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Table 41. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and years since doctorate: 2015

Occupation All employed ≤ 5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 > 25
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All occupations 787,250 1,900 123,300 525 137,650 775 112,050 1,025 111,750 775 94,050 875 208,500 1,575
Science occupations 446,850 2,100 77,900 725 79,950 900 64,250 1,050 59,950 925 49,450 925 115,350 1,400
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 139,300 1,325 27,950 550 27,950 650 21,600 675 17,700 625 13,300 525 30,850 875
Agricultural/food scientists 9,100 425 1,350 125 1,850 225 1,150 150 1,200 175 1,300 150 2,300 225
Biochemists/biophysicists 13,150 575 4,150 250 2,450 225 1,900 225 1,500 200 850 150 2,250 225
Biological scientists 21,150 700 6,300 300 4,150 300 3,150 350 2,600 300 1,700 200 3,250 375
Forestry/conservation scientists 2,150 225 350 75 550 125 300 75 200 50 200 50 550 150
Medical scientists 31,450 850 7,200 350 6,850 400 5,050 350 3,400 350 2,400 275 6,500 400
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences 6,350 375 500 100 800 100 1,000 150 1,050 125 800 125 2,200 250
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 34,800 775 2,950 175 6,700 350 5,750 375 5,050 350 4,250 300 10,150 500
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists 21,100 625 5,200 275 4,650 300 3,250 300 2,700 275 1,750 225 3,650 300
Computer/information scientists 48,900 875 9,700 375 9,650 475 6,300 350 8,000 450 5,500 350 9,700 450
Computer/information scientists 40,450 825 8,250 350 7,850 475 5,300 325 6,850 425 4,450 300 7,750 425
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 8,450 375 1,450 150 1,850 200 1,000 150 1,150 175 1,050 150 1,950 225
Mathematical scientists 34,450 650 6,500 300 6,750 375 4,900 325 5,000 325 3,550 275 7,800 400
Mathematical scientists 15,650 550 3,700 250 3,300 325 2,350 250 2,350 275 1,200 175 2,750 225
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics 18,750 575 2,800 225 3,450 275 2,500 200 2,650 250 2,350 225 5,050 350
Physical scientists 84,150 1,175 13,500 375 14,200 450 11,600 475 10,050 425 10,350 525 24,450 750
Chemists, except biochemists 19,850 625 3,950 225 3,050 275 2,800 275 1,900 200 2,800 300 5,300 400
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists 10,050 350 1,800 125 1,850 150 1,100 100 1,200 150 1,400 175 2,750 200
Physicists/astronomers 12,850 500 2,500 200 1,900 200 1,750 225 1,400 175 1,100 200 4,150 350
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 15,950 600 1,900 175 3,050 300 2,400 250 2,250 225 1,850 200 4,450 350
Postsecondary teachers, physics 10,800 475 1,250 150 1,450 175 1,650 225 1,250 175 1,450 200 3,750 325
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 7,600 325 900 100 1,350 125 1,100 125 1,000 125 850 100 2,300 225
Other physical scientists 7,100 375 1,150 150 1,500 200 800 150 1,000 175 850 150 1,800 200
Psychologists 74,950 950 8,400 350 10,600 425 9,350 400 10,200 425 10,350 475 26,050 725
Psychologists 55,900 900 5,850 325 7,100 425 6,300 400 7,550 450 8,200 450 20,850 700
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 19,000 600 2,550 175 3,500 250 3,050 250 2,650 225 2,100 200 5,150 375
Social scientists 65,150 950 11,850 350 10,850 375 10,550 450 8,950 475 6,450 325 16,500 625
Economists 7,800 450 1,350 150 1,100 150 1,150 150 1,000 175 950 175 2,250 275
Political scientists 1,700 200 400 100 200 75 300 100 250 100 S S 400 125
Postsecondary teachers, economics 10,200 425 1,550 175 1,450 175 1,400 150 1,300 175 1,050 150 3,450 250
Postsecondary teachers, political science 10,100 450 1,900 225 1,400 225 1,850 225 1,500 200 850 175 2,550 275
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 8,200 400 1,300 125 1,550 175 1,400 150 1,200 150 850 125 1,900 200
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 16,150 550 2,650 200 3,100 200 2,700 225 2,200 200 1,700 175 3,750 300
Sociologists/anthropologists 3,050 225 850 125 450 75 450 100 350 100 200 75 700 125
Other social scientists 8,000 400 1,850 175 1,600 200 1,250 150 1,200 150 650 150 1,450 175
Engineering occupations 107,450 1,300 20,150 550 22,450 725 14,650 575 15,700 525 12,200 550 22,350 650
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers 5,650 375 850 125 800 150 700 150 1,150 175 900 175 1,250 200
Chemical engineers 6,650 400 1,750 225 1,600 225 600 150 950 175 700 150 1,050 175
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers 5,650 350 1,000 125 1,200 200 600 125 850 175 500 125 1,500 225
Electrical engineers 21,450 650 4,450 250 4,650 350 3,450 325 3,150 300 2,500 300 3,250 300
Industrial engineers 1,050 175 450 100 200 75 200 100 D D D D 100 50
Mechanical engineers 10,200 450 2,050 200 2,550 275 1,300 175 1,650 250 1,150 225 1,500 250
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 25,850 875 3,100 250 5,200 400 3,650 275 3,000 250 3,600 325 7,200 450
Other engineers 31,050 700 6,550 325 6,250 375 4,200 325 4,750 350 2,850 250 6,450 375
S&E-related occupations 92,750 1,550 11,800 400 16,650 550 14,350 550 14,150 575 12,900 625 22,900 825
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 34,550 1,050 5,050 300 6,000 375 4,700 425 4,650 325 4,700 450 9,450 575
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 23,050 700 3,450 225 5,600 375 4,050 275 3,600 275 2,300 250 4,050 325
S&E managers, including health 26,600 950 2,000 175 3,500 250 4,600 350 4,550 375 4,550 350 7,450 475
S&E precollege teachers 4,650 325 700 125 650 125 750 150 650 100 800 175 1,150 175
S&E technicians and technologists 3,050 275 550 100 700 150 250 75 450 125 400 125 700 175
Other S&E-related occupations 850 125 100 50 200 75 D D 250 75 150 75 100 50
Non-S&E occupations 140,150 1,700 13,400 475 18,600 625 18,800 650 21,950 800 19,550 650 47,900 1,125
Arts/humanities-related occupations 7,950 450 1,050 150 1,050 150 1,150 200 950 150 650 125 3,050 300
Management-related occupations 27,000 750 2,950 250 4,150 350 3,850 350 4,300 325 3,650 375 8,100 450
Non-S&E managers 55,450 1,200 2,750 200 4,950 350 6,900 450 9,500 575 9,300 475 22,000 750
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 18,750 600 3,000 225 3,650 275 2,450 200 2,800 275 2,000 175 4,900 325
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers 3,900 275 500 100 350 75 500 100 750 150 500 125 1,300 200
Sales/marketing occupations 8,150 450 850 150 1,400 200 1,050 175 1,250 225 950 175 2,600 300
Social service–related occupations 6,000 400 950 125 750 125 950 200 1,100 200 800 150 1,450 225
Other non-S&E occupations 12,900 500 1,400 150 2,250 225 1,850 225 1,300 200 1,600 200 4,450 400
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Years since doctorate were calculated as academic years since doctorate attainment. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.