Table 28-2. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary work activity: 2015
Characteristic
All employed
Research and development
Total
Computer applications
Management, sales, or administrationa
Professional services
Teaching
Otherb
Any R&D
Applied research
Basic research
Design
Development
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Number
SE
Doctorate recipient
787,250
1,900
326,350
2,150
156,000
1,525
93,650
1,400
19,550
650
57,150
1,200
460,900
2,300
34,000
875
143,300
1,700
95,800
1,400
152,800
1,725
35,050
950
Sex
Male
519,400
1,700
232,500
2,050
106,450
1,400
65,800
1,225
16,300
625
43,950
1,075
286,900
2,000
29,000
825
95,750
1,450
49,550
1,250
91,050
1,450
21,600
800
Female
267,850
1,050
93,850
1,150
49,500
825
27,850
700
3,250
275
13,250
525
174,000
1,400
5,050
300
47,550
900
46,250
950
61,750
875
13,400
525
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latinoc
32,400
425
13,650
375
6,750
250
3,850
200
800
150
2,250
200
18,750
400
750
125
5,300
300
3,950
225
7,450
300
1,350
125
Not Hispanic or Latinod
American Indian or Alaska Native
1,500
175
600
125
350
125
150
50
D
D
50
50
900
125
D
D
200
50
250
100
400
75
50
25
Asian
178,300
1,350
96,450
1,350
39,800
1,100
25,500
800
8,000
400
23,200
775
81,800
1,300
15,750
625
28,100
925
12,000
650
18,000
625
8,000
525
Black or African American
27,350
400
8,300
300
4,600
200
1,950
150
500
75
1,200
150
19,050
400
550
100
5,900
275
3,650
225
7,300
300
1,650
175
White
537,850
1,700
203,350
1,700
102,750
1,325
61,000
1,075
9,900
475
29,700
775
334,450
2,000
16,750
625
101,950
1,525
74,700
1,275
117,600
1,475
23,450
700
Other racee
9,900
375
4,000
275
1,700
175
1,250
125
300
100
750
125
5,900
325
250
75
1,850
200
1,300
200
2,000
175
550
125
Age
Under 35
81,800
900
47,850
850
21,400
575
16,250
550
2,400
225
7,800
375
34,000
700
5,100
350
8,300
350
5,750
325
11,600
400
3,250
300
35–39
108,100
1,250
57,000
1,075
27,450
800
17,650
650
2,650
250
9,300
525
51,100
875
5,950
350
13,600
550
9,500
500
17,900
500
4,100
325
40–44
104,300
1,450
47,000
1,100
22,050
675
13,700
625
2,650
250
8,550
475
57,300
1,175
4,800
375
17,850
750
10,300
525
19,600
625
4,750
350
45–49
100,750
1,450
40,300
900
19,100
675
10,850
575
2,150
200
8,200
525
60,450
1,200
4,300
375
21,500
775
10,600
625
19,500
625
4,550
350
50–54
102,050
1,275
37,800
925
17,700
650
9,850
500
2,900
325
7,300
425
64,250
1,075
4,900
400
24,600
800
11,450
575
19,000
650
4,350
375
55–59
94,700
1,400
34,100
850
17,150
625
8,300
450
2,600
300
6,050
400
60,600
1,350
3,600
325
21,100
725
12,150
600
19,900
700
3,850
325
60–64
93,500
1,275
30,700
875
15,950
625
7,900
450
2,050
275
4,750
425
62,800
1,150
2,850
300
19,400
775
15,400
675
20,900
750
4,200
325
65–75
102,050
1,325
31,650
725
15,200
575
9,200
475
2,150
225
5,150
375
70,400
1,175
2,450
275
16,900
700
20,650
775
24,350
750
6,000
400
Years since doctorate
≤ 5
123,300
525
66,300
825
31,500
675
21,550
600
2,700
225
10,500
425
57,000
750
6,900
325
13,150
500
9,950
450
22,100
525
4,900
325
6–10
137,650
775
66,000
1,000
31,800
850
19,000
675
3,950
275
11,250
575
71,650
975
6,900
425
19,750
675
12,650
525
26,350
600
5,950
375
11–15
112,050
1,025
46,050
1,000
22,100
700
12,500
550
2,450
250
9,000
550
66,000
1,025
4,400
325
20,750
675
11,850
575
23,300
600
5,650
375
16–20
111,750
775
41,300
850
19,200
575
10,500
500
3,150
300
8,450
525
70,450
1,025
5,500
350
25,050
825
13,700
600
21,450
700
4,700
350
21–25
94,050
875
32,700
800
16,850
600
8,050
425
2,250
225
5,550
400
61,350
875
4,450
375
21,700
725
13,700
575
17,750
575
3,800
350
> 25
208,500
1,575
74,000
1,225
34,600
800
22,100
775
5,000
425
12,350
575
134,500
1,425
5,850
350
42,850
1,050
33,950
975
41,850
1,050
10,000
525
Citizenship
U.S. citizen
681,900
2,075
263,200
2,075
129,850
1,450
74,400
1,250
15,300
575
43,700
975
418,650
2,200
24,200
800
131,800
1,625
91,100
1,375
140,550
1,625
31,050
850
Native-born
529,250
1,900
191,650
1,925
98,600
1,350
56,300
1,000
9,100
475
27,650
750
337,650
1,975
14,650
550
102,750
1,325
77,700
1,300
118,950
1,475
23,550
725
Naturalized
152,600
1,675
71,550
1,300
31,250
975
18,100
700
6,200
450
16,050
675
81,050
1,375
9,550
550
29,000
850
13,400
675
21,650
675
7,500
525
Non-U.S. citizen
105,400
1,225
63,150
900
26,150
675
19,300
650
4,250
350
13,450
550
42,250
1,000
9,800
450
11,500
500
4,700
400
12,200
475
4,000
325
Permanent resident
76,700
1,225
43,950
875
18,300
575
12,850
550
3,150
325
9,650
475
32,750
925
6,950
425
9,400
450
3,800
350
9,550
450
3,000
300
Temporary resident
28,700
650
19,200
600
7,850
425
6,400
325
1,100
175
3,800
300
9,500
450
2,850
275
2,100
250
900
175
2,650
175
1,000
125
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutionf
323,200
2,250
135,300
1,500
56,900
1,075
73,650
1,250
1,100
175
3,650
300
187,900
1,850
2,650
225
37,050
925
12,700
550
126,450
1,600
9,100
475
Other educational institutiong
28,300
725
1,300
175
800
150
200
75
100
50
200
75
26,950
725
150
50
3,350
300
2,850
300
19,650
600
1,000
150
Private, for-profith
266,650
2,150
124,450
1,625
58,050
1,225
5,050
375
15,300
575
46,050
1,050
142,200
1,800
25,400
725
65,350
1,375
36,050
975
2,800
250
12,600
625
Private, nonprofit
52,200
1,050
23,750
725
14,000
550
6,750
400
700
150
2,300
225
28,450
800
1,500
175
12,850
550
9,600
550
1,000
175
3,500
325
Federal government
50,200
1,000
25,700
725
16,950
550
6,050
400
750
125
2,000
250
24,500
725
2,000
225
13,250
575
5,050
350
450
100
3,700
325
State or local government
16,200
625
5,150
350
3,600
300
750
125
350
100
400
100
11,100
500
650
150
5,200
350
3,350
300
550
125
1,350
175
Self-employedi
45,600
1,025
8,350
475
4,400
350
750
125
1,100
225
2,100
225
37,300
925
1,450
225
5,150
375
25,650
800
1,850
250
3,200
325
Other sectorj
4,900
350
2,350
250
1,350
200
450
125
150
75
400
125
2,550
250
200
75
1,100
175
600
150
D
D
600
150
Employer location
New England
68,700
1,350
30,600
950
14,450
550
9,650
500
1,200
225
5,300
375
38,100
1,025
3,050
300
11,400
500
8,450
525
12,750
650
2,400
225
Middle Atlantic
115,650
1,650
45,750
1,050
21,300
750
15,050
600
2,100
225
7,300
425
69,950
1,400
4,850
375
20,500
750
15,650
725
23,800
675
5,150
400
East North Central
96,850
1,450
39,050
1,000
17,800
625
12,500
600
2,000
250
6,750
450
57,800
1,100
3,100
325
16,600
625
10,550
500
23,750
700
3,750
350
West North Central
45,550
1,050
18,050
675
8,900
475
5,500
375
700
150
2,950
325
27,500
800
1,250
175
7,050
425
5,450
425
11,850
550
1,850
225
South Atlantic
150,900
1,725
61,650
1,175
34,300
900
15,800
575
3,000
275
8,550
475
89,250
1,425
4,800
400
30,700
900
18,350
675
27,100
775
8,250
425
East South Central
27,050
725
10,650
500
5,200
300
3,500
325
450
125
1,550
250
16,400
650
600
150
4,200
350
2,900
300
7,700
400
1,000
150
West South Central
64,400
1,150
26,500
750
11,500
525
7,900
500
2,300
250
4,850
400
37,850
1,025
2,600
250
11,900
525
8,000
475
12,700
550
2,700
275
Mountain
50,200
1,150
20,900
725
10,050
450
6,100
400
1,700
250
3,050
275
29,300
875
1,850
200
9,450
450
6,550
475
9,000
475
2,450
250
Pacific
160,950
2,000
70,250
1,400
31,000
900
16,900
675
5,900
400
16,500
700
90,700
1,550
11,750
600
30,300
950
19,250
700
22,250
700
7,200
475
U.S. territories and other areas
7,050
425
2,900
300
1,450
225
800
150
200
125
450
125
4,150
325
200
100
1,150
150
650
125
1,850
175
250
125