Data
U. Pennsylvania
Field | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All R&D fields | 1,791,311 | 1,631,950 | 1,579,364 | 1,506,285 | 1,441,931 | 1,374,293 | 1,296,429 | 864,068 | 828,350 | 828,422 | ||||||||||
Science | 1,545,690 | 1,403,617 | 1,350,669 | 1,290,393 | 1,236,717 | 1,183,407 | 1,079,467 | 782,618 | 745,969 | 742,083 | ||||||||||
Computer and information sciences | 29,513 | 27,396 | 26,318 | 26,968 | 23,703 | 20,149 | 17,589 | 13,751 | 15,453 | 18,373 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences | 1,856 | 1,929 | 1,760 | 2,455 | 1,266 | 1,935 | 1,724 | 1,359 | 1,976 | 3,697 | ||||||||||
Atmospheric science and meteorology | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geological and earth sciences | 1,856 | 1,929 | 1,760 | 2,455 | 1,266 | 1,935 | 1,724 | 1,270 | 1,976 | 3,697 | ||||||||||
Ocean sciences and marine sciences | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 89 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Geosciences, atmospheric sciences, and ocean sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences | 1,364,745 | 1,243,966 | 1,185,719 | 1,125,634 | 1,070,969 | 1,022,472 | 942,243 | 680,065 | 655,541 | 646,852 | ||||||||||
Agricultural sciences | 1,000 | 1,003 | 1,140 | 926 | 945 | 918 | 620 | 172 | 202 | 209 | ||||||||||
Biological and biomedical sciences | 936,939 | 835,864 | 780,497 | 743,835 | 727,296 | 692,343 | 628,134 | 205,927 | 204,651 | 205,395 | ||||||||||
Health sciences | 352,904 | 329,713 | 326,566 | 301,611 | 270,535 | 262,444 | 247,503 | 463,167 | 440,513 | 429,798 | ||||||||||
Natural resources and conservation | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Life sciences, not elsewhere classified | 73,902 | 77,386 | 77,516 | 79,262 | 72,193 | 66,767 | 65,986 | 10,799 | 10,175 | 11,450 | ||||||||||
Mathematics and statistics | 8,921 | 8,637 | 6,817 | 7,432 | 5,975 | 7,373 | 6,173 | 3,294 | 2,806 | 3,617 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences | 67,341 | 59,246 | 58,157 | 60,150 | 55,476 | 46,244 | 39,426 | 29,134 | 25,561 | 27,877 | ||||||||||
Astronomy and astrophysics | 1,664 | 1,305 | 1,579 | 1,375 | 1,486 | 1,421 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Chemistry | 25,511 | 23,124 | 21,246 | 20,121 | 18,743 | 15,403 | 13,506 | 10,595 | 9,423 | 11,780 | ||||||||||
Materials science | 15,712 | 14,089 | 13,961 | 14,848 | 12,145 | 6,604 | 6,055 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Physics | 24,454 | 20,728 | 21,371 | 23,806 | 23,102 | 22,816 | 19,865 | 18,539 | 16,138 | 16,097 | ||||||||||
Physical sciences, not elsewhere classified | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Psychology | 16,035 | 15,250 | 15,854 | 14,222 | 18,872 | 21,397 | 20,638 | 22,774 | 14,926 | 14,512 | ||||||||||
Social sciences | 53,759 | 46,021 | 51,374 | 49,088 | 49,776 | 48,579 | 41,676 | 25,956 | 24,786 | 23,945 | ||||||||||
Anthropology | 1,484 | 1,378 | 1,167 | 872 | 959 | 1,491 | 729 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Economics | 5,988 | 5,756 | 6,148 | 5,980 | 5,541 | 4,977 | 3,986 | 1,242 | 1,188 | 1,244 | ||||||||||
Political science and government | 3,393 | 3,782 | 4,260 | 4,705 | 4,360 | 2,015 | 191 | 4,512 | 3,954 | 3,609 | ||||||||||
