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Table 39. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and citizenship status: 2015

Occupation All employed U.S. citizen Non-U.S. citizen
Total Native born Naturalized Total Permanent resident Temporary resident
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All occupations 787,250 1,900 681,900 2,075 529,250 1,900 152,600 1,675 105,400 1,225 76,700 1,225 28,700 650
Science occupations 446,850 2,100 386,350 1,950 312,550 1,675 73,800 1,300 60,500 1,025 43,400 950 17,150 550
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 139,300 1,325 118,350 1,325 96,150 1,100 22,250 700 20,950 650 14,350 550 6,550 350
Agricultural/food scientists 9,100 425 7,600 375 6,000 350 1,550 200 1,550 175 1,100 150 450 75
Biochemists/biophysicists 13,150 575 10,350 550 8,050 475 2,300 225 2,800 225 1,650 200 1,150 150
Biological scientists 21,150 700 17,950 650 14,400 575 3,600 350 3,200 250 1,850 225 1,350 175
Forestry/conservation scientists 2,150 225 1,950 200 1,750 200 200 75 200 50 150 50 50 25
Medical scientists 31,450 850 26,050 775 20,750 650 5,300 350 5,400 400 4,100 325 1,300 200
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences 6,350 375 5,800 350 5,000 300 750 125 600 125 500 125 100 50
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 34,800 775 32,300 750 28,600 675 3,700 325 2,500 250 2,000 225 500 125
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists 21,100 625 16,400 550 11,550 450 4,800 375 4,750 375 3,050 300 1,700 225
Computer/information scientists 48,900 875 36,100 775 21,600 575 14,500 650 12,800 525 9,700 500 3,100 275
Computer/information scientists 40,450 825 29,600 775 17,650 525 11,950 625 10,850 475 8,100 450 2,700 250
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 8,450 375 6,500 350 3,950 250 2,550 275 1,950 225 1,550 200 400 100
Mathematical scientists 34,450 650 27,600 625 19,450 500 8,100 400 6,850 400 4,700 375 2,150 225
Mathematical scientists 15,650 550 12,000 500 8,000 400 4,000 325 3,700 300 2,350 250 1,300 200
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics 18,750 575 15,600 550 11,450 450 4,150 350 3,150 325 2,350 300 800 125
Physical scientists 84,150 1,175 72,550 1,050 58,550 900 14,050 600 11,600 500 8,350 450 3,250 225
Chemists, except biochemists 19,850 625 16,850 600 12,750 500 4,100 375 3,000 275 2,100 250 850 125
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists 10,050 350 8,650 300 7,250 300 1,400 150 1,400 150 950 125 500 75
Physicists/astronomers 12,850 500 10,800 450 8,850 425 1,950 250 2,100 225 1,350 200 750 125
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 15,950 600 14,300 550 12,450 550 1,900 175 1,650 200 1,350 175 300 75
Postsecondary teachers, physics 10,800 475 9,350 475 7,250 425 2,100 225 1,450 200 1,200 175 250 75
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 7,600 325 6,950 275 6,050 275 900 125 650 125 500 100 150 50
Other physical scientists 7,100 375 5,700 350 4,000 275 1,750 250 1,350 200 850 175 500 100
Psychologists 74,950 950 73,400 975 67,450 975 5,950 400 1,550 175 1,300 150 250 75
Psychologists 55,900 900 55,100 900 50,600 875 4,500 375 800 150 650 125 150 75
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 19,000 600 18,300 600 16,850 575 1,450 175 750 125 650 125 100 50
Social scientists 65,150 950 58,350 925 49,350 850 9,000 450 6,800 325 4,950 300 1,850 175
Economists 7,800 450 5,700 375 4,350 325 1,350 175 2,100 225 1,200 200 900 150
Political scientists 1,700 200 1,550 200 1,400 200 200 100 100 75 100 75 D D
Postsecondary teachers, economics 10,200 425 8,500 375 6,500 325 2,000 225 1,700 175 1,350 175 400 100
Postsecondary teachers, political science 10,100 450 9,450 425 8,100 400 1,350 225 650 150 500 125 150 75
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 8,200 400 7,850 400 6,800 350 1,000 150 350 100 250 75 100 50
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 16,150 550 15,000 525 12,950 475 2,050 200 1,100 125 900 150 200 50
Sociologists/anthropologists 3,050 225 2,900 225 2,650 200 250 75 150 50 100 50 D D
Other social scientists 8,000 400 7,400 375 6,650 375 750 150 600 125 500 125 100 50
Engineering occupations 107,450 1,300 81,100 1,175 47,550 875 33,550 950 26,350 775 18,450 725 7,850 425
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers 5,650 375 5,000 325 3,250 275 1,800 225 650 175 500 150 150 75
Chemical engineers 6,650 400 4,650 325 2,850 250 1,800 225 2,000 225 1,100 175 900 175
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers 5,650 350 4,250 350 2,000 250 2,250 300 1,400 200 950 175 450 100
Electrical engineers 21,450 650 14,500 575 7,650 450 6,850 475 6,900 400 5,100 400 1,800 200
Industrial engineers 1,050 175 700 150 450 125 250 100 350 100 200 75 150 75
Mechanical engineers 10,200 450 7,250 450 3,750 325 3,450 325 2,950 275 1,900 250 1,050 175
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 25,850 875 21,050 800 12,500 575 8,550 525 4,800 350 3,700 300 1,100 175
Other engineers 31,050 700 23,700 575 15,050 525 8,650 375 7,350 475 5,100 425 2,250 200
S&E-related occupations 92,750 1,550 85,100 1,500 66,200 1,300 18,850 800 7,700 450 6,100 425 1,600 200
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 34,550 1,050 31,300 1,000 24,100 775 7,250 575 3,250 325 2,550 275 700 150
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 23,050 700 21,500 700 18,400 675 3,100 300 1,550 200 1,150 150 400 125
S&E managers, including health 26,600 950 24,700 900 17,800 700 6,900 425 1,900 250 1,750 250 150 50
S&E precollege teachers 4,650 325 4,550 325 4,050 325 550 100 50 25 50 25 D D
S&E technicians and technologists 3,050 275 2,300 250 1,600 200 700 150 750 150 500 125 300 75
Other S&E-related occupations 850 125 700 125 350 100 350 100 150 75 S S D D
Non-S&E occupations 140,150 1,700 129,350 1,650 102,950 1,500 26,400 875 10,850 500 8,750 475 2,100 200
Arts/humanities-related occupations 7,950 450 7,200 425 6,350 375 850 150 750 175 700 175 100 25
Management-related occupations 27,000 750 23,650 700 18,400 650 5,250 425 3,400 275 2,850 275 500 100
Non-S&E managers 55,450 1,200 52,700 1,150 40,750 1,025 11,950 550 2,800 300 2,200 250 550 125
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 18,750 600 17,050 575 13,950 525 3,100 300 1,700 175 1,200 150 500 100
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers 3,900 275 3,700 275 3,150 250 500 125 250 100 200 100 D D
Sales/marketing occupations 8,150 450 7,500 450 5,250 325 2,300 250 600 125 550 125 S S
Social service–related occupations 6,000 400 5,900 375 5,250 375 650 150 100 50 100 50 D D
Other non-S&E occupations 12,900 500 11,650 475 9,850 425 1,800 225 1,250 200 950 175 300 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.