Table 9. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 2010 |
Field | All employed | U.S. citizen | Non-U.S. citizen | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Native born | Naturalized | Total | Permanent resident | Temporary resident | ||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 692,900 | 1,750 | 603,800 | 1,900 | 496,800 | 1,700 | 107,000 | 1,200 | 89,200 | 950 | 59,800 | 1,050 | 29,400 | 700 |
Science | 536,200 | 1,700 | 479,500 | 1,700 | 411,200 | 1,500 | 68,300 | 1,050 | 56,700 | 800 | 38,600 | 900 | 18,100 | 550 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 175,700 | 950 | 157,000 | 1,000 | 133,100 | 850 | 23,900 | 650 | 18,700 | 500 | 12,400 | 450 | 6,300 | 400 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 17,900 | 500 | 15,600 | 450 | 13,200 | 400 | 2,500 | 250 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,700 | 200 | 500 | 150 |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,100 | 750 | 24,100 | 700 | 19,300 | 650 | 4,800 | 350 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,000 | 700 | 18,300 | 650 | 14,300 | 600 | 4,000 | 350 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,900 | 250 | 900 | 150 |
Environmental life sciences | 7,300 | 350 | 6,700 | 350 | 6,000 | 350 | 700 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
Microbiology | 12,200 | 550 | 11,300 | 550 | 9,900 | 500 | 1,400 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Zoology | 10,000 | 500 | 9,700 | 500 | 8,900 | 500 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Other biological sciences | 80,100 | 1,150 | 71,300 | 1,100 | 61,500 | 950 | 9,800 | 550 | 8,900 | 450 | 5,600 | 400 | 3,200 | 300 |
Computer/ information sciences | 19,000 | 300 | 13,900 | 350 | 9,500 | 250 | 4,400 | 250 | 5,100 | 250 | 3,400 | 250 | 1,700 | 200 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,000 | 450 | 25,700 | 450 | 19,500 | 400 | 6,200 | 350 | 6,300 | 300 | 4,300 | 300 | 1,900 | 200 |
Physical sciences | 120,100 | 900 | 104,900 | 950 | 85,700 | 900 | 19,200 | 600 | 15,200 | 500 | 10,100 | 500 | 5,100 | 300 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 4,700 | 400 | 4,500 | 400 | 3,800 | 350 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 200 | 100 |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 60,500 | 650 | 53,400 | 700 | 43,300 | 650 | 10,200 | 500 | 7,100 | 350 | 5,000 | 350 | 2,100 | 200 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesa | 19,100 | 350 | 17,000 | 400 | 15,000 | 350 | 2,100 | 200 | 2,100 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 600 | 100 |
Physics | 35,700 | 500 | 29,900 | 500 | 23,600 | 550 | 6,300 | 350 | 5,800 | 300 | 3,700 | 300 | 2,100 | 200 |
Psychology | 102,400 | 750 | 99,800 | 750 | 94,700 | 750 | 5,100 | 350 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 500 | 150 |
Social sciences | 87,000 | 750 | 78,200 | 800 | 68,800 | 700 | 9,400 | 450 | 8,800 | 400 | 6,300 | 400 | 2,600 | 250 |
Economics | 23,200 | 400 | 18,800 | 450 | 15,400 | 400 | 3,500 | 300 | 4,400 | 300 | 2,800 | 300 | 1,600 | 200 |
Political sciences | 20,100 | 550 | 18,800 | 550 | 17,000 | 500 | 1,800 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Sociology | 14,900 | 450 | 14,200 | 450 | 13,000 | 450 | 1,200 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 50 |
Other social sciences | 28,800 | 700 | 26,400 | 700 | 23,500 | 700 | 2,900 | 250 | 2,400 | 200 | 1,900 | 200 | 500 | 100 |
Engineering | 125,500 | 800 | 95,700 | 900 | 60,700 | 700 | 35,000 | 700 | 29,800 | 600 | 19,400 | 700 | 10,400 | 400 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,100 | 450 | 4,000 | 400 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,100 | 250 | 700 | 200 | 300 | 150 |
Chemical engineering | 15,700 | 650 | 12,600 | 550 | 8,800 | 500 | 3,800 | 350 | 3,100 | 300 | 2,100 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 |
Civil engineering | 10,900 | 550 | 8,100 | 450 | 4,400 | 350 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 1,000 | 150 |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 36,700 | 400 | 26,000 | 500 | 14,800 | 400 | 11,200 | 400 | 10,600 | 400 | 7,000 | 450 | 3,700 | 300 |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 12,600 | 650 | 10,000 | 600 | 6,900 | 500 | 3,100 | 350 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 900 | 200 |
Mechanical engineering | 18,000 | 700 | 13,500 | 550 | 8,400 | 500 | 5,100 | 350 | 4,500 | 350 | 2,900 | 350 | 1,600 | 250 |
Other engineering | 26,600 | 850 | 21,400 | 850 | 14,600 | 700 | 6,800 | 450 | 5,100 | 400 | 3,300 | 350 | 1,900 | 250 |
Health | 31,200 | 350 | 28,500 | 400 | 24,800 | 350 | 3,700 | 250 | 2,700 | 200 | 1,800 | 200 | 900 | 150 |
SE = standard error. a Includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2010. |
Data from survey cycle 2010, as of August 21, 2013. |