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Table 9. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 2015

Field All employed U.S. citizen Non-U.S. citizen
Total Native born Naturalized Total Permanent resident Temporary resident
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All fields 787,250 1,900 681,900 2,075 529,250 1,900 152,600 1,675 105,400 1,225 76,700 1,225 28,700 650
Science 597,050 1,975 531,400 1,975 435,900 1,825 95,550 1,350 65,650 1,025 47,800 975 17,850 500
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences 195,050 1,075 172,500 1,175 141,700 1,175 30,800 725 22,600 575 15,950 575 6,650 325
Agricultural/food sciences 18,050 400 15,400 375 12,100 350 3,300 250 2,650 200 1,900 175 750 100
Biochemistry/biophysics 28,050 425 24,550 500 19,650 475 4,900 325 3,500 300 2,450 250 1,000 175
Cell/molecular biology 23,300 350 20,800 375 15,650 400 5,150 350 2,550 275 1,850 225 700 150
Environmental life sciences 8,400 225 7,600 250 6,650 225 950 100 850 75 550 75 300 50
Microbiology 12,950 350 11,850 350 9,900 300 1,950 200 1,050 150 750 150 300 75
Zoology 7,750 250 7,300 250 6,600 225 700 125 500 100 400 100 100 50
Other biological sciences 96,550 625 85,000 750 71,150 725 13,850 500 11,550 400 8,050 375 3,500 225
Computer/information sciences 24,600 325 17,100 400 10,900 275 6,200 300 7,500 325 5,600 325 1,900 175
Mathematics/statistics 35,950 550 29,450 600 20,350 475 9,100 475 6,450 350 4,400 325 2,100 200
Physical sciences 131,550 950 114,300 975 88,300 850 26,000 700 17,300 575 13,100 550 4,200 250
Astronomy/astrophysics 5,350 150 4,750 150 4,100 150 650 100 600 125 500 125 100 50
Chemistry, except biochemistry 65,700 600 57,050 625 44,200 650 12,850 500 8,600 425 6,650 400 1,950 200
Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciencesa 21,050 250 18,900 275 15,650 250 3,250 200 2,150 150 1,600 150 550 75
Physics 39,450 550 33,550 600 24,300 525 9,250 500 5,900 350 4,350 350 1,550 150
Psychology 114,200 750 111,750 775 102,700 825 9,050 475 2,450 200 2,000 175 450 100
Social sciences 95,650 950 86,300 875 71,950 875 14,350 500 9,350 375 6,750 325 2,600 225
Economics 25,900 500 21,050 425 15,300 400 5,750 350 4,850 300 3,200 250 1,700 200
Political sciences 21,750 450 20,350 475 17,750 475 2,650 275 1,400 200 1,150 175 250 100
Sociology 14,950 300 14,300 325 12,400 300 1,900 200 650 125 500 125 100 50
Other social sciences 33,100 500 30,600 475 26,500 450 4,100 250 2,450 175 1,900 175 550 75
Engineering 151,900 925 115,950 1,025 64,850 850 51,150 975 35,900 750 26,100 750 9,800 400
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineering 6,400 175 5,450 175 3,500 175 2,000 175 900 125 650 125 250 75
Chemical engineering 17,500 375 13,750 375 8,800 300 5,000 350 3,750 275 2,400 250 1,350 175
Civil engineering 13,550 350 10,650 375 4,950 300 5,700 400 2,900 250 2,050 225 850 100
Electrical/computer engineering 44,100 500 31,700 625 15,050 450 16,650 600 12,400 425 9,550 450 2,850 200
Materials and metallurgical engineering 15,300 275 11,550 350 7,200 275 4,300 325 3,750 275 2,750 250 1,000 150
Mechanical engineering 22,150 450 16,900 525 8,750 400 8,150 475 5,250 400 3,750 425 1,500 200
Other engineering 32,900 400 25,950 450 16,550 350 9,400 400 6,950 300 5,000 300 2,000 175
Health 38,350 475 34,500 500 28,550 475 5,950 325 3,850 250 2,800 200 1,050 175
a Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Includes other physical sciences.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.