Table 15-1. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and primary or secondary work activity: 2010 |
Field | All employed | R&D | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total |
Any R&D | Applied research |
Basic research |
Design |
Development |
Computer applications |
Management, sales, or administrationa |
Professional services |
Teaching |
Other work activityb |
||||||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 692,900 | 1,750 | 430,400 | 2,300 | 238,400 | 2,050 | 157,700 | 1,900 | 44,800 | 1,050 | 98,600 | 1,500 | 57,600 | 1,200 | 280,400 | 2,200 | 110,800 | 1,650 | 208,100 | 2,150 | 56,900 | 1,150 |
Science | 536,200 | 1,700 | 320,100 | 2,150 | 174,200 | 1,850 | 140,300 | 1,850 | 22,600 | 950 | 56,800 | 1,200 | 37,500 | 950 | 218,100 | 2,050 | 97,500 | 1,550 | 174,500 | 2,000 | 43,700 | 1,000 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 175,700 | 950 | 117,200 | 1,300 | 64,600 | 1,150 | 60,900 | 1,150 | 4,100 | 350 | 18,500 | 750 | 5,600 | 400 | 79,600 | 1,100 | 25,800 | 850 | 47,000 | 1,000 | 13,500 | 650 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 17,900 | 500 | 12,300 | 550 | 8,900 | 500 | 2,800 | 300 | 500 | 150 | 3,600 | 300 | 400 | 150 | 9,100 | 450 | 1,200 | 200 | 4,200 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,100 | 750 | 18,700 | 650 | 8,800 | 500 | 11,000 | 550 | 600 | 150 | 3,800 | 350 | 1,100 | 200 | 12,600 | 600 | 3,700 | 350 | 6,100 | 450 | 2,000 | 250 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,000 | 700 | 14,100 | 650 | 6,400 | 450 | 9,000 | 550 | 400 | 150 | 2,100 | 300 | 500 | 150 | 10,200 | 600 | 3,300 | 250 | 4,800 | 350 | 1,200 | 250 |
Environmental life sciences | 7,300 | 350 | 5,000 | 350 | 4,200 | 300 | 1,100 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 3,000 | 250 | 500 | 150 | 2,300 | 300 | 700 | 150 |
Microbiology | 12,200 | 550 | 7,800 | 450 | 4,300 | 350 | 4,000 | 300 | 400 | 150 | 1,300 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 5,600 | 400 | 2,000 | 250 | 3,200 | 300 | 900 | 200 |
Zoology | 10,000 | 500 | 6,100 | 400 | 3,100 | 300 | 3,400 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 700 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 4,700 | 400 | 1,100 | 200 | 3,900 | 350 | 800 | 200 |
Other biological sciences | 80,100 | 1,150 | 53,200 | 900 | 28,900 | 850 | 29,600 | 850 | 1,600 | 250 | 6,300 | 400 | 2,700 | 300 | 34,500 | 850 | 14,000 | 700 | 22,400 | 800 | 6,000 | 450 |
Computer/ information sciences | 19,000 | 300 | 13,000 | 400 | 7,400 | 400 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 3,200 | 300 | 7,100 | 450 | 5,500 | 300 | 700 | 150 | 5,500 | 350 | 1,100 | 200 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,000 | 450 | 21,000 | 500 | 9,300 | 400 | 9,200 | 400 | 2,500 | 300 | 2,700 | 350 | 6,800 | 450 | 8,100 | 500 | 1,700 | 200 | 15,900 | 550 | 2,200 | 250 |
Physical sciences | 120,100 | 900 | 81,300 | 1,000 | 43,100 | 950 | 31,400 | 800 | 10,500 | 600 | 23,500 | 800 | 13,000 | 550 | 46,800 | 950 | 7,800 | 500 | 31,500 | 950 | 10,800 | 550 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 4,700 | 400 | 3,500 | 400 | 900 | 200 | 2,400 | 300 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 1,300 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 | D | D | 1,500 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 60,500 | 650 | 39,700 | 800 | 23,500 | 800 | 12,700 | 550 | 3,500 | 350 | 15,200 | 650 | 2,200 | 250 | 26,400 | 750 | 4,700 | 400 | 15,200 | 700 | 5,800 | 400 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesc | 19,100 | 350 | 13,600 | 450 | 7,900 | 450 | 6,900 | 300 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,500 | 200 | 2,000 | 250 | 6,500 | 350 | 800 | 150 | 6,200 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 |
