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Table 65. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation, ethnicity, race, and sex: 2015

(Dollars)

Occupation All full-time employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All occupations 106,000 1,000 116,000 1,500 90,000 1,000 95,000 1,500 103,000 2,500 82,000 2,500 90,000 6,500 89,000 6,500 96,000 9,000 112,000 2,500 120,000 500 98,000 2,500 94,000 2,000 100,000 500 88,000 2,000 106,000 1,500 116,000 1,500 90,000 500 99,000 3,500 104,000 3,000 89,000 3,500
Science occupations 97,000 1,000 104,000 1,500 85,000 500 85,000 1,000 93,000 2,000 76,000 2,500 79,000 6,000 76,000 8,500 78,000 11,500 100,000 1,000 110,000 1,500 90,000 500 85,000 1,000 90,000 1,500 80,000 500 97,000 1,000 104,000 1,500 85,000 500 85,000 3,500 90,000 5,000 83,000 2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 90,000 500 98,000 2,500 80,000 1,000 80,000 3,500 85,000 4,500 73,000 4,000 79,000 4,500 79,000 4,500 S S 87,000 4,000 93,000 2,500 78,000 3,000 87,000 3,500 92,000 5,000 77,000 4,500 92,000 1,500 100,000 500 80,000 2,500 77,000 4,000 78,000 4,000 74,000 9,000
Agricultural/food scientists 100,000 2,500 104,000 3,000 89,000 1,500 93,000 6,000 94,000 8,000 90,000 11,500 D D D D D D 84,000 4,000 84,000 4,000 85,000 10,500 85,000 5,500 84,000 10,000 85,000 7,500 106,000 2,500 109,000 1,500 90,000 2,000 D D S S D D
Biochemists/biophysicists 90,000 4,000 96,000 6,000 78,000 3,500 82,000 12,000 101,000 20,500 58,000 23,000 D D D D D D 64,000 7,500 66,000 9,000 64,000 9,000 50,000 15,000 44,000 7,500 66,000 18,000 100,000 6,000 107,000 7,000 87,000 8,500 81,000 28,500 S S 89,000 13,500
Biological scientists 78,000 2,500 84,000 3,500 67,000 3,500 64,000 8,500 80,000 14,000 50,000 4,500 D D D D D D 70,000 5,000 74,000 9,000 68,000 6,500 85,000 7,000 90,000 6,000 73,000 12,500 80,000 3,000 87,000 5,000 67,000 3,500 74,000 14,500 50,000 21,000 83,000 12,500
Forestry/conservation scientists 88,000 5,500 98,000 8,000 76,000 4,000 60,000 15,500 46,000 16,500 * * D D D D D D 101,000 7,000 101,000 3,000 73,000 33,000 * * D D * * 88,000 5,000 96,000 8,500 77,000 5,000 * * D D * *
Medical scientists 103,000 3,000 115,000 5,500 90,000 3,000 80,000 15,000 64,000 30,500 85,000 11,000 D D D D D D 93,000 3,500 98,000 6,000 84,000 8,000 97,000 3,500 103,000 14,500 93,000 4,000 109,000 3,000 124,000 5,500 94,000 3,500 101,000 22,000 127,000 26,000 56,000 21,000
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences 91,000 3,000 97,000 4,000 82,000 5,000 92,000 7,000 100,000 12,500 79,000 6,500 D D D D D D 80,000 9,000 77,000 13,000 82,000 14,500 82,000 7,500 84,000 8,000 79,000 12,000 93,000 3,500 98,000 2,500 82,000 5,000 S S D D * *
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 82,000 2,000 89,000 2,000 73,000 2,000 78,000 5,000 87,000 8,000 70,000 5,500 79,000 9,000 D D D D 97,000 6,000 99,000 3,500 86,000 8,500 80,000 6,500 89,000 21,500 70,000 2,500 81,000 2,000 88,000 2,500 72,000 2,000 73,000 5,000 74,000 5,000 68,000 9,500
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists 96,000 4,000 107,000 4,000 84,000 3,000 74,000 8,000 79,000 14,000 65,000 8,500 D D D D D D 91,000 4,500 100,000 5,000 83,000 11,500 78,000 13,500 94,000 13,000 62,000 4,500 100,000 5,500 115,000 4,500 86,000 4,000 64,000 20,500 100,000 3,000 51,000 8,000
Computer/information scientists 129,000 2,500 130,000 1,000 118,000 2,500 115,000 5,000 118,000 7,500 93,000 19,000 D D D D D D 130,000 1,500 134,000 5,000 118,000 2,500 116,000 8,000 123,000 9,500 102,000 7,500 125,000 1,500 129,000 3,500 117,000 2,500 126,000 11,000 132,000 21,500 118,000 17,000
