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Table 23. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by broad field of doctorate, primary work activity, and secondary work activity: 2015

Field and primary work activity All employed Secondary work activity
Computer applications Management, sales, or administrationa R&Db Teaching Otherc None
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All fields 323,200 2,250 8,650 450 67,950 1,125 121,550 1,600 65,350 1,150 21,450 625 38,250 825
Computer applications 2,650 225 na na 450 125 1,500 150 250 75 S S 400 100
Management, sales, or administrationa 37,050 925 300 100 9,350 450 11,850 550 10,000 475 2,900 250 2,650 250
R&Db 135,300 1,500 6,300 425 28,150 750 35,450 925 49,700 1,000 4,800 325 10,900 500
Teaching 126,450 1,600 1,850 200 24,150 700 68,550 1,200 na na 13,250 475 18,650 625
Other work activityc 21,750 675 200 75 5,900 375 4,250 350 5,400 350 450 125 5,650 400
Science 262,500 2,050 6,700 375 56,900 1,100 96,600 1,350 52,000 1,050 18,000 525 32,300 750
Computer applications 1,950 200 na na 350 100 1,050 125 200 75 D D 350 100
Management, sales, or administrationa 29,050 850 250 100 7,400 425 9,200 500 7,650 425 2,400 225 2,150 250
R&Db 108,450 1,325 4,750 350 23,550 675 27,300 875 39,400 875 4,150 300 9,250 475
Teaching 104,150 1,350 1,500 150 20,250 625 55,500 950 na na 11,050 425 15,800 550
Other work activityc 18,950 625 150 75 5,350 375 3,600 300 4,750 325 350 100 4,750 375
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences 89,650 1,100 1,900 200 23,700 675 31,850 850 16,000 650 5,500 375 10,700 500
Computer applications 500 100 na na 100 50 350 75 D D D D S S
Management, sales, or administrationa 9,550 475 S S 2,100 225 3,700 250 2,450 275 700 100 600 125
R&Db 47,900 900 1,750 200 13,800 550 13,900 600 11,150 475 2,650 250 4,700 350
Teaching 23,400 625 D D 5,850 350 11,900 525 na na 2,050 200 3,550 275
Other work activityc 8,200 450 S S 1,850 225 2,000 225 2,400 275 150 50 1,750 225
Computer/information sciences 9,000 350 900 150 1,500 200 3,550 275 2,200 250 150 50 750 150
Computer applications 350 100 na na D D 100 50 D D D D 150 75
Management, sales, or administrationa 1,050 150 D D 250 100 300 100 300 100 50 25 D D
R&Db 3,950 300 200 75 650 150 1,000 175 1,850 250 D D 150 75
Teaching 3,600 250 600 125 450 100 2,050 200 na na 100 50 300 125
Other work activityc 100 50 D D 50 50 D D D D D D D D
Mathematics/statistics 20,350 600 850 150 2,800 275 7,950 450 4,850 325 1,150 150 2,750 250
Computer applications 150 50 na na D D 50 50 D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 1,700 225 D D 500 150 350 125 600 150 D D 200 100
R&Db 6,500 375 400 125 450 100 1,100 200 4,100 300 D D 450 125
Teaching 11,600 425 450 100 1,800 225 6,450 375 na na 1,050 150 1,900 225
Other work activityc 400 100 D D D D D D 50 50 D D 200 75
Physical sciences 46,700 850 2,250 225 9,750 450 18,000 575 9,000 400 2,100 200 5,650 425
Computer applications 750 150 na na 200 100 350 75 50 50 D D S S
Management, sales, or administrationa 5,050 350 200 100 1,050 175 2,050 275 1,200 175 200 50 350 125
R&Db 21,150 675 1,750 200 3,750 300 6,050 375 7,200 375 550 125 1,850 225
Teaching 17,650 675 300 100 4,100 325 9,150 425 na na 1,300 150 2,850 275
Other work activityc 2,150 225 D D 650 100 350 125 550 125 50 25 500 125
Psychology 38,150 825 450 100 9,550 450 11,950 500 7,250 400 4,300 325 4,750 350
Computer applications 150 50 na na D D 100 50 D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 5,100 350 D D 1,250 150 1,400 200 1,250 175 800 150 400 100
R&Db 11,300 450 350 100 2,850 250 2,250 175 4,750 325 500 125 600 125
Teaching 15,850 575 100 50 3,300 300 7,400 400 na na 2,850 275 2,250 225
Other work activityc 5,800 400 D D 2,100 275 850 150 1,200 175 150 75 1,500 225
Social sciences 58,600 950 350 100 9,650 450 23,350 650 12,750 525 4,800 300 7,750 400
Computer applications 100 50 na na D D S S D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 6,650 425 D D 2,250 250 1,350 175 1,850 225 650 125 550 100
R&Db 17,650 550 300 100 2,100 200 3,000 275 10,400 450 450 100 1,450 225
Teaching 31,950 800 D D 4,700 300 18,550 600 na na 3,700 250 4,950 325
Other work activityc 2,250 250 D D 600 125 350 100 500 100 D D 750 150
Engineering 40,300 925 1,800 200 6,250 350 17,950 700 9,100 500 1,300 175 3,850 300
Computer applications 650 125 na na S S 450 125 D D D D S S
Management, sales, or administrationa 4,650 275 D D 1,000 150 1,850 200 1,200 175 250 75 300 100
R&Db 19,950 650 1,350 175 2,600 250 6,950 450 7,700 475 350 100 1,000 175
Teaching 13,650 625 350 125 2,350 250 8,350 500 na na 700 150 1,900 225
Other work activityc 1,350 175 D D 150 50 400 100 200 75 D D 550 125
Health 20,400 475 150 50 4,800 350 7,000 450 4,200 300 2,150 225 2,100 200
Computer applications S S na na D D D D D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 3,350 300 D D 950 175 800 150 1,150 200 300 100 150 75
R&Db 6,900 350 150 50 2,000 225 1,200 125 2,600 225 300 100 650 150
Teaching 8,650 425 D D 1,500 200 4,750 375 na na 1,500 200 900 175
Other work activityc 1,450 225 D D 350 125 250 100 450 100 D D 300 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
na = not applicable; same work activity cannot be reported as both primary and secondary except Management, R&D and Other, because these categories include more than one type of work activity. SE = standard error.
a Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
b R&D includes applied and basic research, design, and development.
c Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Four-year educational institutions include 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by the respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.