Sociology, demography, and population studies | 22,405 | 19,644 | 23,377 | 22,400 | 23,300 | 21,052 | 20,400 | 5,378 | 7,943 | 6,770 | ||||||||||
Social sciences, not elsewhere classified | 20,489 | 15,461 | 16,422 | 15,131 | 15,616 | 19,044 | 16,370 | 14,824 | 11,701 | 12,322 | ||||||||||
Sciences, not elsewhere classified | 3,520 | 1,172 | 4,670 | 4,444 | 10,680 | 15,258 | 9,998 | 6,285 | 4,920 | 3,210 | ||||||||||
Engineering | 106,282 | 88,937 | 82,299 | 78,444 | 67,574 | 64,279 | 61,366 | 46,031 | 46,345 | 48,182 | ||||||||||
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering | 30,184 | 25,127 | 20,457 | 22,871 | 19,199 | 15,979 | 15,886 | 10,898 | 8,969 | 10,418 | ||||||||||
Chemical engineering | 9,817 | 10,192 | 9,194 | 10,328 | 9,682 | 9,911 | 7,468 | 4,383 | 4,152 | 4,846 | ||||||||||
Civil engineering | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Electrical, electronic, and communications engineering | 23,441 | 19,676 | 16,788 | 15,628 | 14,338 | 14,850 | 18,657 | 14,673 | 15,633 | 14,358 | ||||||||||
Industrial and manufacturing engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Mechanical engineering | 24,366 | 20,591 | 22,352 | 20,673 | 15,403 | 15,212 | 11,719 | 8,333 | 6,509 | 6,324 | ||||||||||
Metallurgical and materials engineering | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6,625 | 8,811 | 9,382 | ||||||||||
Engineering not elsewhere classified | 18,462 | 13,351 | 13,508 | 8,944 | 8,952 | 8,327 | 7,636 | 1,119 | 2,271 | 2,854 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E | 139,339 | 139,396 | 146,396 | 137,448 | 137,640 | 126,607 | 155,596 | 35,419 | 36,036 | 38,157 | ||||||||||
Business management and business administration | 80,722 | 84,856 | 89,756 | 75,828 | 76,729 | 63,576 | 47,397 | 10,454 | 11,728 | 15,047 | ||||||||||
Communication and communications technologies | 8,837 | 7,313 | 6,079 | 5,222 | 7,018 | 8,989 | 8,564 | 7,038 | 6,710 | 4,413 | ||||||||||
Education | 13,885 | 14,518 | 16,188 | 19,993 | 18,519 | 18,428 | 14,214 | 7,212 | 7,997 | 7,786 | ||||||||||
Humanities | 10,078 | 7,361 | 9,065 | 8,913 | 8,308 | 7,673 | 3,903 | 3,078 | 2,800 | 4,058 | ||||||||||
Law | 12,920 | 11,239 | 12,632 | 14,634 | 13,091 | 15,628 | 13,299 | 2,083 | 1,726 | 1,828 | ||||||||||
Social work | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4,298 | 3,494 | 3,573 | ||||||||||
Visual and performing arts | 3,622 | 3,076 | 2,918 | 3,099 | 3,196 | 2,985 | 3,709 | 1,256 | 1,581 | 1,452 | ||||||||||
Non-S&E, not elsewhere classified | 9,275 | 11,033 | 9,758 | 9,759 | 10,779 | 9,328 | 64,510 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NOTES:
- . = data were not collected at this level or institution was not eligible to participate for this survey year.
- Prior to FY 2016, expenditures for natural resources and conservation, materials science, anthropology, and industrial and manufacturing engineering were not collected separately. R&D expenditures in agricultural sciences decreased in FY 2016 because a number of disciplines previously reported in that field are now reported separately under natural resources and conservation.
SOURCE: National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education R&D Survey