Table 9. Employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 2013 |
Field | All employed | U.S. citizen | Non-U.S. citizen | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Total | Native born | Naturalized | Total | Permanent resident | Temporary resident | ||||||||
Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | Number | SE | |
All fields | 720,800 | 1,900 | 622,900 | 1,950 | 509,900 | 1,700 | 113,000 | 1,250 | 97,900 | 1,150 | 70,100 | 950 | 27,800 | 750 |
Science | 553,600 | 1,850 | 491,400 | 1,750 | 419,100 | 1,700 | 72,300 | 1,000 | 62,200 | 1,000 | 45,300 | 900 | 16,900 | 550 |
Biological/ agricultural/ environmental life sciences | 183,500 | 1,000 | 163,700 | 1,050 | 138,100 | 950 | 25,600 | 700 | 19,800 | 650 | 14,000 | 600 | 5,800 | 350 |
Agricultural/ food sciences | 16,800 | 550 | 14,600 | 550 | 12,100 | 500 | 2,500 | 250 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,700 | 250 | 500 | 150 |
Biochemistry/ biophysics | 27,700 | 900 | 24,500 | 850 | 19,700 | 800 | 4,800 | 400 | 3,300 | 350 | 2,100 | 250 | 1,100 | 200 |
Cell/ molecular biology | 21,400 | 600 | 18,600 | 600 | 14,800 | 500 | 3,900 | 350 | 2,800 | 300 | 2,100 | 250 | 700 | 150 |
Environmental life sciences | 7,600 | 400 | 6,900 | 350 | 6,200 | 350 | 700 | 150 | 700 | 150 | 500 | 150 | 200 | 100 |
Microbiology | 13,100 | 600 | 12,200 | 550 | 10,500 | 500 | 1,700 | 200 | 900 | 200 | 700 | 200 | 200 | 100 |
Zoology | 9,000 | 500 | 8,700 | 500 | 8,100 | 450 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 200 | 100 | S | S |
Other biological sciences | 87,900 | 1,350 | 78,200 | 1,250 | 66,700 | 1,150 | 11,500 | 500 | 9,700 | 550 | 6,700 | 500 | 3,000 | 300 |
Computer/ information sciences | 21,900 | 300 | 15,800 | 350 | 10,700 | 300 | 5,100 | 300 | 6,100 | 300 | 4,500 | 300 | 1,600 | 200 |
Mathematics/ statistics | 32,600 | 500 | 25,500 | 550 | 19,200 | 450 | 6,200 | 350 | 7,100 | 300 | 5,200 | 350 | 1,900 | 200 |
Physical sciences | 122,200 | 800 | 105,600 | 850 | 85,700 | 800 | 19,800 | 650 | 16,600 | 550 | 12,100 | 550 | 4,500 | 300 |
Astronomy/ astrophysics | 5,000 | 350 | 4,700 | 350 | 4,100 | 350 | 600 | 150 | 300 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Chemistry, except biochemistry | 61,200 | 650 | 53,100 | 650 | 42,900 | 600 | 10,200 | 500 | 8,100 | 400 | 5,900 | 450 | 2,200 | 200 |
Earth/ atmospheric/ ocean sciencesa | 19,400 | 350 | 17,200 | 350 | 15,200 | 350 | 2,000 | 200 | 2,200 | 200 | 1,700 | 200 | 500 | 100 |
Physics | 36,600 | 550 | 30,500 | 650 | 23,500 | 550 | 7,000 | 350 | 6,100 | 300 | 4,300 | 300 | 1,700 | 200 |
Psychology | 104,900 | 700 | 102,200 | 750 | 96,600 | 750 | 5,600 | 350 | 2,700 | 300 | 2,100 | 250 | 600 | 150 |
Social sciences | 88,500 | 850 | 78,700 | 900 | 68,700 | 800 | 10,000 | 450 | 9,800 | 450 | 7,400 | 450 | 2,400 | 250 |
Economics | 23,800 | 450 | 19,100 | 500 | 15,200 | 450 | 3,900 | 300 | 4,800 | 300 | 3,300 | 300 | 1,400 | 200 |
Political sciences | 20,400 | 650 | 18,800 | 650 | 16,900 | 600 | 1,900 | 250 | 1,600 | 250 | 1,200 | 250 | 500 | 100 |
Sociology | 14,300 | 450 | 13,600 | 450 | 12,400 | 450 | 1,200 | 150 | 700 | 100 | 600 | 100 | 100 | 50 |
Other social sciences | 29,900 | 800 | 27,200 | 800 | 24,300 | 750 | 2,900 | 300 | 2,800 | 250 | 2,300 | 300 | 400 | 100 |
Engineering | 133,700 | 850 | 100,800 | 950 | 63,900 | 750 | 36,900 | 800 | 33,000 | 700 | 22,900 | 650 | 10,000 | 450 |
Aerospace/ aeronautical/ astronautical engineering | 5,200 | 400 | 4,000 | 350 | 2,900 | 300 | 1,200 | 250 | 1,100 | 250 | 700 | 200 | 400 | 150 |
Chemical engineering | 16,500 | 700 | 13,300 | 650 | 9,100 | 550 | 4,300 | 300 | 3,200 | 350 | 2,300 | 250 | 900 | 200 |
Civil engineering | 11,300 | 600 | 8,300 | 500 | 4,700 | 350 | 3,600 | 350 | 3,000 | 350 | 2,000 | 300 | 1,000 | 200 |
Electrical/ computer engineering | 39,400 | 500 | 27,800 | 600 | 15,600 | 400 | 12,200 | 450 | 11,600 | 500 | 8,200 | 450 | 3,300 | 250 |
Materials/ metallurgical engineering | 13,900 | 600 | 10,900 | 500 | 7,800 | 450 | 3,200 | 250 | 3,000 | 350 | 2,100 | 300 | 900 | 200 |
Mechanical engineering | 19,400 | 800 | 14,200 | 550 | 9,000 | 450 | 5,100 | 400 | 5,200 | 500 | 3,800 | 450 | 1,400 | 250 |
Other engineering | 28,100 | 800 | 22,300 | 750 | 14,800 | 600 | 7,400 | 450 | 5,800 | 400 | 3,800 | 350 | 2,100 | 200 |
Health | 33,500 | 450 | 30,800 | 500 | 27,000 | 500 | 3,800 | 250 | 2,700 | 200 | 1,800 | 200 | 900 | 150 |
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 50. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards. SE = standard error. a Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences includes other physical sciences. |
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 100. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2013. |
Data from survey cycle 2013, as of 18 February 2014. |