Table 72. Median annual salaries of full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2013 |
(Dollars) |
Employment sector and occupation | Not Hispanic or Latinob | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All full-time employed | Hispanic or Latinoa | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian | Black or African American | White | Other racec | ||||||||
Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | Median salary | SE | |
All sectors | 100,000 | 500 | 89,000 | 1,500 | 81,000 | 6,000 | 102,000 | 2,000 | 85,000 | 1,000 | 102,000 | 1,500 | 91,000 | 3,000 |
Science occupations | 92,000 | 500 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 76,000 | 10,500 | 95,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 1,500 | 93,000 | 1,000 | 88,000 | 4,000 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 85,000 | 1,000 | 72,000 | 2,500 | 73,000 | 21,500 | 78,000 | 2,500 | 73,000 | 3,500 | 90,000 | 1,000 | 84,000 | 6,000 |
Computer/ information scientists | 120,000 | 2,000 | 108,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 118,000 | 4,000 | 96,000 | 7,500 | 120,000 | 1,000 | 120,000 | 5,000 |
Mathematical scientists | 93,000 | 2,500 | 81,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 99,000 | 1,500 | 84,000 | 8,500 | 90,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 27,000 |
Physical scientists | 96,000 | 2,000 | 82,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 91,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 7,500 | 100,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 7,000 |
Psychologists | 85,000 | 2,000 | 72,000 | 3,500 | 70,000 | 20,500 | 77,000 | 4,500 | 79,000 | 2,500 | 88,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 10,000 |
Social scientists | 87,000 | 1,500 | 77,000 | 3,000 | 65,000 | 11,500 | 85,000 | 4,500 | 79,000 | 3,000 | 90,000 | 2,000 | 70,000 | 5,500 |
Engineering occupations | 115,000 | 500 | 109,000 | 2,500 | D | D | 109,000 | 500 | 98,000 | 3,000 | 120,000 | 500 | 108,000 | 4,500 |
S&E-related occupations | 119,000 | 3,000 | 102,000 | 4,000 | 95,000 | 18,500 | 124,000 | 5,500 | 91,000 | 5,000 | 120,000 | 1,000 | 104,000 | 5,500 |
Non-S&E occupations | 120,000 | 500 | 109,000 | 5,000 | 62,000 | 11,500 | 125,000 | 5,500 | 97,000 | 4,000 | 120,000 | 4,000 | 90,000 | 5,500 |
4-year educational institutiond | 85,000 | 500 | 76,000 | 2,000 | 78,000 | 8,000 | 80,000 | 500 | 78,000 | 3,000 | 87,000 | 1,000 | 81,000 | 3,000 |
Science occupations | 78,000 | 1,000 | 70,000 | 1,000 | 68,000 | 12,500 | 72,000 | 1,500 | 70,000 | 2,000 | 80,000 | 500 | 76,000 | 4,000 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 74,000 | 1,500 | 66,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 58,000 | 3,000 | 60,000 | 2,500 | 79,000 | 2,000 | 72,000 | 5,500 |
Computer/ information scientists | 95,000 | 2,500 | 80,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 94,000 | 2,000 | 95,000 | 5,000 | 98,000 | 3,500 | 91,000 | 5,000 |
Mathematical scientists | 80,000 | 1,500 | 74,000 | 7,500 | D | D | 78,000 | 4,000 | 72,000 | 4,500 | 80,000 | 2,500 | * | * |
Physical scientists | 78,000 | 2,000 | 73,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 68,000 | 4,500 | 61,000 | 4,000 | 80,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 5,000 |
Psychologists | 72,000 | 2,000 | 62,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 65,000 | 5,000 | 71,000 | 4,500 | 75,000 | 3,000 | 77,000 | 7,000 |
Social scientists | 81,000 | 1,500 | 73,000 | 3,000 | 63,000 | 15,000 | 80,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 3,000 | 83,000 | 2,000 | 69,000 | 2,500 |
Engineering occupations | 99,000 | 1,500 | 90,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 89,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 5,500 | 102,000 | 2,500 | 90,000 | 17,000 |
S&E-related occupations | 97,000 | 3,000 | 92,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 96,000 | 7,500 | 89,000 | 4,500 | 100,000 | 2,000 | 89,000 | 8,000 |
Non-S&E occupations | 105,000 | 2,500 | 88,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 98,000 | 5,000 | 95,000 | 6,500 | 109,000 | 4,000 | 85,000 | 11,500 |
Other educational institutione | 70,000 | 2,000 | 79,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 66,000 | 3,000 | 74,000 | 3,000 | 70,000 | 2,000 | D | D |
Science occupations | 69,000 | 1,500 | 80,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 65,000 | 3,500 | 71,000 | 7,500 | 70,000 | 2,000 | D | D |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 64,000 | 4,000 | 57,000 | 8,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 64,000 | 3,500 | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | 65,000 | 15,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 68,000 | 3,000 | D | D | D | D | 67,000 | 3,500 | D | D | 73,000 | 9,500 | D | D |
Physical scientists | 64,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 58,000 | 2,500 | 48,000 | 6,000 | 68,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
Psychologists | 79,000 | 5,500 | 86,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | 72,000 | 7,500 | 78,000 | 7,000 | D | D |
Social scientists | 75,000 | 4,500 | 62,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 74,000 | 5,500 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 69,000 | 16,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 64,000 | 3,500 | 61,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 60,000 | 4,000 | 70,000 | 5,000 | 63,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 83,000 | 7,500 | 83,000 | 11,500 | D | D | 97,000 | 29,500 | 88,000 | 6,000 | 76,000 | 6,500 | D | D |
Private, for-profitf | 125,000 | 1,000 | 119,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 11,500 | 120,000 | 1,500 | 109,000 | 3,000 | 130,000 | 500 | 113,000 | 6,000 |
Science occupations | 120,000 | 500 | 106,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 116,000 | 2,500 | 105,000 | 4,500 | 120,000 | 500 | 114,000 | 5,000 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 110,000 | 2,500 | 93,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 102,000 | 6,000 | 106,000 | 12,000 | 116,000 | 3,000 | 114,000 | 7,500 |
Computer/ information scientists | 125,000 | 2,500 | 122,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 123,000 | 4,000 | 99,000 | 5,000 | 130,000 | 3,000 | 126,000 | 22,500 |
Mathematical scientists | 124,000 | 3,000 | 95,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 122,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 126,000 | 7,000 | D | D |
Physical scientists | 120,000 | 1,000 | 116,000 | 6,500 | D | D | 109,000 | 2,500 | 110,000 | 6,000 | 120,000 | 1,500 | 117,000 | 12,500 |
Psychologists | 96,000 | 3,500 | 58,000 | 11,000 | D | D | 86,000 | 6,500 | 95,000 | 16,000 | 99,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
Social scientists | 125,000 | 5,000 | 93,000 | 29,000 | D | D | 116,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 129,000 | 8,000 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 122,000 | 2,000 | 124,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 119,000 | 2,000 | 109,000 | 3,500 | 128,000 | 3,500 | 109,000 | 8,500 |
S&E-related occupations | 150,000 | 2,500 | 133,000 | 18,000 | D | D | 140,000 | 7,000 | 109,000 | 10,000 | 159,000 | 5,000 | 140,000 | 22,000 |
Non-S&E occupations | 149,000 | 1,500 | 147,000 | 8,500 | D | D | 149,000 | 5,000 | 120,000 | 12,000 | 149,000 | 500 | 92,000 | 16,000 |
Private, nonprofit | 105,000 | 2,000 | 90,000 | 4,500 | D | D | 89,000 | 6,000 | 79,000 | 5,000 | 110,000 | 2,000 | 109,000 | 2,500 |
Science occupations | 94,000 | 2,500 | 85,000 | 13,000 | D | D | 71,000 | 5,000 | 76,000 | 5,500 | 100,000 | 3,000 | 110,000 | 4,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 72,000 | 3,000 | 63,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 54,000 | 2,500 | 72,000 | 13,500 | 80,000 | 4,000 | 90,000 | 15,500 |
Computer/ information scientists | 113,000 | 5,500 | D | D | D | D | 119,000 | 24,500 | D | D | 112,000 | 6,500 | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 113,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | 90,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 117,000 | 3,500 | D | D |
Physical scientists | 110,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 86,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 117,000 | 8,000 | D | D |
Psychologists | 94,000 | 3,000 | 90,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 94,000 | 3,500 | D | D |
Social scientists | 100,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | 80,000 | 7,000 | 74,000 | 15,500 | 107,000 | 11,500 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 128,000 | 6,000 | D | D | D | D | 110,000 | 18,500 | D | D | 130,000 | 8,000 | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 146,000 | 9,500 | 117,000 | 13,500 | D | D | 135,000 | 39,500 | 105,000 | 34,000 | 149,000 | 10,500 | 109,000 | 14,000 |
Non-S&E occupations | 105,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 102,000 | 14,000 | 75,000 | 13,500 | 108,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Federal government | 111,000 | 2,000 | 100,000 | 5,000 | D | D | 107,000 | 3,000 | 106,000 | 5,000 | 115,000 | 1,500 | 99,000 | 6,500 |
Science occupations | 107,000 | 1,500 | 97,000 | 3,000 | D | D | 106,000 | 3,500 | 101,000 | 5,000 | 108,000 | 1,500 | 100,000 | 7,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 103,000 | 3,000 | 88,000 | 8,500 | D | D | 101,000 | 3,500 | 92,000 | 14,500 | 105,000 | 2,500 | 91,000 | 5,500 |
Computer/ information scientists | 117,000 | 2,500 | D | D | D | D | 118,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 115,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 110,000 | 7,000 | D | D | D | D | 114,000 | 12,000 | D | D | 106,000 | 15,000 | D | D |
Physical scientists | 114,000 | 3,000 | 112,000 | 7,500 | D | D | 102,000 | 4,500 | 112,000 | 8,500 | 116,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
Psychologists | 98,000 | 1,500 | 95,000 | 4,500 | D | D | D | D | 97,000 | 4,000 | 98,000 | 1,500 | D | D |
Social scientists | 120,000 | 3,500 | 98,000 | 12,500 | D | D | 124,000 | 8,500 | 108,000 | 16,000 | 123,000 | 4,500 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 116,000 | 1,000 | 116,000 | 12,000 | D | D | 99,000 | 4,500 | 119,000 | 10,500 | 119,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 132,000 | 6,000 | 97,000 | 4,000 | D | D | 125,000 | 11,500 | 101,000 | 8,000 | 138,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 120,000 | 2,000 | 115,000 | 20,500 | D | D | 105,000 | 7,000 | 121,000 | 18,500 | 120,000 | 4,000 | D | D |
State or local government | 83,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 6,000 | D | D | 81,000 | 3,500 | 84,000 | 5,000 | 85,000 | 1,500 | 79,000 | 18,000 |
Science occupations | 80,000 | 1,500 | 72,000 | 8,000 | D | D | 79,000 | 4,000 | 83,000 | 6,500 | 80,000 | 2,000 | 74,000 | 10,500 |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 70,000 | 3,500 | D | D | D | D | 60,000 | 11,500 | D | D | 71,000 | 5,500 | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | 89,000 | 7,500 | D | D | D | D | 88,000 | 6,500 | D | D | S | S | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | 85,000 | 11,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Physical scientists | 79,000 | 3,000 | D | D | D | D | 79,000 | 5,500 | D | D | 79,000 | 5,000 | D | D |
Psychologists | 83,000 | 4,500 | 73,000 | 9,000 | D | D | D | D | 91,000 | 3,500 | 83,000 | 3,000 | D | D |
Social scientists | 78,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 75,000 | 5,500 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 90,000 | 8,500 | D | D | D | D | 87,000 | 8,500 | D | D | 98,000 | 9,500 | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 93,000 | 5,000 | D | D | D | D | 95,000 | 7,000 | D | D | 91,000 | 7,000 | S | S |
Non-S&E occupations | 82,000 | 6,500 | D | D | D | D | 60,000 | 22,500 | 68,000 | 10,500 | 85,000 | 6,500 | D | D |
Self-employedg | 99,000 | 3,000 | 81,000 | 14,500 | D | D | 88,000 | 12,000 | 75,000 | 14,000 | 99,000 | 500 | D | D |
Science occupations | 99,000 | 500 | 67,000 | 9,500 | D | D | 97,000 | 11,000 | 73,000 | 33,000 | 100,000 | 500 | D | D |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | 113,000 | 19,000 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 117,000 | 23,000 | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | 75,000 | 18,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 60,000 | 20,000 | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Physical scientists | 63,000 | 10,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 49,000 | 8,500 | D | D |
Psychologists | 99,000 | 500 | 64,000 | 9,500 | D | D | D | D | 85,000 | 8,000 | 100,000 | 1,000 | D | D |
Social scientists | 96,000 | 7,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 95,000 | 11,000 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | 99,000 | 24,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 101,000 | 29,500 | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | 107,000 | 12,500 | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D | 96,000 | 11,500 | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 68,000 | 11,500 | 75,000 | 27,500 | D | D | 46,000 | 12,000 | 63,000 | 8,000 | 73,000 | 14,000 | D | D |
Other sectorh | 126,000 | 10,500 | 155,000 | 36,000 | D | D | 101,000 | 24,500 | D | D | 134,000 | 16,000 | D | D |
Science occupations | 128,000 | 16,500 | D | D | D | D | 72,000 | 18,500 | D | D | 147,000 | 23,500 | D | D |
Biological/ agricultural/ other life scientists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Computer/ information scientists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Mathematical scientists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Physical scientists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Psychologists | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Social scientists | 160,000 | 18,500 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 167,000 | 12,500 | D | D |
Engineering occupations | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
S&E-related occupations | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Non-S&E occupations | 151,000 | 28,500 | D | D | D | D | S | S | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error. |
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. |
d 4-year educational institution includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. e Other educational institution includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, precollege institutions, and other educational institutions. f Private, for-profit includes those self-employed in an incorporated business. g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business. h Other sector includes employers not broken out separately. |
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for the principal job and are rounded to the nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |