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Table 5. Higher education R&D expenditures, by R&D field: FYs 2004–13
(Dollars in thousands)
Field 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
All R&D fieldsa 44,838,918 47,535,201 49,645,341 51,590,017 54,113,750 57,288,415 61,257,398 65,282,162 65,744,254 67,041,154
    Science 36,923,372 39,030,577 40,663,615 41,977,651 43,914,300 46,214,473 49,031,326 51,961,223 51,929,591 52,665,962
        Computer sciences 1,403,957 1,404,105 1,443,055 1,430,660 1,471,454 1,600,447 1,637,931 1,740,303 1,820,430 2,068,193
        Environmental sciences 2,353,383 2,554,468 2,601,097 2,681,473 2,798,750 2,923,404 2,991,911 3,159,392 3,179,113 3,199,157
            Atmospheric sciences 414,583 460,020 507,583 446,184 423,055 416,826 429,355 480,884 476,379 493,687
            Earth sciences 827,988 919,718 897,499 910,886 950,631 1,019,429 1,085,000 1,139,997 1,166,163 1,164,119
            Oceanography 778,841 812,061 839,504 992,484 1,051,136 1,077,634 1,021,961 1,049,541 1,025,282 1,052,263
            Environmental sciences, nec 331,971 362,669 356,511 331,919 373,928 409,515 455,595 488,970 511,289 489,088
        Life sciences 25,948,910 27,604,138 28,803,658 29,805,328 31,192,916 32,778,944 34,949,394 37,324,082 37,187,306 37,585,200
            Agricultural sciences 2,695,390 2,656,770 2,796,961 2,913,260 2,995,518 3,055,512 2,986,458 3,112,217 3,296,781 3,354,198
            Biological sciences 8,152,337 8,843,679 9,049,032 9,207,593 9,760,099 10,146,059 10,934,309 11,842,985 11,647,067 11,725,053
            Medical sciences 14,036,843 14,877,626 15,805,806 16,553,616 17,254,161 18,229,453 19,270,320 20,401,843 20,283,932 20,426,577
            Life sciences, nec 1,064,340 1,226,063 1,151,859 1,130,859 1,183,138 1,347,920 1,758,307 1,967,037 1,959,526 2,079,372
        Mathematical sciences 448,466 494,282 532,832 573,070 619,854 546,915 594,254 640,318 674,200 670,988
        Physical sciences 3,546,916 3,702,783 3,813,770 3,863,269 3,931,833 4,282,795 4,621,945 4,782,584 4,724,222 4,646,023
            Astronomy 420,391 454,354 469,955 467,604 539,112 578,406 572,517 583,098 706,006 558,467
            Chemistry 1,318,137 1,371,984 1,414,311 1,460,415 1,486,721 1,582,562 1,749,897 1,784,665 1,750,134 1,706,470
            Physics 1,522,056 1,596,290 1,611,248 1,615,766 1,606,997 1,869,890 1,998,184 2,121,738 1,998,915 2,093,374
            Physical sciences, nec 286,332 280,155 318,256 319,484 299,003 251,937 301,347 293,083 269,167 287,712
        Psychology 782,464 825,009 875,641 872,547 925,069 972,319 1,078,419 1,158,638 1,188,397 1,151,702
        Social sciences 1,674,842 1,684,610 1,706,003 1,803,115 1,949,741 2,080,953 1,996,708 2,064,104 2,053,548 2,170,024
            Economics 317,210 324,685 339,800 349,313 398,730 379,720 349,862 387,314 383,859 407,157
            Political sciences 307,351 323,053 317,044 348,310 339,294 368,887 374,444 370,307 390,145 426,837
            Sociology 355,145 370,468 399,697 397,748 403,226 408,444 420,271 432,795 459,396 480,943
            Social sciences, nec 695,136 666,404 649,462 707,744 808,491 923,902 852,131 873,688 820,148 855,087
        Sciences, nec 764,434 761,182 887,559 948,189 1,024,683 1,028,696 1,160,764 1,091,802 1,102,375 1,174,675
    Engineering 6,314,421 6,743,373 7,095,085 7,517,262 7,957,504 8,648,525 9,328,730 10,039,932 10,292,014 10,728,685
        Aeronautical and astronautical engineering 436,567 445,170 385,254 471,097 537,251 613,828 635,234 667,767 662,449 689,535
        Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 370,149 419,625 477,119 539,137 601,908 648,099 744,124 816,842 871,367 885,487
        Chemical engineering 492,836 505,975 560,005 598,944 655,603 695,842 820,941 918,272 908,094 909,377
        Civil engineering 788,877 787,548 858,346 862,260 924,620 980,451 1,106,954 1,209,470 1,233,834 1,295,907
        Electrical engineering 1,437,893 1,581,700 1,615,996 1,636,983 1,704,953 1,844,482 2,053,479 2,209,781 2,314,629 2,413,861
        Mechanical engineering 874,933 935,302 1,048,506 1,126,726 1,162,428 1,243,910 1,460,936 1,558,093 1,551,399 1,647,297
        Metallurgical and materials engineering 565,367 612,016 643,244 632,941 646,523 688,225 703,915 738,056 757,136 812,011
        Engineering, nec 1,347,799 1,456,037 1,506,615 1,649,174 1,724,218 1,933,688 1,803,147 1,921,651 1,993,106 2,075,210
    Non-S&Ea 1,601,125 1,761,251 1,886,641 2,095,104 2,241,946 2,425,417 2,897,342 3,281,007 3,522,649 3,646,507
        Business and management 216,807 220,187 247,335 276,280 329,931 343,916 368,242 399,864 442,629 476,224
        Communications, journalism, and library science 73,732 75,582 84,784 90,832 89,203 107,484 129,891 153,546 159,724 148,771
        Education 711,323 766,416 819,004 905,247 868,830 915,976 994,518 1,116,383 1,231,793 1,218,387
        Humanities 168,541 192,309 217,263 241,683 246,713 255,289 262,769 312,589 339,405 389,155
        Law 52,671 63,118 69,387 74,809 90,907 107,966 98,122 124,810 131,506 173,599
        Social work 74,557 87,344 89,993 93,540 123,984 138,283 177,376 194,728 199,359 212,237
        Visual and performing arts 37,750 42,135 46,100 46,155 59,285 72,867 66,465 77,166 84,373 88,090
        Non-S&E, nec 242,336 314,019 312,774 366,448 432,965 483,636 799,959 901,921 933,860 940,044

nec = not elsewhere classified; S&E = science and engineering.
a Prior to FY 2010, some institution totals for all fields of R&D expenditures may be lower-bound estimates because the National Science Foundation did not attempt to estimate for nonresponse on non-S&E R&D expenditures item prior to FY 2010.
NOTE: Non-S&E detailed field data may not sum to total non-S&E R&D expenditures because some institutions reporting non-S&E R&D expenditures did not break out total and federal funds by non-S&E fields.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Higher Education Research and Development Survey.
Data from survey cycle FY 2013, as of 31 July 2014.