Table 12. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and sector of employment: 2013 |
Field | All employed | 4-year educational institutiona | Other educational institutionb | Private, for-profitc | Private, nonprofit | Federal government | State or local goverment | Self-employedd | Other sectore | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 720,800 | 1,900 | 304,400 | 2,300 | 26,300 | 900 | 233,100 | 2,000 | 45,500 | 1,150 | 49,200 | 1,150 | 16,900 | 700 | 43,400 | 1,100 | 2,100 | 300 |
Science | 553,600 | 1,850 | 250,200 | 2,200 | 23,800 | 850 | 149,800 | 1,800 | 37,700 | 1,100 | 38,800 | 950 | 14,000 | 650 | 37,500 | 1,000 | 1,900 | 250 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 183,500 | 1,000 | 88,800 | 1,350 | 6,800 | 450 | 47,300 | 1,250 | 14,000 | 650 | 15,700 | 650 | 4,000 | 350 | 6,700 | 500 | 200 | 100 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 16,800 | 550 | 7,000 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 5,400 | 400 | 700 | 200 | 1,700 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 900 | 200 | D | D |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,700 | 900 | 12,300 | 650 | 800 | 200 | 9,400 | 600 | 2,200 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 400 | 150 | 1,000 | 200 | D | D |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,400 | 600 | 10,300 | 550 | 900 | 150 | 5,600 | 400 | 2,300 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 600 | 150 | D | D |
Environmental life sciences | 7,600 | 400 | 3,300 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 1,300 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 1,300 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 150 | D | D |
Microbiology | 13,100 | 600 | 5,100 | 400 | 900 | 200 | 4,200 | 350 | 900 | 200 | 1,200 | 200 | 300 | 150 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Zoology | 9,000 | 500 | 4,500 | 350 | 400 | 150 | 1,400 | 250 | 600 | 150 | 1,200 | 200 | 400 | 150 | 500 | 150 | D | D |
Other biological sciences | 87,900 | 1,350 | 46,300 | 1,200 | 2,900 | 300 | 20,000 | 850 | 6,900 | 400 | 7,300 | 500 | 1,500 | 250 | 2,900 | 300 | 100 | 50 |
Computer/ information sciences | 21,900 | 300 | 8,300 | 450 | 300 | 150 | 10,500 | 450 | 900 | 150 | 800 | 150 | D | D | 800 | 150 | D | D |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,600 | 500 | 18,600 | 650 | 1,300 | 250 | 9,000 | 500 | 1,300 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 800 | 200 | D | D |
Physical sciences | 122,200 | 800 | 43,600 | 1,050 | 5,000 | 400 | 51,200 | 950 | 6,300 | 500 | 9,500 | 600 | 2,300 | 300 | 4,100 | 350 | 300 | 100 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 5,000 | 350 | 2,700 | 300 | 200 | 100 | 900 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 500 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 61,200 | 650 | 18,600 | 700 | 2,600 | 300 | 31,300 | 750 | 2,400 | 300 | 3,200 | 350 | 1,200 | 250 | 1,800 | 250 | D | D |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesf | 19,400 | 350 | 9,200 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 4,600 | 350 | 700 | 150 | 2,700 | 250 | 700 | 150 | 800 | 150 | D | D |
Physics | 36,600 | 550 | 13,100 | 650 | 1,500 | 250 | 14,500 | 550 | 2,500 | 300 | 3,100 | 350 | 400 | 150 | 1,400 | 200 | 100 | 100 |
Psychology | 104,900 | 700 | 35,300 | 800 | 6,500 | 500 | 20,500 | 750 | 10,000 | 450 | 6,400 | 400 | 5,200 | 400 | 20,800 | 750 | 200 | 100 |
Social sciences | 88,500 | 850 | 55,500 | 1,000 | 3,900 | 400 | 11,200 | 600 | 5,300 | 400 | 5,100 | 350 | 2,200 | 250 | 4,300 | 350 | 1,000 | 200 |
Economics | 23,800 | 450 | 12,300 | 550 | 600 | 200 | 4,600 | 400 | 1,300 | 200 | 2,400 | 250 | 400 | 150 | 1,400 | 200 | 700 | 200 |
Political sciences | 20,400 | 650 | 13,700 | 600 | 1,000 | 200 | 2,300 | 350 | 1,200 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 900 | 200 | S | S |
Sociology | 14,300 | 450 | 10,500 | 450 | 700 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 900 | 200 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 600 | 150 | D | D |
Other social sciences | 29,900 | 800 | 18,900 | 650 | 1,600 | 250 | 3,500 | 350 | 1,900 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 100 | 100 |
Engineering | 133,700 | 850 | 35,100 | 950 | 1,500 | 250 | 77,700 | 1,050 | 4,600 | 400 | 8,000 | 600 | 2,000 | 300 | 4,500 | 450 | 200 | 100 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,200 | 400 | 1,100 | 200 | D | D | 2,700 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 800 | 150 | D | D | 400 | 150 | D | D |
Chemical engineering | 16,500 | 700 | 3,100 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 11,600 | 600 | 500 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 150 | D | D |
Civil engineering | 11,300 | 600 | 4,000 | 400 | D | D | 5,000 | 400 | 200 | 100 | 500 | 150 | 900 | 200 | 500 | 150 | D | D |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 39,400 | 500 | 9,900 | 500 | 200 | 100 | 25,100 | 700 | 1,400 | 250 | 1,400 | 250 | 100 | 100 | 1,100 | 250 | D | D |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 13,900 | 600 | 2,100 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 9,500 | 550 | 300 | 150 | 1,100 | 200 | D | D | 500 | 150 | D | D |
Mechanical engineering | 19,400 | 800 | 5,200 | 400 | 300 | 100 | 11,500 | 650 | 600 | 150 | 1,200 | 200 | D | D | 600 | 150 | D | D |
Other engineering | 28,100 | 800 | 9,900 | 600 | 400 | 150 | 12,400 | 550 | 1,400 | 200 | 2,500 | 350 | 600 | 150 | 900 | 200 | D | D |
Health | 33,500 | 450 | 19,000 | 550 | 1,000 | 200 | 5,700 | 350 | 3,200 | 300 | 2,300 | 250 | 800 | 150 | 1,500 | 250 | D | D |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a 4-year educational institution includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. b Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. c Private, for-profit includes those self-employed in an incorporated business. d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business. e Other sector includes employers not broken out separately. |
f Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |