Table 69. Median annual salaries of full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and sector of employment: 2013 |
(Dollars) |
Occupation | All full-time employed | 4-year educational institutiona | Other educational institutionb | Private, for-profitc | Private, nonprofit | Federal government | State or local government | Self-employedd | Other sectore | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
All occupations | 100,000 | 500 | 85,000 | 500 | 70,000 | 2,000 | 125,000 | 1,000 | 105,000 | 2,000 | 111,000 | 2,000 | 83,000 | 2,000 | 99,000 | 3,000 | 126,000 | 10,500 |
Science occupations | 92,000 | 500 | 78,000 | 1,000 | 69,000 | 1,500 | 120,000 | 500 | 94,000 | 2,500 | 107,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 99,000 | 500 | 128,000 | 16,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 85,000 | 1,000 | 74,000 | 1,500 | 64,000 | 4,000 | 110,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 3,000 | 103,000 | 3,000 | 70,000 | 3,500 | 113,000 | 19,000 | D | D |
Agricultural/ food scientists | 99,000 | 2,000 | 82,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 110,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 104,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Biochemists/ biophysicists | 74,000 | 5,500 | 48,000 | 1,500 | D | D | 109,000 | 5,000 | 62,000 | 9,000 | 90,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Biological scientists | 77,000 | 2,000 | 54,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 99,000 | 2,000 | 68,000 | 5,500 | 92,000 | 4,000 | 65,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D |
Forestry/ conservation scientists | 80,000 | 7,500 | 65,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 98,000 | 11,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Medical scientists | 98,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 126,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 9,000 | 111,000 | 6,000 | 74,000 | 3,500 | 110,000 | 35,500 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/ other natural sciences | 91,000 | 4,000 | 93,000 | 4,500 | 76,000 | 10,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences | 82,000 | 2,000 | 84,000 | 2,000 | 61,000 | 3,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other biological/ agricultural/ life scientists | 83,000 | 2,500 | 50,000 | 1,000 | D | D | 100,000 | 4,000 | 67,000 | 8,000 | 106,000 | 5,500 | 73,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | 120,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 2,500 | 65,000 | 15,000 | 125,000 | 2,500 | 113,000 | 5,500 | 117,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 7,500 | 75,000 | 18,500 | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | 121,000 | 3,000 | 88,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 125,000 | 2,500 | 113,000 | 5,500 | 117,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 7,500 | 75,000 | 18,500 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, computer science | 96,000 | 2,500 | 97,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 93,000 | 2,500 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 68,000 | 3,000 | 124,000 | 3,000 | 113,000 | 7,000 | 110,000 | 7,000 | 85,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 114,000 | 3,500 | 77,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 124,000 | 3,000 | 113,000 | 7,000 | 110,000 | 7,000 | 85,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/ statistics | 80,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 68,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Physical scientists | 96,000 | 2,000 | 78,000 | 2,000 | 64,000 | 5,000 | 120,000 | 1,000 | 110,000 | 5,000 | 114,000 | 3,000 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 63,000 | 10,500 | D | D |
Chemists, except biochemists | 109,000 | 1,500 | 47,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 115,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 12,000 | 105,000 | 7,500 | 79,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean scientists | 105,000 | 2,000 | 76,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 126,000 | 4,000 | 97,000 | 10,500 | 116,000 | 4,500 | 72,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D |
Physicists/ astronomers | 111,000 | 2,500 | 63,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 125,000 | 2,500 | 117,000 | 6,000 | 117,000 | 6,000 | 95,000 | 18,500 | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry | 72,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 2,500 | 65,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, physics | 83,000 | 2,500 | 84,000 | 3,500 | 54,000 | 10,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences | 86,000 | 3,000 | 86,000 | 3,500 | 65,000 | 13,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other physical scientists | 114,000 | 7,000 | 79,000 | 12,500 | D | D | 125,000 | 9,000 | 104,000 | 13,000 | 106,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Psychologists | 85,000 | 2,000 | 72,000 | 2,000 | 79,000 | 5,500 | 96,000 | 3,500 | 94,000 | 3,000 | 98,000 | 1,500 | 83,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 500 | D | D |
Psychologists | 93,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 3,500 | 84,000 | 3,500 | 96,000 | 3,500 | 94,000 | 3,000 | 98,000 | 1,500 | 83,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 500 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, psychology | 72,000 | 2,000 | 73,000 | 2,500 | 68,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Social scientists | 87,000 | 1,500 | 81,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 4,500 | 125,000 | 5,000 | 100,000 | 8,500 | 120,000 | 3,500 | 78,000 | 5,000 | 96,000 | 7,500 | 160,000 | 18,500 |
Economists | 138,000 | 5,500 | 82,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 160,000 | 7,000 | 130,000 | 16,500 | 130,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 99,000 | 25,500 | 168,000 | 10,000 |
Political scientists | 114,000 | 14,000 | 121,000 | 25,000 | D | D | D | D | 119,000 | 49,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, economics | 100,000 | 1,000 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 64,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, political science | 75,000 | 2,500 | 75,000 | 2,500 | 67,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, sociology | 72,000 | 1,500 | 73,000 | 1,500 | 62,000 | 3,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences | 75,000 | 1,500 | 75,000 | 2,000 | 75,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Sociologists/ anthropologists | 90,000 | 5,500 | 76,000 | 9,000 | D | D | 88,000 | 11,500 | D | D | 109,000 | 4,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other social scientists | 89,000 | 3,500 | 76,000 | 6,000 | 85,000 | 7,000 | 110,000 | 4,500 | 84,000 | 3,500 | 98,000 | 11,500 | 76,000 | 7,500 | S | S | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 115,000 | 500 | 99,000 | 1,500 | 69,000 | 16,000 | 122,000 | 2,000 | 128,000 | 6,000 | 116,000 | 1,000 | 90,000 | 8,500 | 99,000 | 24,500 | D | D |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineers | 128,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 27,000 | D | D | 129,000 | 3,000 | 143,000 | 10,500 | 122,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemical engineers | 118,000 | 4,000 | 47,000 | 12,000 | D | D | 121,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 119,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Civil/ architectural/ sanitary engineers | 99,000 | 3,000 | 69,000 | 15,500 | D | D | 107,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 100,000 | 11,000 | 90,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D |
Electrical engineers | 130,000 | 1,000 | 95,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 130,000 | 2,500 | 124,000 | 7,000 | 117,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 108,000 | 51,500 | D | D |
Industrial engineersf | 104,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | 107,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mechanical engineers | 110,000 | 2,500 | 89,000 | 11,000 | D | D | 111,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 116,000 | 16,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, engineering | 100,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other engineersf | 110,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 118,000 | 2,500 | 129,000 | 23,000 | 112,000 | 5,000 | 72,000 | 5,500 | 81,000 | 21,000 | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 119,000 | 3,000 | 97,000 | 3,000 | 64,000 | 3,500 | 150,000 | 2,500 | 146,000 | 9,500 | 132,000 | 6,000 | 93,000 | 5,000 | 107,000 | 12,500 | D | D |
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers | 119,000 | 5,000 | 83,000 | 7,000 | 84,000 | 9,500 | 149,000 | 8,000 | 151,000 | 21,500 | 119,000 | 7,000 | 88,000 | 16,500 | 108,000 | 12,500 | D | D |
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences | 100,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 1,000 | 80,000 | 10,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
S&E managers, including health | 144,000 | 3,500 | 107,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 155,000 | 4,500 | 145,000 | 10,500 | 139,000 | 4,500 | 95,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D |
S&E precollege teachers | 61,000 | 2,000 | D | D | 61,000 | 2,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
S&E technicians and technologists | 97,000 | 7,500 | 70,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 116,000 | 15,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Other S&E-related occupations | 115,000 | 26,000 | D | D | D | D | 130,000 | 22,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 120,000 | 500 | 105,000 | 2,500 | 83,000 | 7,500 | 149,000 | 1,500 | 105,000 | 4,000 | 120,000 | 2,000 | 82,000 | 6,500 | 68,000 | 11,500 | 151,000 | 28,500 |
Arts/ humanities-related occupations | 79,000 | 7,500 | 59,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 99,000 | 8,000 | 90,000 | 8,000 | S | S | D | D | 27,000 | 7,000 | D | D |
Management-related occupations | 120,000 | 500 | 85,000 | 4,000 | 60,000 | 11,500 | 138,000 | 4,500 | 99,000 | 5,000 | 116,000 | 4,500 | 91,000 | 7,000 | 88,000 | 26,500 | 135,000 | 29,500 |
Non-S&E managers | 150,000 | 500 | 138,000 | 6,000 | 102,000 | 4,000 | 174,000 | 4,500 | 145,000 | 10,000 | 140,000 | 6,000 | 101,000 | 8,000 | 146,000 | 41,000 | D | D |
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers | 84,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 2,500 | 71,000 | 6,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E precollege/ other teachers | 53,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 53,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Sales/ marketing occupations | 109,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | 115,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 62,000 | 21,500 | D | D |
Social service–related occupations | 62,000 | 3,500 | 56,000 | 7,000 | 73,000 | 9,000 | 64,000 | 12,500 | 58,000 | 6,000 | 65,000 | 6,000 | 57,000 | 4,500 | 73,000 | 15,000 | D | D |
Other non-S&E occupations | 99,000 | 13,000 | 51,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 149,000 | 11,500 | 59,000 | 20,000 | 104,000 | 13,500 | 56,000 | 6,000 | 46,000 | 7,500 | D | D |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. |
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a 4-year educational institution includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. |
b Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. |
c Private, for-profit includes those self-employed in an incorporated business. |
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business. e Other sector includes employers not broken out separately. |
f From 1999 to 2008, data for Industrial engineers were mislabeled as "Materials/metallurgical engineers." For all years, data in this category have included only industrial engineers. For all years, data on Materials/metallurgical engineers have been included only in Other engineers. |
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for the principal job and are rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |