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Table 42. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and sector of employment: 2015

Occupation All employed 4-year educational institutiona Other educational institutionb Private, for-profitc Private, nonprofit Federal government State or local government Self-employedd Othere
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All occupations 787,250 1,900 323,200 2,250 28,300 725 266,650 2,150 52,200 1,050 50,200 1,000 16,200 625 45,600 1,025 4,900 350
Science occupations 446,850 2,100 215,750 1,850 16,400 525 115,150 1,625 27,650 750 32,650 875 9,050 425 27,350 850 2,850 250
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 139,300 1,325 72,900 1,075 3,900 300 33,650 1,000 10,350 525 12,200 475 2,700 200 2,950 325 600 150
Agricultural/food scientists 9,100 425 2,250 200 D D 4,200 325 350 75 1,600 175 250 75 450 125 50 25
Biochemists/biophysicists 13,150 575 5,400 350 D D 5,500 375 950 150 900 175 S S 250 100 S S
Biological scientists 21,150 700 8,950 400 50 50 3,850 325 2,250 225 4,450 300 1,000 125 550 125 100 50
Forestry/conservation scientists 2,150 225 350 75 D D 250 100 350 75 750 125 200 75 S S S S
Medical scientists 31,450 850 11,550 525 D D 10,850 500 4,150 300 2,850 275 650 125 1,150 200 200 100
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences 6,350 375 6,100 375 250 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 34,800 775 31,400 775 3,400 275 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists 21,100 625 6,900 375 100 50 9,050 550 2,300 250 1,650 200 600 100 500 125 100 50
Computer/information scientists 48,900 875 11,500 475 300 75 30,950 825 2,050 225 1,800 200 600 150 1,500 225 150 75
Computer/information scientists 40,450 825 3,300 275 50 50 30,950 825 2,050 225 1,800 200 600 150 1,500 225 150 75
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 8,450 375 8,200 375 250 75 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 34,450 650 19,800 575 1,450 200 8,400 400 1,700 225 1,950 225 300 100 600 125 150 75
Mathematical scientists 15,650 550 2,450 250 50 50 8,400 400 1,700 225 1,950 225 300 100 600 125 150 75
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics 18,750 575 17,350 575 1,400 200 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Physical scientists 84,150 1,175 40,350 850 4,050 275 23,750 775 3,850 325 8,750 450 1,600 200 1,450 175 350 75
Chemists, except biochemists 19,850 625 2,300 225 D D 13,350 550 650 150 2,200 250 600 125 600 125 100 50
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists 10,050 350 2,750 200 D D 3,200 225 1,000 150 2,200 175 400 100 400 100 100 25
Physicists/astronomers 12,850 500 3,700 275 D D 3,750 325 1,600 175 3,050 300 300 100 300 100 100 50
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 15,950 600 13,550 550 2,450 250 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, physics 10,800 475 9,750 475 1,000 175 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 7,600 325 7,150 300 400 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other physical scientists 7,100 375 1,150 175 D D 3,450 325 550 125 1,350 175 300 100 200 50 S S
Psychologists 74,950 950 24,500 725 3,900 325 14,150 675 5,750 400 4,150 300 2,700 275 19,400 750 400 125
Psychologists 55,900 900 6,800 425 2,600 275 14,150 675 5,750 400 4,150 300 2,700 275 19,400 750 400 125
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 19,000 600 17,700 575 1,350 175 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Social scientists 65,150 950 46,650 800 2,750 275 4,250 350 3,950 275 3,750 275 1,150 175 1,450 200 1,200 150
Economists 7,800 450 1,000 175 D D 2,000 250 1,200 200 1,750 200 450 150 300 100 1,050 150
Political scientists 1,700 200 400 125 D D 150 75 450 125 550 150 100 50 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, economics 10,200 425 9,850 425 350 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, political science 10,100 450 9,450 425 700 150 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 8,200 400 7,550 375 650 125 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 16,150 550 15,450 550 700 125 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Sociologists/anthropologists 3,050 225 800 125 D D 500 100 600 125 550 125 100 50 350 75 D D
Other social scientists 8,000 400 2,200 175 350 125 1,600 200 1,650 225 900 150 450 100 750 175 50 50
Engineering occupations 107,450 1,300 32,750 925 200 50 60,200 1,025 3,250 275 6,350 425 1,500 225 2,400 300 750 175
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers 5,650 375 250 75 D D 3,600 275 600 125 1,050 150 D D D D D D
Chemical engineers 6,650 400 300 100 D D 5,650 350 150 75 400 125 D D 50 50 D D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers 5,650 350 750 175 D D 3,100 300 150 75 550 150 750 175 250 100 D D
Electrical engineers 21,450 650 1,450 200 D D 17,450 625 450 100 1,300 175 150 100 550 150 100 50
Industrial engineers 1,050 175 100 75 D D 800 150 D D D D D D S S D D
Mechanical engineers 10,200 450 1,000 200 D D 7,750 450 350 125 800 150 D D 150 75 D D
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 25,850 875 25,700 875 150 50 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Other engineers 31,050 700 3,250 250 D D 21,850 650 1,550 175 2,200 200 500 100 1,300 225 400 125
S&E-related occupations 92,750 1,550 34,650 875 5,450 350 30,000 950 9,950 500 6,500 375 2,400 250 3,450 325 350 100
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 34,550 1,050 8,000 450 250 100 12,300 725 6,900 450 2,650 250 1,150 175 3,150 325 200 100
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 23,050 700 22,550 700 500 100 D D D D D D D D D D D D
S&E managers, including health 26,600 950 3,550 300 S S 14,950 675 2,900 250 3,700 300 1,150 150 150 75 100 50
S&E precollege teachers 4,650 325 D D 4,600 325 D D D D D D D D D D D D
S&E technicians and technologists 3,050 275 500 125 D D 2,150 225 100 50 200 75 50 50 100 75 D D
Other S&E-related occupations 850 125 D D D D 650 125 S S D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 140,150 1,700 40,050 850 6,250 400 61,250 1,150 11,350 525 4,700 300 3,250 275 12,400 550 950 150
Arts/humanities-related occupations 7,950 450 850 150 S S 3,200 275 700 150 250 75 50 25 2,750 250 D D
Management-related occupations 27,000 750 3,450 325 350 100 15,250 600 2,500 325 1,800 175 950 150 2,500 300 200 75
Non-S&E managers 55,450 1,200 15,850 600 2,000 225 27,550 875 5,300 350 1,550 175 1,200 175 1,600 225 400 100
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 18,750 600 17,600 575 1,150 200 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers 3,900 275 200 100 1,850 200 800 150 150 50 50 25 100 50 750 150 D D
Sales/marketing occupations 8,150 450 100 50 D D 6,300 375 300 100 D D D D 1,350 200 D D
Social service–related occupations 6,000 400 750 125 650 150 1,300 175 1,550 200 150 50 250 75 1,200 200 D D
Other non-S&E occupations 12,900 500 1,250 150 150 50 6,850 400 850 125 900 150 650 125 2,200 275 D D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.