Table 39. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and citizenship status: 2013 |
Occupation | All employed | U.S. citizen | Non-U.S. citizen | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Native born | Naturalized | Total | Permanent resident | Temporary resident | ||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All occupations | 720,800 | 1,900 | 622,900 | 1,950 | 509,900 | 1,700 | 113,000 | 1,250 | 97,900 | 1,150 | 70,100 | 950 | 27,800 | 750 |
Science occupations | 417,100 | 2,350 | 358,100 | 2,300 | 301,700 | 2,150 | 56,300 | 1,200 | 59,000 | 1,050 | 41,600 | 950 | 17,400 | 650 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 133,900 | 1,400 | 114,000 | 1,350 | 95,400 | 1,300 | 18,600 | 850 | 19,900 | 650 | 13,000 | 600 | 6,900 | 400 |
Agricultural/ food scientists | 8,700 | 450 | 7,400 | 400 | 6,300 | 350 | 1,100 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Biochemists/ biophysicists | 14,800 | 600 | 11,100 | 550 | 8,700 | 500 | 2,400 | 300 | 3,600 | 350 | 1,900 | 250 | 1,700 | 250 |
Biological scientists | 19,500 | 800 | 16,600 | 700 | 14,200 | 650 | 2,400 | 300 | 2,900 | 300 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 |
Forestry/ conservation scientists | 1,600 | 200 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,300 | 200 | S | S | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D |
Medical scientists | 33,400 | 1,000 | 27,400 | 900 | 21,200 | 800 | 6,100 | 450 | 6,000 | 500 | 4,100 | 400 | 1,900 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences | 6,900 | 450 | 6,500 | 450 | 6,000 | 400 | 500 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences | 33,900 | 1,050 | 31,500 | 1,000 | 27,700 | 1,000 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,400 | 350 | 2,200 | 300 | 200 | 100 |
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists | 15,200 | 700 | 12,000 | 600 | 9,900 | 500 | 2,100 | 250 | 3,200 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 |
Computer/ information scientists | 42,600 | 1,000 | 31,800 | 900 | 20,400 | 700 | 11,400 | 600 | 10,800 | 550 | 8,000 | 500 | 2,700 | 300 |
Computer/ information scientists | 34,400 | 950 | 25,500 | 850 | 16,700 | 650 | 8,900 | 600 | 8,900 | 500 | 6,300 | 450 | 2,600 | 300 |
Postsecondary teachers, computer science | 8,200 | 500 | 6,300 | 450 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,500 | 300 | 1,900 | 300 | 1,700 | 300 | 200 | 100 |
Mathematical scientists | 30,800 | 850 | 23,500 | 750 | 17,400 | 650 | 6,100 | 400 | 7,300 | 450 | 5,300 | 400 | 2,000 | 250 |
Mathematical scientists | 13,400 | 600 | 9,400 | 550 | 6,300 | 450 | 3,100 | 300 | 4,000 | 300 | 2,700 | 300 | 1,300 | 200 |
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics | 17,300 | 600 | 14,100 | 600 | 11,100 | 500 | 3,000 | 300 | 3,300 | 350 | 2,500 | 350 | 700 | 150 |
Physical scientists | 81,100 | 1,150 | 69,200 | 1,100 | 58,400 | 1,100 | 10,800 | 550 | 11,900 | 500 | 8,600 | 500 | 3,400 | 300 |
Chemists, except biochemists | 20,200 | 700 | 16,800 | 700 | 13,000 | 650 | 3,700 | 350 | 3,400 | 350 | 2,300 | 300 | 1,100 | 200 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 10,700 | 500 | 9,200 | 450 | 7,900 | 450 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,500 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 400 | 100 |
Physicists/ astronomers | 12,500 | 550 | 10,500 | 600 | 9,000 | 500 | 1,500 | 250 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,100 | 250 | 900 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry | 15,400 | 650 | 13,500 | 550 | 12,200 | 550 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,400 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, physics | 9,800 | 500 | 8,400 | 500 | 7,000 | 400 | 1,500 | 250 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences | 7,500 | 450 | 6,700 | 400 | 5,900 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Other physical scientists | 5,100 | 450 | 4,100 | 400 | 3,400 | 350 | 700 | 150 | 900 | 200 | 700 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Psychologists | 69,900 | 1,100 | 68,400 | 1,150 | 64,500 | 1,100 | 3,800 | 350 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 | 400 | 150 |
Psychologists | 50,500 | 1,100 | 49,500 | 1,100 | 46,700 | 1,050 | 2,800 | 350 | 1,000 | 200 | 700 | 150 | 300 | 150 |
Postsecondary teachers, psychology | 19,400 | 650 | 18,800 | 650 | 17,800 | 650 | 1,000 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 100 | 100 |
Social scientists | 58,800 | 1,050 | 51,200 | 1,100 | 45,500 | 1,000 | 5,700 | 400 | 7,600 | 400 | 5,600 | 400 | 2,000 | 200 |
Economists | 7,300 | 400 | 5,700 | 400 | 5,000 | 350 | 800 | 150 | 1,600 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 700 | 150 |
Political scientists | 1,000 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 800 | 200 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, economics | 9,400 | 500 | 7,000 | 450 | 5,700 | 450 | 1,300 | 200 | 2,400 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 400 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, political science | 9,000 | 450 | 8,200 | 450 | 7,300 | 400 | 800 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 700 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, sociology | 7,600 | 400 | 7,100 | 400 | 6,400 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences | 13,800 | 550 | 12,300 | 550 | 11,200 | 550 | 1,100 | 200 | 1,500 | 200 | 1,200 | 200 | 300 | 100 |
Sociologists/ anthropologists | 3,100 | 250 | 3,000 | 250 | 2,700 | 250 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D |
Other social scientists | 7,600 | 450 | 7,100 | 450 | 6,400 | 400 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
Engineering occupations | 93,700 | 1,300 | 69,900 | 1,200 | 46,500 | 1,000 | 23,400 | 750 | 23,800 | 750 | 16,400 | 650 | 7,400 | 450 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers | 5,700 | 450 | 5,100 | 400 | 3,800 | 400 | 1,300 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Chemical engineers | 7,700 | 500 | 5,800 | 450 | 3,900 | 350 | 1,800 | 250 | 1,900 | 300 | 1,300 | 200 | 600 | 150 |
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers | 4,700 | 450 | 3,300 | 400 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,200 | 250 | 1,400 | 250 | 1,000 | 250 | 400 | 150 |
Electrical engineers | 19,600 | 650 | 13,100 | 600 | 7,500 | 450 | 5,500 | 450 | 6,500 | 450 | 4,700 | 450 | 1,800 | 250 |
Industrial engineersa | 1,100 | 200 | 700 | 200 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 |
Mechanical engineers | 9,400 | 550 | 6,600 | 450 | 3,900 | 400 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,900 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 1,200 | 250 |
Postsecondary teachers, engineering | 21,400 | 750 | 17,200 | 650 | 11,500 | 550 | 5,600 | 400 | 4,200 | 400 | 3,300 | 350 | 900 | 200 |
Other engineersa | 24,200 | 850 | 18,200 | 700 | 13,100 | 550 | 5,100 | 400 | 6,000 | 500 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,200 | 300 |
S&E-related occupations | 78,900 | 1,300 | 72,400 | 1,300 | 59,600 | 1,200 | 12,800 | 600 | 6,400 | 400 | 5,300 | 350 | 1,200 | 200 |
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers | 22,500 | 800 | 21,000 | 750 | 17,000 | 700 | 4,100 | 350 | 1,500 | 250 | 1,200 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences | 21,200 | 800 | 19,900 | 750 | 17,500 | 650 | 2,400 | 300 | 1,300 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
S&E managers, including health | 27,700 | 800 | 25,100 | 750 | 20,100 | 650 | 4,900 | 400 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,100 | 300 | 500 | 150 |
S&E precollege teachers | 4,300 | 400 | 4,000 | 400 | 3,400 | 400 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 150 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
S&E technicians and technologists | 2,600 | 300 | 2,000 | 250 | 1,300 | 250 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Other S&E-related occupations | 600 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 300 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 131,200 | 1,850 | 122,600 | 1,750 | 102,100 | 1,650 | 20,500 | 750 | 8,600 | 650 | 6,800 | 550 | 1,800 | 300 |
Arts/ humanities-related occupations | 6,900 | 450 | 6,700 | 450 | 6,000 | 450 | 700 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Management-related occupations | 22,400 | 800 | 20,100 | 750 | 16,200 | 700 | 3,900 | 350 | 2,200 | 300 | 1,500 | 300 | 700 | 150 |
Non-S&E managers | 57,200 | 1,300 | 54,900 | 1,250 | 44,900 | 1,200 | 9,900 | 550 | 2,300 | 350 | 2,000 | 300 | 400 | 150 |
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers | 16,700 | 650 | 14,600 | 600 | 12,600 | 600 | 2,100 | 250 | 2,100 | 300 | 1,700 | 250 | 400 | 150 |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers | 2,800 | 350 | 2,600 | 300 | 2,200 | 300 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Sales/ marketing occupations | 7,700 | 550 | 6,800 | 500 | 5,100 | 400 | 1,800 | 250 | 900 | 200 | 800 | 200 | 100 | 100 |
Social service–related occupations | 6,200 | 450 | 6,100 | 450 | 5,500 | 450 | 600 | 150 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D |
Other non-S&E occupations | 11,100 | 600 | 10,700 | 550 | 9,600 | 550 | 1,100 | 200 | 500 | 200 | 400 | 150 | D | D |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers." For all years, data in this category have included only industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |