Table 50. Median annual salaries of full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2013 |
(Dollars) |
Field | All full-time employed | Not Hispanic or Latinob | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hispanic or Latinoa | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian | Black or African American | White | Other racec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
All fields | 100,000 | 500 | 110,000 | 1,000 | 88,000 | 1,000 | 89,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 2,500 | 77,000 | 2,500 | 81,000 | 6,000 | 80,000 | 10,000 | 80,000 | 5,000 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 110,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 1,000 | 85,000 | 1,000 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 81,000 | 2,500 | 102,000 | 1,500 | 110,000 | 500 | 89,000 | 1,000 | 91,000 | 3,000 | 98,000 | 3,500 | 84,000 | 3,000 |
Science | 98,000 | 1,000 | 104,000 | 1,500 | 85,000 | 500 | 83,000 | 2,500 | 92,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 6,000 | 79,000 | 14,000 | 78,000 | 6,500 | 97,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 81,000 | 3,000 | 85,000 | 4,000 | 79,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 500 | 106,000 | 1,000 | 86,000 | 1,500 | 89,000 | 2,500 | 93,000 | 4,000 | 80,000 | 4,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 95,000 | 1,000 | 100,000 | 500 | 84,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 3,000 | 89,000 | 3,500 | 70,000 | 2,500 | 97,000 | 18,500 | D | D | D | D | 88,000 | 2,500 | 93,000 | 3,500 | 80,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 3,500 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 3,500 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 105,000 | 2,000 | 87,000 | 2,000 | 87,000 | 5,000 | 90,000 | 8,000 | 84,000 | 7,000 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 94,000 | 2,000 | 99,000 | 3,000 | 82,000 | 5,000 | 80,000 | 11,500 | 92,000 | 8,500 | 64,000 | 9,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 83,000 | 5,000 | 84,000 | 7,500 | 83,000 | 5,500 | 78,000 | 4,000 | 76,000 | 4,500 | 79,000 | 7,500 | 100,000 | 2,500 | 102,000 | 3,500 | 85,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 101,000 | 3,000 | 106,000 | 4,500 | 95,000 | 5,000 | 94,000 | 6,500 | 101,000 | 22,000 | 59,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 89,000 | 6,000 | 79,000 | 9,500 | 95,000 | 5,500 | 80,000 | 19,500 | 100,000 | 32,500 | 68,000 | 16,500 | 108,000 | 3,500 | 110,000 | 2,500 | 98,000 | 5,000 | 77,000 | 3,500 | 77,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Cell/ molecular biology | 90,000 | 2,000 | 99,000 | 2,000 | 81,000 | 4,000 | 69,000 | 7,000 | 69,000 | 11,000 | 66,000 | 19,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 83,000 | 3,000 | 94,000 | 8,500 | 72,000 | 4,000 | 64,000 | 12,500 | 78,000 | 18,500 | 58,000 | 6,000 | 98,000 | 4,500 | 100,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 22,000 | D | D | 81,000 | 19,000 |
Environmental life sciences | 84,000 | 2,000 | 86,000 | 3,000 | 71,000 | 4,000 | 70,000 | 5,000 | 69,000 | 21,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 74,000 | 6,000 | 65,000 | 13,500 | 89,000 | 14,500 | 70,000 | 14,500 | 71,000 | 19,000 | D | D | 85,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 3,000 | 69,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Microbiology | 98,000 | 2,500 | 107,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 4,500 | 81,000 | 10,000 | 88,000 | 16,000 | 74,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 96,000 | 5,500 | 108,000 | 23,500 | 65,000 | 14,000 | 79,000 | 10,500 | 85,000 | 38,500 | 73,000 | 7,500 | 102,000 | 4,000 | 108,000 | 4,000 | 91,000 | 4,500 | 71,000 | 11,500 | D | D | D | D |
Zoology | 89,000 | 4,000 | 93,000 | 4,500 | 76,000 | 5,000 | 95,000 | 14,500 | 95,000 | 17,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 82,000 | 7,500 | 85,000 | 23,500 | 72,000 | 18,500 | 72,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D | 90,000 | 3,500 | 93,000 | 5,000 | 76,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other biological sciences | 94,000 | 2,000 | 101,000 | 3,000 | 84,000 | 2,500 | 76,000 | 4,500 | 80,000 | 4,000 | 67,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 89,000 | 4,000 | 96,000 | 4,500 | 78,000 | 5,000 | 79,000 | 5,000 | 84,000 | 10,500 | 75,000 | 4,500 | 98,000 | 3,000 | 107,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 2,000 | 91,000 | 6,000 | 93,000 | 8,500 | 89,000 | 10,000 |
Computer/ information sciences | 120,000 | 500 | 122,000 | 3,500 | 107,000 | 6,500 | 115,000 | 10,000 | 115,000 | 8,500 | 90,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 120,000 | 500 | 120,000 | 4,500 | 106,000 | 8,500 | 100,000 | 10,500 | 106,000 | 15,500 | 96,000 | 13,000 | 120,000 | 3,500 | 124,000 | 4,500 | 107,000 | 11,000 | 115,000 | 15,500 | 116,000 | 14,000 | D | D |
Mathematics/ statistics | 98,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 87,000 | 5,500 | 86,000 | 4,000 | 86,000 | 4,000 | 82,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 100,000 | 3,000 | 106,000 | 5,500 | 91,000 | 5,000 | 80,000 | 8,000 | 81,000 | 8,500 | 70,000 | 14,500 | 96,000 | 3,500 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 83,000 | 5,500 | 114,000 | 29,000 | D | D | * | * |
Physical sciences | 106,000 | 2,000 | 110,000 | 500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 94,000 | 4,500 | 97,000 | 7,500 | 87,000 | 4,500 | 89,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | 100,000 | 500 | 103,000 | 3,000 | 93,000 | 4,000 | 93,000 | 5,500 | 95,000 | 6,000 | 84,000 | 9,000 | 110,000 | 500 | 113,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 98,000 | 8,500 | 96,000 | 8,000 | 105,000 | 25,500 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 93,000 | 6,000 | 97,000 | 5,500 | 74,000 | 9,000 | 66,000 | 21,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 75,000 | 18,000 | 86,000 | 20,000 | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D | 97,000 | 6,000 | 98,000 | 5,500 | 80,000 | 17,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 106,000 | 2,000 | 110,000 | 500 | 94,000 | 3,000 | 95,000 | 5,500 | 95,000 | 9,000 | 88,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 100,000 | 2,000 | 103,000 | 3,500 | 97,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 6,500 | 97,000 | 6,500 | 83,000 | 7,500 | 110,000 | 1,500 | 114,000 | 3,000 | 91,000 | 3,500 | 103,000 | 16,500 | 89,000 | 9,000 | 133,000 | 15,000 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesd | 100,000 | 2,500 | 104,000 | 2,500 | 83,000 | 6,000 | 77,000 | 8,500 | 82,000 | 13,000 | 66,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 86,000 | 8,500 | 90,000 | 11,500 | 75,000 | 4,500 | 83,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D | 103,000 | 3,000 | 105,000 | 3,500 | 87,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Physics | 111,000 | 3,000 | 115,000 | 2,500 | 95,000 | 6,000 | 114,000 | 13,000 | 117,000 | 18,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 105,000 | 6,000 | 108,000 | 4,500 | 94,000 | 6,000 | 94,000 | 17,000 | 91,000 | 17,500 | D | D | 116,000 | 3,000 | 118,000 | 3,000 | 93,000 | 10,500 | 95,000 | 9,500 | 97,000 | 6,000 | D | D |
Psychology | 90,000 | 500 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 83,000 | 2,000 | 76,000 | 5,000 | 90,000 | 6,000 | 70,000 | 2,000 | 72,000 | 13,500 | D | D | 59,000 | 9,000 | 78,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 5,500 | 73,000 | 3,500 | 80,000 | 3,500 | 89,000 | 6,500 | 78,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 82,000 | 7,000 | 82,000 | 16,500 | 79,000 | 7,000 |
Social sciences | 91,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 83,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 3,500 | 101,000 | 9,500 | 76,000 | 3,000 | 68,000 | 11,500 | D | D | 80,000 | 3,500 | 91,000 | 3,000 | 96,000 | 5,000 | 84,000 | 3,000 | 81,000 | 3,500 | 82,000 | 5,000 | 80,000 | 3,000 | 93,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 500 | 84,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 8,500 | 84,000 | 8,000 | 70,000 | 3,500 |
Economics | 120,000 | 3,500 | 127,000 | 4,000 | 110,000 | 4,000 | 117,000 | 12,000 | 133,000 | 15,000 | 84,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 109,000 | 6,500 | 109,000 | 11,000 | 104,000 | 7,500 | 94,000 | 4,000 | 91,000 | 5,000 | 101,000 | 9,000 | 128,000 | 3,500 | 130,000 | 7,500 | 115,000 | 6,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Political sciences | 88,000 | 2,500 | 91,000 | 2,500 | 82,000 | 2,500 | 78,000 | 6,000 | 87,000 | 19,000 | 73,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 89,000 | 5,000 | 90,000 | 7,000 | 85,000 | 9,500 | 79,000 | 3,500 | 79,000 | 12,500 | 79,000 | 4,000 | 89,000 | 3,000 | 92,000 | 3,500 | 84,000 | 3,500 | 68,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D |
Sociology | 83,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 2,500 | 76,000 | 5,500 | 72,000 | 3,000 | 89,000 | 31,500 | 71,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 76,000 | 6,500 | 83,000 | 5,000 | 67,000 | 10,000 | 75,000 | 6,000 | 90,000 | 7,000 | 67,000 | 5,500 | 85,000 | 3,500 | 89,000 | 3,500 | 83,000 | 5,000 | 92,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D |
Other social sciences | 80,000 | 1,500 | 84,000 | 2,000 | 75,000 | 2,000 | 73,000 | 3,000 | 70,000 | 3,000 | 75,000 | 3,000 | 80,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 79,000 | 4,500 | 85,000 | 3,500 | 73,000 | 5,000 | 74,000 | 3,500 | 70,000 | 2,000 | 82,000 | 7,500 | 81,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 2,500 | 69,000 | 4,500 | 80,000 | 14,500 | 69,000 | 5,000 |
Engineering | 120,000 | 500 | 120,000 | 500 | 102,000 | 2,500 | 109,000 | 2,500 | 112,000 | 4,000 | 91,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 115,000 | 1,500 | 118,000 | 2,500 | 100,000 | 3,000 | 99,000 | 3,000 | 99,000 | 5,000 | 99,000 | 4,000 | 124,000 | 2,000 | 126,000 | 2,500 | 107,000 | 4,000 | 117,000 | 5,500 | 119,000 | 4,500 | 92,000 | 18,500 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 129,000 | 5,500 | 129,000 | 5,500 | 125,000 | 14,500 | 133,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 111,000 | 7,000 | 111,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 139,000 | 6,500 | 140,000 | 5,500 | 115,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemical engineering | 121,000 | 3,000 | 127,000 | 4,000 | 100,000 | 3,500 | 120,000 | 8,000 | 137,000 | 12,500 | 92,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 118,000 | 4,000 | 120,000 | 5,500 | 101,000 | 4,000 | 111,000 | 12,500 | 112,000 | 16,500 | D | D | 127,000 | 4,000 | 130,000 | 5,000 | 98,000 | 6,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Civil engineering | 104,000 | 3,500 | 106,000 | 3,000 | 82,000 | 10,500 | 108,000 | 16,500 | 116,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 99,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 4,500 | 78,000 | 13,000 | 78,000 | 13,500 | 76,000 | 10,500 | D | D | 110,000 | 5,500 | 115,000 | 5,500 | 87,000 | 12,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 128,000 | 2,500 | 129,000 | 1,000 | 114,000 | 5,500 | 109,000 | 4,000 | 110,000 | 3,500 | 90,000 | 7,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 124,000 | 2,500 | 125,000 | 2,500 | 110,000 | 5,000 | 103,000 | 12,500 | 105,000 | 12,500 | 98,000 | 18,000 | 133,000 | 4,500 | 135,000 | 3,500 | 117,000 | 4,500 | 126,000 | 11,500 | 125,000 | 13,000 | D | D |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 119,000 | 2,500 | 119,000 | 1,500 | 108,000 | 8,500 | 117,000 | 7,500 | 118,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 108,000 | 3,000 | 109,000 | 2,000 | 94,000 | 5,000 | 92,000 | 14,500 | D | D | D | D | 123,000 | 4,000 | 125,000 | 5,000 | 119,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mechanical engineering | 110,000 | 3,000 | 114,000 | 3,500 | 95,000 | 4,000 | 104,000 | 7,000 | 107,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 105,000 | 4,000 | 108,000 | 4,000 | 94,000 | 5,500 | 90,000 | 13,000 | 88,000 | 17,000 | D | D | 120,000 | 5,000 | 120,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other engineering | 110,000 | 1,500 | 114,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 3,000 | 100,000 | 6,500 | 101,000 | 7,000 | 88,000 | 16,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 109,000 | 2,500 | 110,000 | 3,500 | 99,000 | 6,500 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 93,000 | 4,500 | 95,000 | 5,500 | 112,000 | 4,500 | 118,000 | 3,500 | 98,000 | 6,000 | 99,000 | 16,000 | 108,000 | 19,500 | D | D |
Health | 97,000 | 2,500 | 104,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 1,500 | 89,000 | 8,500 | 92,000 | 8,000 | 87,000 | 9,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 99,000 | 2,500 | 102,000 | 5,500 | 92,000 | 5,500 | 90,000 | 3,500 | 96,000 | 6,500 | 89,000 | 3,000 | 98,000 | 2,500 | 105,000 | 4,000 | 93,000 | 2,000 | 93,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 94,000 | 6,000 |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. |
d Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for the principal job and are rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |