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Table 27-1. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics, primary or secondary work activity, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2015

Characteristic All employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 787,250 1,900 519,400 1,700 267,850 1,050 32,400 425 19,400 425 13,000 300 1,500 175 950 150 550 75 178,300 1,350 126,750 1,350 51,550 825 27,350 400 14,300 350 13,050 325 537,850 1,700 352,500 1,625 185,300 1,150 9,900 375 5,550 350 4,350 225
Age
Under 35 81,800 900 47,150 700 34,650 625 3,950 200 2,100 175 1,850 125 100 50 S S 50 25 24,300 625 14,900 500 9,400 350 2,700 150 1,000 100 1,700 125 49,050 700 28,250 600 20,850 425 1,650 150 850 125 800 100
35–39 108,100 1,250 64,050 1,050 44,050 775 5,500 225 2,950 175 2,550 175 150 50 100 50 50 25 34,750 825 22,450 750 12,300 475 3,850 225 1,700 150 2,150 150 61,800 1,000 35,800 750 26,000 675 2,000 175 1,050 150 1,000 125
40–44 104,300 1,450 64,600 1,200 39,700 775 4,950 225 2,650 175 2,300 150 300 75 250 75 50 25 31,000 925 21,200 775 9,750 475 4,450 225 2,150 175 2,300 150 62,200 1,150 37,550 975 24,650 625 1,450 175 800 150 600 100
45–49 100,750 1,450 65,400 1,175 35,350 775 4,650 250 2,950 225 1,750 150 150 50 50 25 100 25 26,000 875 18,900 825 7,100 400 3,800 250 2,000 200 1,800 175 64,700 1,175 40,700 875 24,000 700 1,450 175 750 150 700 125
50–54 102,050 1,275 69,900 1,200 32,150 700 4,550 250 2,850 200 1,650 175 100 25 50 25 50 25 26,200 950 20,200 900 6,000 375 2,950 200 1,750 175 1,150 125 67,300 1,200 44,400 1,025 22,900 675 1,000 125 600 125 400 75
55–59 94,700 1,400 64,550 1,125 30,150 725 3,850 250 2,700 250 1,200 125 350 100 200 75 150 50 16,150 700 12,650 625 3,500 325 2,900 200 1,650 150 1,250 150 70,650 1,275 46,950 1,050 23,700 675 800 150 450 100 350 75
60–64 93,500 1,275 66,300 1,175 27,200 675 2,550 200 1,600 150 900 125 150 50 50 50 50 25 11,600 675 9,500 600 2,150 250 3,700 275 2,250 200 1,450 175 74,800 1,125 52,550 1,050 22,250 600 700 100 400 75 300 75
65–75 102,050 1,325 77,500 1,225 24,600 700 2,350 175 1,550 150 800 100 250 100 200 100 50 50 8,250 450 6,950 425 1,350 175 3,000 200 1,800 175 1,200 150 87,300 1,300 66,350 1,175 20,950 675 850 175 650 150 200 50
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 123,300 525 70,950 700 52,350 700 7,100 250 3,800 200 3,300 150 200 50 150 50 100 25 35,700 550 22,500 500 13,200 350 5,550 200 2,500 175 3,050 150 72,050 575 40,650 625 31,400 450 2,700 175 1,400 125 1,300 125
6–10 137,650 775 80,800 900 56,800 800 6,800 225 3,500 175 3,300 175 300 75 150 50 200 50 43,450 750 28,850 700 14,600 500 5,950 250 2,700 200 3,200 175 78,900 850 44,400 700 34,450 575 2,250 175 1,150 150 1,100 125
11–15 112,050 1,025 68,400 975 43,600 750 5,300 250 3,050 200 2,200 175 400 75 250 75 150 50 27,550 750 19,600 675 8,000 425 4,900 275 2,450 225 2,450 150 72,600 850 42,500 775 30,100 575 1,250 125 550 100 700 100
16–20 111,750 775 72,150 800 39,600 625 4,850 250 3,050 250 1,800 125 250 75 200 75 100 25 27,850 725 20,900 700 6,950 350 3,500 200 1,750 125 1,750 175 74,050 850 45,600 750 28,400 625 1,250 175 600 150 600 100
21–25 94,050 875 63,900 850 30,150 550 3,400 225 2,350 175 1,050 125 S S S S D D 20,900 675 15,850 600 5,050 325 2,400 175 1,500 150 900 100 66,150 900 43,350 725 22,800 525 1,100 150 800 150 300 75
> 25 208,500 1,575 163,150 1,400 45,300 800 4,950 250 3,650 225 1,350 125 200 100 200 75 50 25 22,800 750 19,050 700 3,750 325 5,000 250 3,300 200 1,700 175 174,100 1,475 136,000 1,375 38,150 725 1,350 175 1,000 175 350 75
Citizenship status
U.S. citizen 681,900 2,075 445,150 1,700 236,750 1,125 27,100 425 15,700 425 11,400 250 1,500 175 900 150 550 75 105,200 1,275 74,950 1,275 30,250 675 24,300 375 12,200 375 12,100 300 514,450 1,825 336,200 1,675 178,200 1,175 9,350 375 5,150 325 4,200 225
Native-born 529,250 1,900 335,950 1,850 193,300 1,125 17,400 350 9,300 350 8,100 200 1,450 150 900 150 550 75 15,800 550 9,600 475 6,200 300 17,550 350 7,250 275 10,300 275 469,000 1,825 304,550 1,775 164,450 1,100 8,100 350 4,400 300 3,650 200
Naturalized 152,600 1,675 109,200 1,450 43,400 875 9,700 300 6,400 250 3,300 175 D D D D D D 89,400 1,225 65,350 1,225 24,050 650 6,750 275 4,950 275 1,800 150 45,450 1,175 31,700 1,025 13,750 550 1,250 175 750 150 500 100
Non-U.S. citizen 105,400 1,225 74,250 1,125 31,150 675 5,300 225 3,700 200 1,650 125 50 25 D D D D 73,100 1,025 51,800 1,000 21,300 550 3,050 225 2,100 175 950 125 23,400 700 16,300 600 7,100 350 550 100 400 100 150 50
Permanent resident 76,700 1,225 53,500 1,025 23,200 650 3,500 200 2,400 175 1,100 100 D D D D D D 52,250 1,025 36,650 925 15,600 525 2,100 175 1,450 150 700 125 18,400 675 12,750 600 5,650 325 450 100 300 100 150 50
Temporary resident 28,700 650 20,800 600 7,900 350 1,800 150 1,300 150 500 75 D D D D D D 20,850 575 15,150 500 5,650 325 900 125 650 125 250 75 5,000 275 3,550 225 1,450 150 100 50 100 50 D D
Employer location
New England 68,700 1,350 44,900 1,200 23,750 725 2,100 175 1,300 150 800 100 100 50 50 50 D D 13,950 650 9,400 600 4,550 300 1,300 125 800 125 450 75 50,450 1,125 32,800 975 17,650 600 800 125 500 125 300 75
Middle Atlantic 115,650 1,650 73,950 1,300 41,700 925 3,700 200 2,100 175 1,550 125 150 75 S S D D 27,500 900 18,650 775 8,800 475 3,850 225 2,050 175 1,800 150 79,200 1,375 50,300 1,025 28,900 775 1,300 175 700 150 600 125
East North Central 96,850 1,450 64,750 1,225 32,100 725 3,200 225 1,950 175 1,200 125 150 50 100 50 50 25 20,650 775 15,500 750 5,150 325 3,100 225 1,600 175 1,500 175 68,750 1,125 45,000 950 23,750 600 1,050 150 600 125 450 75
West North Central 45,550 1,050 29,550 900 16,000 550 1,250 125 750 100 500 75 100 50 * * 100 25 7,700 500 5,400 425 2,300 225 1,000 125 500 100 500 100 34,900 875 22,500 775 12,450 475 550 100 350 100 200 50
South Atlantic 150,900 1,725 95,900 1,475 55,000 1,000 6,350 300 3,750 250 2,600 150 350 100 200 100 150 50 27,850 850 19,000 750 8,850 500 9,650 350 4,550 275 5,100 250 105,050 1,450 67,450 1,200 37,600 825 1,650 150 950 125 700 100
East South Central 27,050 725 17,900 625 9,150 400 600 100 400 75 200 50 50 25 D D * * 4,700 325 3,250 300 1,450 175 1,750 150 850 125 900 100 19,650 600 13,200 525 6,450 350 300 100 150 50 150 75
West South Central 64,400 1,150 44,800 975 19,600 675 3,850 250 2,450 225 1,400 125 200 75 200 75 50 25 16,450 650 12,200 650 4,250 275 2,800 175 1,500 125 1,300 150 40,250 1,000 27,900 825 12,350 575 800 125 550 125 250 50
Mountain 50,200 1,150 34,350 1,025 15,850 600 2,550 200 1,650 175 900 100 150 50 100 50 50 25 6,050 425 4,400 375 1,650 200 600 100 400 75 250 50 40,200 1,075 27,500 900 12,750 550 600 100 350 75 300 75
Pacific 160,950 2,000 108,150 1,650 52,850 950 6,450 275 3,650 225 2,800 175 250 50 100 50 150 50 51,350 1,175 37,050 1,150 14,300 500 3,050 225 1,800 200 1,250 125 97,150 1,500 64,200 1,200 32,950 850 2,700 200 1,350 175 1,400 125
U.S. territories and other areas 7,050 425 5,100 375 1,900 175 2,400 200 1,350 150 1,050 125 D D D D D D 2,150 275 1,850 250 300 100 250 75 200 75 50 25 2,150 250 1,650 250 500 100 100 50 100 50 D D
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutiond 323,200 2,250 204,550 2,025 118,650 1,125 14,950 375 8,700 325 6,250 250 650 100 400 75 300 50 57,950 1,175 38,750 1,025 19,250 600 12,350 375 6,650 300 5,750 225 233,100 1,825 147,800 1,650 85,300 1,075 4,100 275 2,250 225 1,850 150
Other educational institutione 28,300 725 14,200 600 14,100 450 1,550 125 600 100 950 100 100 50 S S 50 25 2,250 250 1,050 175 1,200 175 2,150 175 1,000 150 1,100 125 21,900 675 11,350 550 10,550 425 350 75 150 50 250 75
Private, for-profitf 266,650 2,150 199,650 2,125 67,000 925 9,350 350 6,600 300 2,700 175 400 100 300 100 100 50 92,850 1,325 70,950 1,325 21,850 675 6,550 250 3,950 225 2,600 200 154,700 1,675 115,950 1,475 38,750 850 2,850 225 1,900 200 950 100
Private, nonprofit 52,200 1,050 30,350 900 21,850 625 2,250 175 1,100 150 1,150 125 50 50 D D S S 9,050 500 5,400 400 3,600 300 1,650 150 700 100 950 100 38,400 1,000 22,650 800 15,700 575 800 125 450 100 400 75
Federal government 50,200 1,000 32,900 875 17,300 600 1,950 150 1,250 125 700 100 100 50 50 25 50 25 7,300 450 4,850 375 2,450 250 2,300 150 1,000 125 1,300 125 37,750 900 25,400 800 12,400 500 850 100 400 75 450 75
State or local government 16,200 625 9,500 550 6,700 350 700 100 350 75 350 75 * * D D D D 3,400 350 2,350 300 1,100 175 1,150 150 500 100 700 100 10,600 500 6,200 400 4,400 300 300 75 150 50 150 50
Self-employedg 45,600 1,025 25,000 825 20,600 625 1,150 125 450 75 750 125 S S S S 50 25 3,900 325 2,300 275 1,600 225 850 125 350 75 500 100 38,950 950 21,600 700 17,400 600 600 125 250 125 350 75
Other sectorh 4,900 350 3,250 325 1,650 225 500 100 350 75 150 50 D D D D D D 1,600 250 1,100 225 450 125 350 100 150 50 200 100 2,450 250 1,600 225 800 150 D D D D D D
Primary or secondary work activityi
Any R&D 494,300 2,400 347,400 2,125 146,900 1,325 20,650 425 13,250 375 7,400 250 850 125 550 100 300 75 131,950 1,325 95,750 1,300 36,200 725 14,650 350 8,450 275 6,200 275 320,250 2,025 225,750 1,825 94,450 1,175 5,950 325 3,650 275 2,350 200
Applied research 272,400 2,225 187,250 1,925 85,150 1,025 11,550 325 7,350 275 4,200 200 500 125 350 100 150 50 70,600 1,350 51,250 1,175 19,350 550 8,500 300 4,700 225 3,800 225 178,150 1,900 121,900 1,700 56,250 875 3,150 250 1,750 175 1,400 150
Basic research 175,600 1,700 120,900 1,525 54,700 925 7,650 300 4,800 275 2,850 150 300 75 150 50 100 25 40,900 1,000 27,450 875 13,450 500 4,900 200 3,050 175 1,850 125 119,550 1,350 83,950 1,225 35,550 800 2,300 175 1,450 175 900 100
Design 52,800 1,125 43,100 1,075 9,700 475 1,850 175 1,450 150 400 75 100 25 50 25 D D 20,050 750 16,400 700 3,600 275 1,350 150 1,000 125 350 100 28,750 900 23,700 875 5,100 325 700 125 550 125 200 50
Development 117,400 1,625 88,750 1,350 28,700 700 4,650 275 3,150 225 1,550 125 200 50 150 50 50 50 43,750 1,025 33,350 950 10,400 400 2,900 175 1,600 150 1,300 125 64,600 1,200 49,600 1,000 15,000 550 1,300 150 950 150 350 75
Computer applications 67,000 1,100 56,200 1,050 10,750 425 1,850 150 1,450 125 400 75 100 50 100 50 D D 27,100 725 21,950 700 5,150 300 1,150 125 900 125 250 50 36,200 875 31,300 825 4,900 275 600 100 450 100 100 50
Management, sales, or administrationj 310,450 2,075 198,100 1,800 112,350 1,200 12,000 350 6,800 300 5,150 225 600 125 350 100 200 50 58,200 1,225 40,350 1,100 17,850 600 10,950 350 5,450 250 5,500 250 224,500 1,950 142,850 1,425 81,650 1,225 4,200 300 2,250 250 1,950 175
Professional services 116,450 1,625 62,050 1,450 54,450 950 4,900 250 2,350 200 2,550 175 350 125 250 100 100 25 15,400 775 9,400 650 6,000 400 4,500 250 1,550 175 2,950 200 89,700 1,375 47,750 1,200 41,950 900 1,600 200 750 150 850 125
Teaching 234,000 2,050 144,300 1,800 89,700 1,025 11,200 350 6,300 300 4,900 200 550 75 300 75 300 50 32,350 925 21,550 825 10,800 500 10,400 375 5,450 300 4,950 225 176,300 1,675 109,150 1,450 67,150 925 3,150 200 1,550 175 1,600 150
Other work activitiesk 69,100 1,325 41,850 1,100 27,300 775 3,000 225 1,800 200 1,200 125 100 50 50 50 50 25 14,250 575 9,250 525 5,000 350 3,250 225 1,600 175 1,650 150 47,500 975 28,600 900 18,900 600 1,000 150 550 125 450 75
Federal support
Receiving support 216,350 2,075 146,450 1,575 69,900 1,100 8,650 275 5,200 250 3,500 175 400 75 250 75 150 50 42,900 1,075 29,400 900 13,500 500 6,700 300 3,650 250 3,100 175 154,750 1,750 106,350 1,350 48,400 950 2,900 225 1,600 175 1,300 125
Not receiving support 569,050 2,525 371,700 2,175 197,350 1,425 23,650 400 14,150 375 9,500 275 1,100 150 650 125 400 50 134,700 1,275 96,850 1,275 37,850 725 20,550 450 10,600 350 9,950 325 382,150 2,100 245,500 1,800 136,650 1,350 6,950 325 3,950 300 3,000 200
Degree-job relationship
Closely related 517,450 2,025 336,700 1,850 180,750 1,075 22,700 400 13,550 400 9,150 275 950 100 550 100 400 75 111,450 1,250 79,750 1,250 31,700 675 18,850 425 9,750 350 9,100 325 356,850 1,775 229,450 1,525 127,400 1,150 6,650 350 3,650 275 3,000 225
Somewhat related 206,950 1,925 139,300 1,550 67,650 1,075 7,400 300 4,500 250 2,900 175 450 125 350 125 100 50 50,750 1,150 35,200 975 15,550 525 6,350 275 3,350 225 3,000 200 139,550 1,700 94,400 1,300 45,150 900 2,450 200 1,500 175 950 100
Not related 62,850 1,325 43,400 1,125 19,400 650 2,350 200 1,350 150 1,000 100 100 50 50 25 50 50 16,050 725 11,800 650 4,250 325 2,100 175 1,150 125 950 125 41,400 975 28,650 875 12,750 500 800 125 450 100 400 75
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
d Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
e Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
f Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
h Includes employers not broken out separately.
i Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses.
j Adminstration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
k Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Years since doctorate were calculated as academic years since doctorate attainment. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.