Table 4-3. Labor force participation rate among U.S. residing doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate: 2015
| Field |
Labor force participation rate |
| Percent |
SE |
| All fields |
87.1 |
0.15 |
| Science |
86.3 |
0.20 |
| Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences |
87.2 |
0.35 |
| Agricultural/food sciences |
80.2 |
1.15 |
| Biochemistry/biophysics |
86.9 |
1.00 |
| Cell/molecular biology |
93.0 |
0.95 |
| Environmental life sciences |
85.6 |
1.75 |
| Microbiology |
85.2 |
1.65 |
| Zoology |
75.1 |
1.75 |
| Other biological sciences |
88.9 |
0.40 |
| Computer/information sciences |
95.2 |
0.60 |
| Mathematics/statistics |
84.3 |
0.80 |
| Physical sciences |
85.5 |
0.45 |
| Astronomy/astrophysics |
89.9 |
1.35 |
| Chemistry, except biochemistry |
84.7 |
0.60 |
| Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciencesa |
87.5 |
0.70 |
| Physics |
85.3 |
0.75 |
| Psychology |
86.2 |
0.45 |
| Social sciences |
84.5 |
0.45 |
| Economics |
84.6 |
0.90 |
| Political sciences |
86.1 |
1.10 |
| Sociology |
81.2 |
1.25 |
| Other social sciences |
85.0 |
0.80 |
| Engineering |
90.2 |
0.30 |
| Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineering |
89.5 |
1.45 |
| Chemical engineering |
85.7 |
1.20 |
| Civil engineering |
92.8 |
1.10 |
| Electrical/computer engineering |
90.8 |
0.70 |
| Materials and metallurgical engineering |
90.0 |
1.00 |
| Mechanical engineering |
90.9 |
1.15 |
| Other engineering |
90.5 |
0.65 |
| Health |
88.7 |
0.80 |
