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Table 42. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and sector of employment: 2010
 

Occupation             All employed 4-year educational institutiona Other educational institutionb Private, for-profitc Private, nonprofit Federal government State or local government Self-employedd Other sectore
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All occupations 692,900 1,750 289,400 2,600 24,700 800 223,900 2,000 45,100 1,150 48,700 1,150 17,300 750 41,700 1,100 2,000 250
Science occupations 399,800 2,250 198,200 2,100 14,000 600 98,100 1,500 23,200 850 31,400 950 9,000 550 24,800 900 1,200 200
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists 124,800 1,450 68,900 1,200 3,300 350 26,900 800 8,600 500 12,200 550 2,200 300 2,500 300 200 100
Agricultural/ food scientists 9,000 500 2,400 250 D D 4,000 350 200 100 1,500 200 200 100 600 150 D D
Biochemists/ biophysicists 13,400 650 5,500 400 200 100 5,300 450 1,100 200 900 200 D D 400 100 D D
Biological scientists 19,700 700 8,000 500 D D 3,400 300 2,100 250 4,600 350 800 150 500 150 D D
Forestry/ conservation scientists 1,700 250 400 150 D D 200 100 300 100 600 150 100 100 100 100 D D
Medical scientists 36,600 1,000 14,800 700 100 50 12,000 550 4,300 350 3,900 350 800 150 700 150 D D
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences 6,600 400 6,300 400 300 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 32,500 900 29,800 850 2,700 250 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists 5,300 350 1,700 250 D D 2,000 250 700 150 600 150 200 100 200 100 D D
Computer/ information scientists 38,800 850 9,900 500 300 150 24,200 750 1,500 250 1,100 200 600 150 1,100 200 D D
Computer/ information scientists 31,100 850 2,400 300 D D 24,200 750 1,500 250 1,100 200 600 150 1,100 200 D D
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 7,700 450 7,500 450 200 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 29,700 700 17,800 550 1,400 200 6,800 450 1,300 250 1,800 250 300 100 400 150 D D
Mathematical scientists 13,200 600 2,500 300 D D 6,800 450 1,300 250 1,800 250 300 100 400 150 D D
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics 16,600 550 15,300 550 1,300 200 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Physical scientists 79,600 1,150 37,300 900 3,300 300 24,000 850 3,500 300 8,500 450 1,500 250 1,400 250 100 100
Chemists, except biochemists 21,800 800 2,300 250 D D 15,700 700 800 200 2,100 250 600 150 300 100 D D
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists 10,800 500 2,700 300 D D 2,900 300 900 150 3,000 300 600 150 600 150 D D
Physicists/ astronomers 12,900 500 3,700 350 D D 4,500 400 1,400 250 2,600 300 200 100 400 150 D D
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 14,700 650 12,500 600 2,100 250 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, physics 9,000 500 8,300 450 800 150 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 7,700 450 7,400 450 300 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other physical scientists 2,500 300 300 100 D D 1,000 200 200 100 800 150 D D D D D D
Psychologists 69,700 900 22,900 700 3,900 350 11,900 600 5,500 400 4,300 400 3,500 350 17,700 750 D D
Psychologists 51,200 950 5,800 350 2,600 300 11,900 600 5,500 350 4,300 400 3,500 350 17,700 750 D D
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 18,400 650 17,100 700 1,300 200 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social scientists 57,200 950 41,400 800 1,800 250 4,300 350 2,900 300 3,600 350 900 200 1,700 250 700 150
Economists 7,400 450 1,000 200 D D 2,000 250 900 150 2,100 250 200 100 600 200 500 150
Political scientists 1,000 200 400 150 D D D D 200 100 100 100 D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, economics 8,900 500 8,500 500 400 150 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, political science 9,300 450 9,000 450 400 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 7,500 400 7,000 350 500 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 12,800 550 12,400 500 400 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Sociologists/ anthropologists 3,100 300 1,200 200 D D 400 100 300 100 700 150 200 100 300 150 D D
Other social scientists 7,100 500 1,900 250 100 100 1,900 250 1,500 250 600 150 400 150 700 200 D D
Engineering occupations 89,000 1,200 26,800 900 300 100 48,600 1,050 3,000 300 5,700 450 1,800 200 2,600 300 200 100
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers 5,600 450 300 100 D D 3,200 350 600 150 1,300 200 100 100 200 100 D D
Chemical engineers 7,900 450 600 150 D D 6,600 450 100 100 300 100 D D 200 100 D D
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers 4,500 400 500 150 D D 2,300 300 100 100 300 100 900 200 300 100 D D
Electrical engineers 19,000 700 1,500 250 D D 14,900 650 800 150 1,200 200 D D 500 200 D D
Industrial engineersf 1,000 200 D D D D 700 200 D D 200 100 D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 9,100 600 800 200 D D 7,100 500 200 100 600 150 D D 300 100 D D
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 20,400 700 20,100 700 200 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other engineersf 21,400 700 2,800 300 D D 13,800 600 1,200 200 1,800 250 500 150 1,100 200 D D
S&E-related occupations 78,900 1,250 27,000 800 4,900 400 25,900 850 8,400 450 6,700 400 3,300 300 2,400 300 200 100
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 22,900 800 5,200 400 300 100 7,700 550 4,300 350 2,300 250 1,000 200 1,900 250 100 100
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 18,300 700 17,900 700 400 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
S&E managers, including health 28,400 850 3,100 300 D D 15,300 700 3,800 350 4,000 350 2,000 250 200 100 D D
S&E precollege teachers 4,300 350 D D 4,200 350 D D D D D D D D D D D D
S&E technicians and technologists 4,600 350 700 150 D D 2,700 300 300 100 300 100 200 100 300 100 D D
Other S&E-related occupations 400 150 D D D D 300 100 D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 125,200 1,800 37,300 1,050 5,500 400 51,300 1,200 10,500 600 4,900 400 3,200 350 11,900 650 500 150
Arts/ humanities-related occupations 6,300 400 700 150 D D 2,200 250 600 150 100 100 D D 2,500 300 D D
Management-related occupations 23,500 900 2,300 250 400 100 12,400 650 2,200 300 2,300 250 1,100 200 2,700 300 D D
Non-S&E managers 53,100 1,250 16,800 700 1,900 250 25,000 850 4,700 400 1,300 200 1,100 250 1,900 250 400 150
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 16,700 650 15,900 650 800 200 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers 3,100 300 D D 1,600 250 500 150 200 100 D D D D 700 150 D D
Sales/ marketing occupations 7,500 450 D D D D 5,600 400 200 100 D D D D 1,600 250 D D
Social service–related occupations 4,600 350 800 150 500 150 900 200 1,500 250 100 100 300 100 600 150 D D
Other non-S&E occupations 10,300 600 900 200 300 100 4,600 350 1,000 200 1,000 200 600 150 2,000 250 D D

D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
f From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers." For all years, data in this category have included only Industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010.