Physics | 35,700 | 500 | 24,500 | 550 | 10,800 | 500 | 9,300 | 400 | 5,300 | 400 | 6,500 | 450 | 7,600 | 450 | 12,500 | 500 | 2,200 | 250 | 8,600 | 550 | 2,400 | 250 |
Psychology | 102,400 | 750 | 36,100 | 850 | 21,900 | 700 | 11,800 | 550 | 1,800 | 250 | 4,800 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 | 45,500 | 1,050 | 52,400 | 1,000 | 29,200 | 850 | 7,200 | 450 |
Social sciences | 87,000 | 750 | 51,600 | 900 | 27,900 | 750 | 23,900 | 750 | 1,900 | 250 | 4,100 | 350 | 2,800 | 250 | 32,600 | 800 | 9,100 | 550 | 45,400 | 900 | 8,900 | 450 |
Economics | 23,200 | 400 | 15,200 | 450 | 10,600 | 450 | 5,300 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | 8,500 | 400 | 3,100 | 350 | 9,800 | 450 | 1,800 | 250 |
Political sciences | 20,100 | 550 | 11,100 | 550 | 5,200 | 400 | 5,800 | 400 | 300 | 150 | 800 | 200 | 400 | 150 | 7,900 | 450 | 1,600 | 250 | 11,100 | 500 | 2,300 | 300 |
Sociology | 14,900 | 450 | 8,700 | 450 | 4,200 | 300 | 4,700 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 5,300 | 350 | 1,300 | 200 | 8,800 | 400 | 1,700 | 200 |
Other social sciences | 28,800 | 700 | 16,500 | 600 | 8,000 | 400 | 8,000 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 1,600 | 250 | 700 | 150 | 10,900 | 550 | 3,100 | 300 | 15,800 | 550 | 3,200 | 300 |
Engineering | 125,500 | 800 | 92,900 | 1,100 | 51,300 | 1,150 | 13,700 | 650 | 21,300 | 650 | 39,000 | 900 | 19,100 | 750 | 49,000 | 1,000 | 6,800 | 450 | 21,300 | 800 | 10,300 | 550 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,100 | 450 | 4,100 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 | 800 | 150 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,600 | 250 | 900 | 200 | 1,800 | 250 | 100 | 100 | 500 | 150 | 300 | 100 |
Chemical engineering | 15,700 | 650 | 11,100 | 600 | 6,200 | 450 | 1,500 | 250 | 2,300 | 300 | 5,500 | 450 | 1,500 | 250 | 6,700 | 450 | 1,200 | 200 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 |
Civil engineering | 10,900 | 550 | 7,700 | 450 | 4,600 | 350 | 1,100 | 200 | 2,300 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 4,600 | 400 | 1,000 | 200 | 2,600 | 300 | 800 | 200 |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 36,700 | 400 | 27,800 | 500 | 14,200 | 600 | 2,800 | 300 | 6,700 | 400 | 13,000 | 500 | 8,600 | 450 | 12,900 | 450 | 1,300 | 200 | 6,100 | 450 | 3,100 | 300 |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 12,600 | 650 | 9,300 | 500 | 5,100 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,400 | 250 | 5,000 | 400 | 500 | 150 | 5,800 | 450 | 500 | 150 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,400 | 250 |
Mechanical engineering | 18,000 | 700 | 13,500 | 650 | 6,700 | 450 | 1,900 | 250 | 3,900 | 400 | 6,100 | 450 | 2,800 | 300 | 6,900 | 450 | 900 | 200 | 3,000 | 300 | 1,300 | 250 |
Other engineering | 26,600 | 850 | 19,300 | 750 | 12,300 | 650 | 3,800 | 350 | 3,400 | 350 | 6,200 | 450 | 3,700 | 400 | 10,200 | 550 | 1,900 | 300 | 5,800 | 450 | 1,800 | 300 |
Health | 31,200 | 350 | 17,400 | 500 | 12,900 | 500 | 3,800 | 300 | 900 | 150 | 2,800 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 | 13,200 | 450 | 6,500 | 400 | 12,300 | 400 | 2,900 | 300 |
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. SE = standard error. |
a Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources. |
b Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately. |
c Includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. Primary and secondary work activities were based on response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |