Table 8. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2013 |
Field | Not Hispanic or Latinob | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All employed | Hispanic or Latinoa | American Indian or Alaska Native | Asian | Black or African American | White | Other racec | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | Total | Male | Female | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 720,800 | 1,900 | 480,800 | 1,550 | 240,000 | 1,050 | 26,500 | 250 | 15,500 | 300 | 11,000 | 250 | 1,600 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 146,900 | 900 | 105,400 | 800 | 41,500 | 650 | 23,600 | 350 | 12,500 | 300 | 11,100 | 250 | 513,000 | 1,750 | 340,900 | 1,500 | 172,100 | 1,000 | 9,200 | 400 | 5,500 | 350 | 3,800 | 250 |
Science | 553,600 | 1,850 | 353,200 | 1,450 | 200,400 | 1,100 | 21,200 | 300 | 12,000 | 250 | 9,300 | 200 | 1,400 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 89,300 | 800 | 57,700 | 650 | 31,600 | 550 | 18,900 | 350 | 9,800 | 300 | 9,000 | 250 | 415,400 | 1,700 | 268,500 | 1,400 | 146,800 | 900 | 7,400 | 350 | 4,300 | 300 | 3,100 | 200 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 183,500 | 1,000 | 113,300 | 850 | 70,200 | 700 | 7,000 | 200 | 4,200 | 150 | 2,800 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 33,600 | 550 | 19,000 | 500 | 14,600 | 350 | 5,000 | 200 | 2,800 | 150 | 2,200 | 100 | 135,000 | 950 | 85,600 | 750 | 49,400 | 600 | 2,700 | 250 | 1,600 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 16,800 | 550 | 12,300 | 450 | 4,500 | 250 | 800 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 2,600 | 250 | 1,600 | 200 | 1,000 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 12,600 | 500 | 9,600 | 450 | 3,000 | 250 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,700 | 900 | 18,100 | 700 | 9,700 | 600 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 6,000 | 400 | 3,400 | 300 | 2,600 | 300 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 19,800 | 750 | 13,400 | 600 | 6,400 | 500 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,400 | 600 | 12,200 | 500 | 9,200 | 450 | 700 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 5,500 | 350 | 3,000 | 300 | 2,500 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 14,300 | 500 | 8,400 | 450 | 5,900 | 350 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 50 |
Environmental life sciences | 7,600 | 400 | 5,300 | 350 | 2,200 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 800 | 150 | 400 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 6,200 | 350 | 4,600 | 350 | 1,600 | 200 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Microbiology | 13,100 | 600 | 7,300 | 500 | 5,800 | 450 | 800 | 150 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 2,100 | 250 | 1,000 | 200 | 1,100 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 9,600 | 500 | 5,500 | 400 | 4,100 | 350 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 |
Zoology | 9,000 | 500 | 6,500 | 450 | 2,500 | 300 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 500 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 7,900 | 450 | 5,800 | 400 | 2,100 | 250 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D |
Other biological sciences | 87,900 | 1,350 | 51,600 | 950 | 36,300 | 900 | 3,300 | 200 | 1,800 | 150 | 1,500 | 150 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 16,000 | 650 | 9,300 | 500 | 6,700 | 400 | 2,500 | 200 | 1,300 | 150 | 1,200 | 100 | 64,600 | 1,200 | 38,300 | 850 | 26,300 | 800 | 1,400 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 100 |
Computer/ information sciences | 21,900 | 300 | 17,900 | 300 | 4,000 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 8,400 | 300 | 6,900 | 300 | 1,500 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 12,100 | 300 | 9,900 | 250 | 2,200 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,600 | 500 | 25,400 | 500 | 7,200 | 300 | 1,000 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 8,500 | 300 | 6,300 | 300 | 2,300 | 200 | 800 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 22,000 | 500 | 17,600 | 450 | 4,400 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | * | * |
Physical sciences | 122,200 | 800 | 97,500 | 750 | 24,700 | 450 | 3,600 | 150 | 2,700 | 150 | 900 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D | 25,000 | 550 | 18,900 | 450 | 6,100 | 300 | 2,400 | 150 | 1,700 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 89,500 | 750 | 72,900 | 700 | 16,600 | 350 | 1,400 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 300 | 100 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 5,000 | 350 | 4,200 | 350 | 800 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 500 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,200 | 350 | 3,600 | 300 | 600 | 150 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 61,200 | 650 | 46,100 | 550 | 15,100 | 350 | 1,900 | 150 | 1,300 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 13,800 | 450 | 9,700 | 350 | 4,100 | 250 | 1,700 | 150 | 1,200 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 42,900 | 600 | 33,400 | 550 | 9,600 | 300 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesd | 19,400 | 350 | 14,800 | 350 | 4,600 | 200 | 600 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 2,500 | 150 | 1,900 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 15,900 | 350 | 12,200 | 350 | 3,800 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Physics | 36,600 | 550 | 32,400 | 550 | 4,200 | 250 | 900 | 100 | 800 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 8,200 | 300 | 6,900 | 250 | 1,300 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 400 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 26,500 | 550 | 23,800 | 550 | 2,700 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D |
Psychology | 104,900 | 700 | 45,600 | 600 | 59,300 | 700 | 5,100 | 200 | 1,700 | 100 | 3,400 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 4,500 | 250 | 1,400 | 150 | 3,100 | 200 | 5,300 | 200 | 1,600 | 150 | 3,700 | 200 | 88,100 | 750 | 40,200 | 600 | 47,900 | 650 | 1,600 | 200 | 500 | 100 | 1,100 | 150 |
Social sciences | 88,500 | 850 | 53,500 | 700 | 35,100 | 500 | 4,000 | 150 | 2,200 | 150 | 1,800 | 100 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 9,300 | 300 | 5,300 | 300 | 4,000 | 200 | 4,900 | 200 | 2,700 | 200 | 2,200 | 150 | 68,700 | 750 | 42,300 | 650 | 26,400 | 450 | 1,200 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 100 |
Economics | 23,800 | 450 | 18,000 | 400 | 5,900 | 250 | 1,000 | 100 | 800 | 100 | 300 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,200 | 250 | 2,800 | 250 | 1,500 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 200 | 50 | 17,500 | 400 | 13,600 | 400 | 3,900 | 200 | 200 | 100 | 200 | 100 | D | D |
Political sciences | 20,400 | 650 | 13,600 | 550 | 6,800 | 400 | 800 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | D | D | 1,600 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 600 | 100 | 1,500 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 16,200 | 600 | 11,100 | 500 | 5,100 | 350 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Sociology | 14,300 | 450 | 6,300 | 300 | 8,000 | 350 | 600 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 400 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 1,000 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 1,200 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 11,200 | 450 | 5,000 | 300 | 6,300 | 350 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 100 |
Other social sciences | 29,900 | 800 | 15,600 | 650 | 14,400 | 500 | 1,600 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 800 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 2,400 | 250 | 1,100 | 150 | 1,300 | 150 | 1,400 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 23,700 | 700 | 12,600 | 600 | 11,200 | 450 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 300 | 100 |
Engineering | 133,700 | 850 | 115,700 | 850 | 18,000 | 350 | 4,000 | 150 | 3,200 | 150 | 800 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D | 53,100 | 650 | 45,600 | 600 | 7,500 | 300 | 2,600 | 150 | 2,000 | 150 | 500 | 50 | 72,600 | 700 | 63,700 | 700 | 9,000 | 300 | 1,200 | 200 | 1,100 | 150 | 200 | 50 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,200 | 400 | 4,800 | 400 | 400 | 150 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | 1,400 | 300 | 1,300 | 250 | D | D | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 3,500 | 350 | 3,200 | 350 | 300 | 100 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Chemical engineering | 16,500 | 700 | 13,900 | 700 | 2,700 | 300 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 100 | 200 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 6,000 | 400 | 5,000 | 400 | 1,100 | 200 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 9,400 | 600 | 8,100 | 550 | 1,300 | 200 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D |
Civil engineering | 11,300 | 600 | 9,900 | 550 | 1,300 | 200 | 600 | 150 | 600 | 150 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 4,100 | 350 | 3,600 | 350 | 400 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 6,200 | 450 | 5,400 | 450 | 800 | 150 | D | D | D | D | D | D |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 39,400 | 500 | 35,100 | 500 | 4,300 | 200 | 900 | 150 | 800 | 150 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 18,500 | 400 | 16,000 | 400 | 2,500 | 200 | 800 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 18,700 | 400 | 17,200 | 400 | 1,500 | 100 | 400 | 150 | 400 | 150 | D | D |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 13,900 | 600 | 11,500 | 550 | 2,400 | 300 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 5,200 | 400 | 4,300 | 400 | 900 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D | 8,100 | 550 | 6,700 | 450 | 1,500 | 250 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | D | D |
Mechanical engineering | 19,400 | 800 | 17,800 | 750 | 1,600 | 250 | 600 | 100 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 8,000 | 550 | 7,200 | 500 | 800 | 200 | 400 | 100 | 300 | 100 | D | D | 10,300 | 500 | 9,700 | 500 | 600 | 150 | 100 | 50 | 100 | 50 | D | D |
Other engineering | 28,100 | 800 | 22,800 | 800 | 5,300 | 300 | 900 | 150 | 600 | 100 | 300 | 50 | D | D | D | D | D | D | 9,900 | 500 | 8,100 | 450 | 1,800 | 250 | 500 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 50 | 16,400 | 650 | 13,500 | 650 | 2,900 | 250 | 300 | 100 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Health | 33,500 | 450 | 11,800 | 350 | 21,600 | 400 | 1,200 | 100 | 300 | 50 | 900 | 100 | 100 | 50 | D | D | D | D | 4,500 | 250 | 2,100 | 150 | 2,400 | 200 | 2,200 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 1,500 | 100 | 25,000 | 450 | 8,700 | 300 | 16,300 | 400 | 500 | 100 | 100 | 50 | 500 | 100 |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. |
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race. c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. |
d Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |