Table 8. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2010 |
Field | Not Hispanic or Latinob | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All employed | Hispanic or Latinoa | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian | Black or African American | White | Other racec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 692,900 | 1,750 | 472,700 | 1,400 | 220,200 | 1,050 | 23,500 | 350 | 14,100 | 350 | 9,300 | 250 | 1,500 | 150 | 900 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 134,600 | 900 | 98,200 | 850 | 36,400 | 450 | 22,300 | 350 | 12,400 | 300 | 10,000 | 300 | 502,300 | 1,700 | 341,800 | 1,350 | 160,500 | 1,000 | 8,800 | 300 | 5,400 | 300 | 3,400 | 200 |
Science | 536,200 | 1,700 | 351,200 | 1,300 | 185,000 | 1,050 | 19,000 | 350 | 11,000 | 250 | 8,000 | 250 | 1,300 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 81,600 | 850 | 53,900 | 750 | 27,600 | 450 | 17,700 | 350 | 9,600 | 250 | 8,200 | 300 | 409,500 | 1,500 | 271,700 | 1,200 | 137,800 | 950 | 7,100 | 300 | 4,300 | 300 | 2,900 | 200 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 175,700 | 950 | 111,800 | 800 | 63,800 | 700 | 6,200 | 200 | 3,800 | 200 | 2,400 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 31,000 | 550 | 18,200 | 450 | 12,900 | 350 | 4,500 | 200 | 2,600 | 200 | 1,900 | 150 | 131,100 | 850 | 85,600 | 800 | 45,600 | 600 | 2,400 | 200 | 1,500 | 150 | 900 | 100 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 17,900 | 500 | 13,500 | 450 | 4,300 | 250 | 700 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 2,700 | 250 | 1,700 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 13,600 | 450 | 10,700 | 400 | 2,900 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,100 | 750 | 18,100 | 650 | 9,100 | 450 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 5,800 | 350 | 3,400 | 300 | 2,400 | 250 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 19,600 | 650 | 13,500 | 550 | 6,100 | 350 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,000 | 700 | 11,800 | 550 | 9,200 | 500 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 5,400 | 400 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,400 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 14,100 | 550 | 8,000 | 450 | 6,100 | 400 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 200 | 100 |
Environmental life sciences | 7,300 | 350 | 5,300 | 350 | 2,100 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 800 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 5,900 | 350 | 4,500 | 300 | 1,500 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Microbiology | 12,200 | 550 | 6,900 | 450 | 5,300 | 350 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 1,700 | 250 | 900 | 150 | 800 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 200 | 100 | 9,300 | 500 | 5,500 | 400 | 3,900 | 300 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 |
Zoology | 10,000 | 500 | 7,600 | 450 | 2,400 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 8,800 | 550 | 6,700 | 450 | 2,100 | 250 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D |
Other biological sciences | 80,100 | 1,150 | 48,700 | 1,000 | 31,400 | 700 | 2,900 | 200 | 1,600 | 150 | 1,300 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 13,900 | 550 | 8,300 | 450 | 5,600 | 350 | 2,000 | 150 | 1,100 | 150 | 900 | 100 | 59,800 | 900 | 36,700 | 800 | 23,100 | 650 | 1,300 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 500 | 100 |
Computer/ information sciences | 19,000 | 300 | 15,700 | 250 | 3,200 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | 6,900 | 250 | 5,700 | 200 | 1,200 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 11,000 | 300 | 9,200 | 250 | 1,800 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 50 | S | S |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,000 | 450 | 25,400 | 400 | 6,500 | 250 | 900 | 100 | 800 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 7,800 | 250 | 5,900 | 250 | 2,000 | 150 | 800 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 22,200 | 450 | 18,100 | 400 | 4,100 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | * | * |
Physical sciences | 120,100 | 900 | 97,900 | 800 | 22,200 | 450 | 3,300 | 200 | 2,500 | 150 | 900 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 23,400 | 500 | 18,000 | 450 | 5,400 | 250 | 2,200 | 150 | 1,700 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 89,500 | 850 | 74,400 | 800 | 15,200 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 300 | 100 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 4,700 | 400 | 3,900 | 400 | 800 | 150 | 100 | 50 | * | * | * | * | D | D | D | D | D | D | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 3,900 | 400 | 3,300 | 350 | 600 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 60,500 | 650 | 47,000 | 600 | 13,500 | 400 | 1,900 | 150 | 1,300 | 150 | 600 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 12,700 | 400 | 9,200 | 350 | 3,500 | 250 | 1,600 | 150 | 1,200 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 43,500 | 600 | 34,800 | 550 | 8,700 | 300 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesd | 19,100 | 350 | 15,100 | 300 | 4,100 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 2,400 | 200 | 1,900 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 15,800 | 350 | 12,400 | 300 | 3,300 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Physics | 35,700 | 500 | 31,900 | 450 | 3,800 | 200 | 900 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 7,700 | 350 | 6,500 | 300 | 1,200 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D | 26,400 | 550 | 23,900 | 500 | 2,500 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D |
Psychology | 102,400 | 750 | 46,600 | 600 | 55,800 | 600 | 4,600 | 150 | 1,600 | 150 | 2,900 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 4,100 | 200 | 1,300 | 100 | 2,800 | 150 | 5,300 | 250 | 1,800 | 150 | 3,500 | 200 | 86,500 | 700 | 41,200 | 550 | 45,300 | 550 | 1,600 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 1,000 | 150 |
Social sciences | 87,000 | 750 | 53,800 | 650 | 33,300 | 450 | 3,600 | 150 | 2,000 | 150 | 1,500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 8,300 | 350 | 5,000 | 250 | 3,400 | 200 | 4,500 | 200 | 2,500 | 150 | 1,900 | 150 | 69,000 | 750 | 43,300 | 650 | 25,700 | 450 | 1,300 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 100 |
Economics | 23,200 | 400 | 17,600 | 350 | 5,700 | 200 | 900 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,000 | 250 | 2,600 | 200 | 1,400 | 100 | 900 | 100 | 700 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 17,300 | 400 | 13,500 | 350 | 3,800 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Political sciences | 20,100 | 550 | 13,700 | 450 | 6,300 | 350 | 700 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 | 1,200 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 1,300 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 16,500 | 500 | 11,600 | 450 | 4,900 | 350 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 |
Sociology | 14,900 | 450 | 7,200 | 350 | 7,700 | 350 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 900 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 1,000 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 12,100 | 400 | 5,800 | 350 | 6,300 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Other social sciences | 28,800 | 700 | 15,200 | 500 | 13,600 | 450 | 1,400 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 700 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 100 | 50 | 2,200 | 200 | 1,200 | 150 | 1,000 | 150 | 1,300 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 700 | 100 | 23,100 | 700 | 12,400 | 550 | 10,800 | 450 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 |
Engineering | 125,500 | 800 | 110,000 | 800 | 15,500 | 350 | 3,400 | 150 | 2,800 | 150 | 600 | 50 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D | 48,800 | 550 | 42,200 | 550 | 6,500 | 250 | 2,700 | 150 | 2,200 | 150 | 500 | 50 | 69,400 | 650 | 61,700 | 650 | 7,700 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,000 | 200 | 100 | 50 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,100 | 450 | 4,700 | 450 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 1,400 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | D | D | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 3,500 | 400 | 3,200 | 350 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemical engineering | 15,700 | 650 | 13,400 | 600 | 2,300 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 5,500 | 350 | 4,700 | 350 | 900 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 9,100 | 500 | 7,900 | 500 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Civil engineering | 10,900 | 550 | 9,600 | 500 | 1,300 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,100 | 350 | 3,700 | 350 | 500 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 5,900 | 400 | 5,100 | 400 | 700 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 36,700 | 400 | 33,100 | 450 | 3,600 | 200 | 900 | 100 | 800 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 16,300 | 350 | 14,300 | 350 | 2,000 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 18,200 | 400 | 16,800 | 350 | 1,400 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 12,600 | 650 | 10,600 | 600 | 2,100 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,900 | 400 | 4,100 | 400 | 800 | 150 | 100 | 100 | S | S | D | D | 7,200 | 500 | 6,100 | 450 | 1,100 | 200 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mechanical engineering | 18,000 | 700 | 16,700 | 700 | 1,300 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 500 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 7,400 | 450 | 6,700 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 9,700 | 500 | 9,200 | 500 | 500 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D |
Other engineering | 26,600 | 850 | 22,000 | 750 | 4,600 | 350 | 700 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 9,100 | 500 | 7,500 | 400 | 1,600 | 200 | 700 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 15,800 | 700 | 13,300 | 600 | 2,500 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Health | 31,200 | 350 | 11,500 | 300 | 19,700 | 350 | 1,000 | 100 | 300 | 50 | 700 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 4,200 | 200 | 2,000 | 150 | 2,200 | 150 | 1,900 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 1,300 | 100 | 23,500 | 350 | 8,400 | 250 | 15,100 | 300 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 400 | 100 |
* = value < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. |
d Includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |