Table 26-1. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary or secondary work activity and sector of employment: 2010 |
Total | 4-year educational institutiona | Other educational institutionb | Private, for-profitc | Private, nonprofit | Federal government | State or local government | Self-employedd | Other sectore | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
Doctorate recipient | 692,900 | 1,750 | 289,400 | 2,600 | 24,700 | 800 | 223,900 | 2,000 | 45,100 | 1,150 | 48,700 | 1,150 | 17,300 | 750 | 41,700 | 1,100 | 2,000 | 250 |
Sex Male |
472,700 | 1,400 | 187,900 | 2,100 | 13,000 | 650 | 175,600 | 1,800 | 26,700 | 850 | 32,900 | 900 | 10,600 | 650 | 24,700 | 900 | 1,200 | 200 |
Female | 220,200 | 1,050 | 101,400 | 1,300 | 11,700 | 550 | 48,300 | 950 | 18,400 | 650 | 15,800 | 600 | 6,700 | 450 | 17,000 | 700 | 800 | 150 |
Ethnicity and race Hispanic or Latinof |
23,500 | 350 | 11,600 | 350 | 1,200 | 150 | 5,800 | 300 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,400 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 1,100 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Not Hispanic or Latinog American Indian or Alaska Native |
1,500 | 150 | 700 | 150 | D | D | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Asian | 134,600 | 900 | 45,800 | 1,100 | 2,000 | 250 | 66,800 | 1,100 | 6,500 | 450 | 7,400 | 400 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,700 | 300 | 500 | 150 |
Black or African American | 22,300 | 350 | 10,900 | 350 | 1,800 | 200 | 4,600 | 300 | 1,100 | 150 | 1,900 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 1,000 | 200 | 100 | 50 |
White | 502,300 | 1,700 | 216,400 | 2,300 | 19,600 | 750 | 143,900 | 1,700 | 35,300 | 1,050 | 37,300 | 1,100 | 12,200 | 650 | 36,500 | 1,100 | 1,300 | 250 |
Other raceh | 8,800 | 300 | 4,000 | 250 | 200 | 100 | 2,400 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Age Under 35 |
76,400 | 950 | 36,000 | 850 | 1,700 | 200 | 26,600 | 750 | 5,100 | 400 | 5,400 | 400 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
35-39 | 88,900 | 1,300 | 40,700 | 1,000 | 2,000 | 250 | 31,300 | 900 | 5,200 | 400 | 6,300 | 450 | 1,700 | 250 | 1,600 | 200 | 100 | 50 |
40-44 | 91,900 | 1,300 | 37,700 | 1,050 | 3,000 | 300 | 34,300 | 800 | 5,600 | 400 | 6,000 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 | 2,900 | 350 | 400 | 100 |
45-49 | 92,900 | 1,250 | 36,200 | 950 | 2,900 | 300 | 36,000 | 850 | 6,100 | 450 | 5,800 | 450 | 2,100 | 300 | 3,300 | 350 | 400 | 150 |
50-54 | 95,500 | 1,300 | 38,800 | 1,000 | 4,400 | 350 | 31,500 | 800 | 6,500 | 400 | 6,900 | 500 | 2,300 | 300 | 4,900 | 400 | 200 | 100 |
55-59 | 92,200 | 1,650 | 37,500 | 1,000 | 3,800 | 350 | 25,400 | 850 | 6,800 | 450 | 7,500 | 450 | 3,700 | 400 | 7,200 | 450 | 300 | 100 |
60-64 | 80,800 | 1,450 | 33,200 | 900 | 4,400 | 400 | 20,100 | 800 | 5,200 | 400 | 5,900 | 400 | 3,000 | 300 | 8,800 | 550 | 200 | 100 |
65-75 | 74,200 | 1,150 | 29,200 | 900 | 2,500 | 250 | 18,800 | 700 | 4,600 | 400 | 4,900 | 400 | 1,700 | 250 | 12,300 | 600 | 200 | 100 |
Citizenship status U.S. citizen |
603,800 | 1,900 | 249,300 | 2,350 | 23,400 | 750 | 185,500 | 1,850 | 40,800 | 1,100 | 46,600 | 1,150 | 16,200 | 700 | 40,700 | 1,100 | 1,300 | 200 |
Non-U.S. citizen | 89,200 | 950 | 40,100 | 1,000 | 1,400 | 250 | 38,400 | 900 | 4,300 | 400 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 700 | 150 |
Citizenship status, detailed Native born, U.S. citizen |
496,800 | 1,700 | 214,000 | 2,100 | 20,800 | 700 | 137,100 | 1,550 | 35,400 | 1,000 | 38,800 | 1,050 | 13,000 | 650 | 36,600 | 1,050 | 1,000 | 200 |
Naturalized, U.S. citizen | 107,000 | 1,200 | 35,200 | 800 | 2,500 | 250 | 48,400 | 1,050 | 5,400 | 400 | 7,800 | 500 | 3,200 | 300 | 4,100 | 400 | 300 | 100 |
Permanent resident, non-U.S. citizen | 59,800 | 1,050 | 26,000 | 850 | 1,200 | 200 | 26,800 | 900 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,200 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 100 | 50 |
Temporary resident, non-U.S. citizen | 29,400 | 700 | 14,000 | 650 | 200 | 100 | 11,600 | 500 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 400 | 100 | D | D | 600 | 150 |
Years since doctorate ≤ 5 |
136,400 | 650 | 65,800 | 1,000 | 4,500 | 350 | 42,100 | 900 | 9,000 | 500 | 10,000 | 550 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
6–10 | 108,100 | 800 | 48,100 | 950 | 3,400 | 350 | 35,600 | 850 | 7,500 | 450 | 7,600 | 550 | 2,600 | 250 | 3,000 | 300 | 300 | 100 |
11–15 | 106,400 | 800 | 39,800 | 900 | 4,400 | 350 | 40,200 | 800 | 6,800 | 450 | 7,500 | 500 | 2,700 | 350 | 4,700 | 400 | 300 | 100 |
16–20 | 92,100 | 800 | 35,700 | 800 | 3,900 | 350 | 32,300 | 800 | 5,900 | 400 | 5,800 | 450 | 2,500 | 300 | 5,700 | 450 | 400 | 100 |
21–25 | 75,000 | 800 | 30,400 | 900 | 2,800 | 300 | 23,000 | 750 | 5,400 | 400 | 5,800 | 400 | 2,300 | 300 | 5,000 | 350 | 200 | 100 |
> 25 | 175,000 | 1,500 | 69,600 | 1,250 | 5,800 | 450 | 50,700 | 1,150 | 10,500 | 650 | 12,100 | 650 | 4,500 | 400 | 21,300 | 800 | 400 | 150 |
Primary or secondary work activityi Any R&D |
430,400 | 2,300 | 198,900 | 2,200 | 4,300 | 300 | 146,500 | 1,700 | 25,700 | 850 | 33,900 | 1,000 | 7,300 | 500 | 12,400 | 600 | 1,300 | 200 |
Applied research | 238,400 | 2,050 | 96,600 | 1,600 | 1,800 | 250 | 84,800 | 1,500 | 16,600 | 700 | 24,800 | 850 | 5,400 | 400 | 7,500 | 450 | 1,000 | 200 |
Basic research | 157,700 | 1,900 | 118,300 | 1,650 | 1,400 | 200 | 12,300 | 550 | 9,200 | 500 | 12,800 | 600 | 1,400 | 200 | 2,000 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Design | 44,800 | 1,050 | 5,300 | 400 | 300 | 100 | 30,500 | 900 | 2,400 | 300 | 3,100 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 | 2,200 | 300 | D | D |
Development | 98,600 | 1,500 | 10,300 | 550 | 1,100 | 200 | 71,500 | 1,450 | 4,500 | 350 | 5,500 | 450 | 1,100 | 200 | 4,200 | 350 | 300 | 100 |
Computer applications | 57,600 | 1,200 | 11,200 | 650 | 500 | 150 | 34,800 | 1,000 | 3,100 | 300 | 4,000 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 2,200 | 250 | S | S |
Management, sales, or administrationj | 280,400 | 2,200 | 88,600 | 1,700 | 8,200 | 500 | 108,100 | 1,650 | 24,300 | 900 | 23,100 | 800 | 9,800 | 550 | 17,300 | 800 | 1,000 | 200 |
Professional services | 110,800 | 1,650 | 19,500 | 800 | 3,800 | 400 | 36,500 | 950 | 12,200 | 550 | 7,600 | 450 | 5,400 | 400 | 25,500 | 850 | 300 | 100 |
Teaching | 208,100 | 2,150 | 171,800 | 2,000 | 18,300 | 650 | 6,600 | 450 | 4,200 | 350 | 2,400 | 300 | 1,300 | 250 | 3,400 | 350 | D | D |
Other work activityk | 56,900 | 1,150 | 19,100 | 700 | 3,100 | 350 | 17,200 | 700 | 4,500 | 350 | 5,700 | 400 | 2,300 | 300 | 4,500 | 350 | 300 | 100 |
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business. d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business. e Includes employers not broken out separately. |
f Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. g American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. h Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. i Primary and secondary work activities were based on response to the question: On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job? Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. j Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources. k Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |