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Table 20. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by broad field of doctorate, sex, and tenure status: 2015

Field and sex All employed Tenured Not tenured Tenure not applicable
On tenure track Not on tenure track
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All fields 323,200 2,250 149,500 1,750 47,000 950 44,100 1,075 82,550 1,275
Male 204,550 2,025 105,500 1,575 27,900 750 24,100 875 47,050 1,125
Female 118,650 1,125 44,050 800 19,100 475 20,000 625 35,500 700
Science 262,500 2,050 121,300 1,525 36,200 775 35,900 1,000 69,100 1,200
Male 164,900 1,875 85,050 1,350 21,650 650 19,450 750 38,750 1,025
Female 97,600 1,025 36,300 725 14,600 400 16,450 600 30,350 650
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences 89,650 1,100 33,200 800 11,400 450 13,750 575 31,300 725
Male 53,550 1,050 23,600 750 7,000 400 6,750 475 16,200 600
Female 36,050 625 9,550 375 4,350 275 7,000 350 15,100 450
Computer/information sciences 9,000 350 4,900 300 1,850 200 700 125 1,550 200
Male 7,100 350 3,950 275 1,450 200 600 125 1,150 175
Female 1,900 150 950 100 450 75 100 50 400 75
Mathematics/statistics 20,350 600 12,750 550 2,900 250 1,800 225 2,900 250
Male 15,350 550 10,200 525 1,800 200 1,300 200 2,000 225
Female 5,000 300 2,500 200 1,100 150 500 125 900 125
Physical sciences 46,700 850 20,500 625 5,600 275 6,550 425 14,050 550
Male 36,250 825 16,600 625 4,050 225 5,000 375 10,600 500
Female 10,500 375 3,900 225 1,550 150 1,550 175 3,450 225
Psychology 38,150 825 16,100 550 5,050 325 6,100 400 10,900 500
Male 16,550 625 8,450 475 1,950 200 2,300 275 3,850 350
Female 21,600 575 7,700 350 3,050 200 3,800 300 7,050 375
Social sciences 58,600 950 33,900 825 9,400 425 6,900 375 8,400 500
Male 36,100 775 22,250 675 5,350 325 3,500 300 5,000 425
Female 22,550 475 11,650 375 4,050 225 3,400 250 3,450 225
Engineering 40,300 925 20,200 750 6,400 375 4,700 375 9,000 425
Male 33,350 900 17,450 725 5,050 375 3,800 350 7,050 400
Female 6,950 300 2,750 225 1,350 150 950 100 1,950 175
Health 20,400 475 8,000 350 4,400 275 3,500 300 4,450 300
Male 6,300 325 2,950 225 1,200 150 900 150 1,250 175
Female 14,100 425 5,000 325 3,200 250 2,650 250 3,250 250
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Four-year educational institutions include 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.