Table 4-4. Labor force participation rate among non-U.S. residing doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate: 2015
| Field |
Labor force participation rate |
| Percent |
SE |
| All fields |
94.4 |
0.35 |
| Science |
93.6 |
0.40 |
| Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences |
93.8 |
0.75 |
| Agricultural/food sciences |
91.9 |
1.60 |
| Biochemistry/biophysics |
91.6 |
3.00 |
| Cell/molecular biology |
99.0 |
1.00 |
| Environmental life sciences |
92.4 |
3.45 |
| Microbiology |
99.8 |
0.15 |
| Zoology |
86.9 |
4.15 |
| Other biological sciences |
95.1 |
0.80 |
| Computer/information sciences |
98.5 |
1.00 |
| Mathematics/statistics |
95.8 |
0.95 |
| Physical sciences |
92.9 |
0.95 |
| Astronomy/astrophysics |
96.8 |
1.75 |
| Chemistry, except biochemistry |
93.5 |
1.20 |
| Earth/atmospheric/ocean sciencesa |
94.7 |
1.15 |
| Physics |
91.1 |
2.05 |
| Psychology |
92.2 |
1.40 |
| Social sciences |
92.8 |
0.80 |
| Economics |
93.5 |
1.25 |
| Political sciences |
95.9 |
1.60 |
| Sociology |
82.8 |
3.75 |
| Other social sciences |
93.3 |
1.25 |
| Engineering |
96.5 |
0.55 |
| Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineering |
99.6 |
0.35 |
| Chemical engineering |
96.5 |
1.65 |
| Civil engineering |
93.4 |
2.35 |
| Electrical/computer engineering |
98.3 |
0.90 |
| Materials and metallurgical engineering |
97.6 |
1.00 |
| Mechanical engineering |
97.7 |
1.45 |
| Other engineering |
94.7 |
1.05 |
| Health |
95.2 |
1.55 |
