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Table 28-1. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary or secondary work activity: 2015

Characteristic All employed Research and development Computer applications Management, sales, or administrationa Professional services Teaching Otherb
Any R&D Applied research Basic research Design Development
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 787,250 1,900 494,300 2,400 272,400 2,225 175,600 1,700 52,800 1,125 117,400 1,625 67,000 1,100 310,450 2,075 116,450 1,625 234,000 2,050 69,100 1,325
Sex
Male 519,400 1,700 347,400 2,125 187,250 1,925 120,900 1,525 43,100 1,075 88,750 1,350 56,200 1,050 198,100 1,800 62,050 1,450 144,300 1,800 41,850 1,100
Female 267,850 1,050 146,900 1,325 85,150 1,025 54,700 925 9,700 475 28,700 700 10,750 425 112,350 1,200 54,450 950 89,700 1,025 27,300 775
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latinoc 32,400 425 20,650 425 11,550 325 7,650 300 1,850 175 4,650 275 1,850 150 12,000 350 4,900 250 11,200 350 3,000 225
Not Hispanic or Latinod
American Indian or Alaska Native 1,500 175 850 125 500 125 300 75 100 25 200 50 100 50 600 125 350 125 550 75 100 50
Asian 178,300 1,350 131,950 1,325 70,600 1,350 40,900 1,000 20,050 750 43,750 1,025 27,100 725 58,200 1,225 15,400 775 32,350 925 14,250 575
Black or African American 27,350 400 14,650 350 8,500 300 4,900 200 1,350 150 2,900 175 1,150 125 10,950 350 4,500 250 10,400 375 3,250 225
White 537,850 1,700 320,250 2,025 178,150 1,900 119,550 1,350 28,750 900 64,600 1,200 36,200 875 224,500 1,950 89,700 1,375 176,300 1,675 47,500 975
Other racee 9,900 375 5,950 325 3,150 250 2,300 175 700 125 1,300 150 600 100 4,200 300 1,600 200 3,150 200 1,000 150
Age
Under 35 81,800 900 63,200 900 35,850 725 26,150 575 7,250 375 15,600 475 11,000 400 23,400 625 7,000 350 18,700 500 7,100 350
35–39 108,100 1,250 79,300 1,125 44,550 875 31,650 875 7,200 425 19,400 675 12,200 525 35,800 800 11,550 550 28,600 675 8,600 450
40–44 104,300 1,450 69,900 1,325 37,250 900 25,550 675 7,450 450 16,600 625 9,750 500 40,700 950 12,600 550 31,000 850 9,200 500
45–49 100,750 1,450 63,600 1,125 33,900 975 21,300 750 7,100 450 16,500 700 7,650 475 44,000 1,050 13,200 700 30,000 800 8,850 475
50–54 102,050 1,275 60,700 1,100 32,700 875 18,800 725 7,650 475 15,600 650 8,650 500 46,500 1,000 14,500 650 29,350 825 9,300 525
55–59 94,700 1,400 55,750 1,125 30,850 850 17,750 625 6,350 450 12,700 600 6,800 450 41,250 1,025 15,050 700 30,700 875 8,200 475
60–64 93,500 1,275 50,550 950 29,450 700 16,400 550 4,700 375 10,250 600 5,700 425 40,250 1,000 18,300 700 30,550 900 8,050 500
65–75 102,050 1,325 51,300 950 27,850 850 18,000 625 5,150 350 10,750 450 5,200 375 38,550 900 24,300 825 35,100 950 9,900 500
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 123,300 525 90,850 800 53,500 750 35,950 725 9,350 400 21,850 625 15,000 425 35,200 725 12,250 475 32,250 650 10,750 425
6–10 137,650 775 95,650 925 52,500 950 36,050 850 10,150 500 22,950 700 14,000 600 47,750 875 15,500 575 41,300 775 12,200 550
11–15 112,050 1,025 70,850 1,050 38,400 900 24,400 725 7,600 425 17,050 675 8,400 450 46,350 925 15,100 650 35,050 750 10,500 500
16–20 111,750 775 66,050 1,000 35,600 900 20,300 650 8,100 500 17,250 700 9,400 450 50,950 1,050 17,200 625 32,400 850 10,100 500
21–25 94,050 875 53,750 950 29,800 750 16,800 650 5,600 350 13,000 600 7,800 400 42,900 825 16,050 650 27,300 700 7,800 425
> 25 208,500 1,575 117,150 1,425 62,600 1,125 42,100 975 12,050 575 25,300 800 12,350 575 87,350 1,150 40,350 1,075 65,700 1,275 17,700 700
Citizenship
U.S. citizen 681,900 2,075 410,000 2,350 227,100 2,125 144,950 1,525 40,650 925 92,650 1,450 49,150 1,000 283,400 2,000 110,450 1,550 212,200 1,900 61,100 1,200
Native-born 529,250 1,900 307,350 2,350 171,600 1,925 113,000 1,300 26,200 800 62,300 1,200 32,350 725 225,500 1,825 93,900 1,400 175,050 1,700 48,800 1,050
Naturalized 152,600 1,675 102,650 1,425 55,550 1,300 31,950 950 14,450 675 30,350 950 16,800 675 57,900 1,150 16,550 775 37,200 925 12,350 575
Non-U.S. citizen 105,400 1,225 84,300 1,050 45,300 850 30,650 800 12,150 575 24,750 650 17,800 625 27,050 750 6,000 475 21,800 650 8,000 450
Permanent resident 76,700 1,225 59,950 1,025 31,250 775 21,050 725 9,050 525 17,950 625 12,200 575 21,200 700 4,800 400 17,200 625 6,000 425
Temporary resident 28,700 650 24,350 650 14,100 550 9,600 400 3,100 275 6,800 350 5,600 325 5,900 350 1,200 200 4,600 250 2,000 225
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutionf 323,200 2,250 221,400 2,000 108,950 1,650 130,700 1,400 5,200 325 12,050 550 11,300 525 95,650 1,350 19,150 700 191,800 1,900 24,000 650
Other educational institutiong 28,300 725 5,400 350 1,900 200 2,050 250 550 125 1,250 175 550 125 8,900 475 3,600 300 21,400 625 3,750 300
Private, for-profith 266,650 2,150 175,300 1,775 97,900 1,575 15,250 600 37,250 950 86,150 1,275 42,100 875 125,850 1,900 42,750 1,050 7,600 425 22,600 675
Private, nonprofit 52,200 1,050 32,350 850 21,550 650 11,150 500 3,150 300 5,550 350 3,850 275 26,900 775 11,950 550 4,200 375 5,300 350
Federal government 50,200 1,000 34,450 850 25,950 725 11,800 550 3,350 300 5,350 400 4,800 325 24,600 750 6,600 375 2,350 225 6,100 400
State or local government 16,200 625 7,750 450 5,600 400 1,450 175 850 150 1,550 200 1,450 225 8,900 425 4,300 325 1,400 200 2,000 200
Self-employedi 45,600 1,025 14,450 625 8,450 475 2,450 250 2,100 250 4,550 350 2,450 275 17,800 650 27,350 800 5,000 425 4,550 375
Other sectorj 4,900 350 3,250 275 2,150 225 800 150 350 125 1,000 175 450 100 1,900 200 750 150 250 100 800 175
Employer location
New England 68,700 1,350 45,550 1,125 25,100 850 17,350 625 4,150 350 11,100 500 5,950 375 26,700 800 10,050 550 19,050 700 4,950 350
Middle Atlantic 115,650 1,650 69,900 1,275 37,400 925 27,400 800 5,950 400 15,550 625 9,600 475 45,300 1,000 19,050 800 37,000 875 9,650 475
East North Central 96,850 1,450 60,550 1,175 32,000 850 24,450 800 5,600 375 13,000 525 6,550 425 36,550 875 13,000 575 35,400 900 8,000 525
West North Central 45,550 1,050 28,800 800 16,400 600 11,050 500 2,050 250 6,100 450 2,350 250 17,400 700 6,450 450 17,200 650 3,600 300
South Atlantic 150,900 1,725 93,050 1,500 57,200 1,175 31,950 775 8,150 425 18,900 675 10,350 550 63,300 1,175 22,300 700 41,400 975 15,500 550
East South Central 27,050 725 16,800 575 9,600 475 6,900 400 1,400 200 2,900 275 1,700 225 9,350 450 4,000 350 11,550 475 2,400 225
West South Central 64,400 1,150 40,050 900 20,700 650 13,500 600 5,700 375 9,300 500 5,200 325 24,850 800 9,450 500 20,850 750 5,800 350
Mountain 50,200 1,150 31,650 925 17,750 575 11,250 600 4,000 375 6,550 425 4,000 300 19,400 700 7,850 500 15,100 625 4,550 325
Pacific 160,950 2,000 103,400 1,750 53,900 1,225 29,900 825 15,300 600 33,100 975 20,850 750 65,050 1,150 23,500 725 33,550 825 14,200 550
U.S. territories and other areas 7,050 425 4,550 350 2,400 250 1,800 200 600 175 850 175 450 150 2,550 275 800 150 2,900 225 450 150
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Adminstration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
b Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately.
c Hispanic or Latino may be of any race
d American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
e Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
f Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
g Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
h Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
i Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
j Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by the respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Years since doctorate were calculated as academic years since doctorate attainment. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.