
353,339 |
370,322 |
395,731 |
396,045 |
391,733 |
509,085 |
440,721 |
447,582 |
452,447 |
Physical sciences, nec |
63,154 |
96,878 |
97,924 |
119,176 |
131,594 |
116,700 |
74,964 |
80,566 |
78,645 |
76,305 |
Psychology |
216,249 |
196,260 |
215,553 |
246,388 |
269,124 |
290,212 |
316,123 |
319,952 |
321,668 |
321,328 |
Social sciences |
1,005,889 |
978,700 |
987,576 |
993,375 |
1,040,415 |
1,133,696 |
1,226,214 |
1,095,977 |
1,114,492 |
1,134,712 |
Economics |
207,019 |
208,166 |
215,729 |
219,484 |
224,913 |
271,045 |
258,178 |
222,310 |
238,497 |
238,793 |
Political sciences |
206,946 |
195,241 |
210,929 |
210,053 |
213,499 |
214,324 |
231,605 |
221,902 |
221,996 |
248,911 |
Sociology |
188,437 |
173,374 |
176,779 |
183,248 |
190,867 |
200,607 |
206,570 |
193,815 |
200,293 |
212,098 |
Social sciences, nec |
403,487 |
401,919 |
384,139 |
380,590 |
411,136 |
447,720 |
529,861 |
457,950 |
453,706 |
434,910 |
Sciences, nec |
446,374 |
499,130 |
470,704 |
547,049 |
597,392 |
642,699 |
650,424 |
722,024 |
626,768 |
666,120 |
Engineering |
2,381,976 |
2,407,916 |
2,613,775 |
2,787,292 |
3,061,420 |
3,232,661 |
3,613,527 |
3,606,932 |
3,763,621 |
3,856,161 |
Aeronautical and astronautical engineering |
96,282 |
102,508 |
110,040 |
97,676 |
130,995 |
137,873 |
182,439 |
168,243 |
163,256 |
160,497 |
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
123,017 |
134,532 |
164,751 |
182,289 |
218,329 |
237,764 |
262,563 |
273,912 |
303,474 |
327,290 |
Chemical engineering |
205,288 |
224,812 |
210,636 |
240,012 |
276,620 |
314,560 |
336,116 |
399,618 |
426,405 |
403,625 |
Civil engineering |
449,034 |
441,378 |
450,415 |
523,691 |
506,663 |
539,287 |
580,171 |
645,721 |
664,037 |
662,830 |
Electrical engineering |
475,408 |
467,130 |
534,913 |
539,312 |
571,924 |
593,766 |
644,353 |
677,607 |
696,126 |
711,671 |
Mechanical engineering |
288,235 |
287,651 |
309,182 |
362,790 |
430,765 |
425,208 |
443,007 |
506,018 |
523,895 |
514,625 |
Metallurgical and materials engineering |
234,470 |
213,305 |
242,778 |
257,097 |
255,310 |
269,644 |
298,970 |
274,503 |
282,885 |
295,080 |
Engineering, nec |
510,242 |
536,600 |
591,060 |
584,425 |
670,814 |
714,559 |
865,908 |
661,310 |
703,543 |
780,543 |
Non-S&Ea |
838,924 |
924,498 |
991,079 |
1,109,478 |
1,284,699 |
1,412,730 |
1,558,987 |
1,930,136 |
2,160,367 |
2,313,411 |
Business and management |
136,776 |
166,790 |
168,275 |
194,766 |
221,668 |
264,613 |
276,460 |
281,747 |
300,063 |
345,461 |
Communications, journalism, and library science |
38,397 |
48,252 |
49,190 |
54,869 |
59,834 |
60,551 |
77,875 |
88,609 |
99,952 |
106,288 |
Education |
291,174 |
296,452 |
337,359 |
382,580 |
432,043 |
419,977 |
441,405 |
458,498 |
484,610 |
543,596 |
Humanities |
104,597 |
128,850 |
134,406 |
161,047 |
181,612 |
190,623 |
195,041 |
205,260 |
251,044 |
272,200 |
Law |
29,935 |
33,075 |
35,437 |
41,126 |
45,219 |
62,431 |
84,760 |
78,783 |
98,182 |
107,109 |
Social work |
37,465 |
47,089 |
61,570 |
49,308 |
52,883 |
64,821 |
76,384 |
82,943 |
88,931 |
90,105 |
Visual and performing arts |
35,018 |
33,393 |
38,136 |
42,496 |
42,143 |
55,563 |
68,674 |
61,632 |
70,880 |
74,560 |
Non-S&E, nec |
144,931 |
152,807 |
166,565 |
183,285 |
249,187 |
294,023 |
338,388 |
672,664 |
766,705 |
774,092 |