Computer/information scientists 132,000 3,500 136,000 2,500 120,000 3,000 126,000 9,000 130,000 9,500 91,000 31,500 D D D D D D 135,000 3,500 139,000 3,500 120,000 6,500 127,000 5,000 129,000 3,500 107,000 13,500 130,000 2,000 135,000 4,500 121,000 4,000 129,000 15,000 137,000 27,000 D D
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 103,000 4,500 108,000 3,500 90,000 1,500 90,000 10,500 89,000 14,500 * * D D D D D D 100,000 7,000 109,000 7,000 86,000 3,000 92,000 3,500 92,000 5,000 89,000 11,000 105,000 4,000 109,000 3,000 91,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 100,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 92,000 4,000 89,000 7,500 92,000 6,500 79,000 9,000 D D D D D D 110,000 6,500 110,000 4,000 104,000 6,500 85,000 6,000 95,000 7,000 82,000 4,500 95,000 2,000 97,000 3,000 86,000 3,000 99,000 2,000 95,000 8,500 101,000 13,000
Mathematical scientists 125,000 4,000 128,000 3,500 119,000 3,500 128,000 14,500 122,000 14,000 132,000 47,500 D D D D D D 125,000 6,500 129,000 4,000 119,000 3,000 106,000 8,500 110,000 6,500 85,000 11,500 125,000 3,500 128,000 5,500 117,000 7,500 118,000 13,000 140,000 64,000 105,000 10,500
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics 81,000 1,500 84,000 2,500 75,000 1,500 76,000 5,000 80,000 4,500 70,000 4,000 D D D D D D 81,000 7,500 87,000 6,000 78,000 1,500 81,000 2,000 81,000 4,000 73,000 7,500 81,000 1,500 84,000 2,500 74,000 2,000 78,000 7,000 79,000 6,000 D D
Physical scientists 100,000 1,000 103,000 2,500 87,000 2,500 90,000 3,000 94,000 4,000 79,000 4,000 76,000 29,500 53,000 20,500 D D 98,000 3,500 100,000 1,000 91,000 2,500 83,000 2,500 86,000 3,500 79,000 4,500 100,000 1,000 105,000 1,000 85,000 2,500 84,000 3,500 84,000 7,000 83,000 4,000
Chemists, except biochemists 112,000 4,000 115,000 2,500 103,000 5,000 110,000 8,500 118,000 7,000 87,000 7,500 D D D D D D 104,000 5,000 106,000 5,000 100,000 6,500 100,000 13,000 90,000 12,000 100,000 5,000 116,000 3,000 119,000 2,000 108,000 4,000 83,000 6,000 80,000 7,000 D D
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists 111,000 5,000 119,000 2,000 91,000 4,500 100,000 5,500 106,000 12,000 79,000 4,500 D D D D D D 103,000 7,500 110,000 9,000 89,000 7,500 85,000 5,500 84,000 5,000 * * 118,000 4,000 120,000 6,000 100,000 8,500 95,000 24,000 137,000 32,500 S S
Physicists/astronomers 119,000 1,000 120,000 5,000 103,000 7,000 111,000 6,500 110,000 6,500 D D D D D D D D 99,000 7,500 98,000 6,000 104,000 18,500 91,000 12,000 91,000 22,000 D D 126,000 5,000 129,000 3,000 101,000 11,000 60,000 12,000 60,000 11,000 D D
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 75,000 1,000 78,000 3,000 66,000 3,000 75,000 5,500 72,000 7,000 78,000 5,500 D D D D D D 70,000 3,500 73,000 3,000 62,000 3,000 68,000 6,000 76,000 8,500 58,000 3,500 75,000 2,000 80,000 3,000 68,000 4,000 70,000 9,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, physics 88,000 3,000 88,000 2,500 86,000 5,000 73,000 6,500 79,000 4,500 S S D D D D D D 90,000 4,500 88,000 7,000 94,000 5,500 76,000 14,000 78,000 17,000 D D 89,000 2,500 89,000 2,500 84,000 5,000 71,000 20,500 S S * *
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 85,000 3,500 90,000 1,500 79,000 2,500 82,000 5,000 88,000 8,000 69,000 9,500 D D D D D D 80,000 3,000 79,000 3,500 85,000 14,000 82,000 19,000 100,000 25,000 D D 88,000 3,500 90,000 2,500 79,000 2,500 81,000 13,500 104,000 30,000 76,000 8,000
Other physical scientists 108,000 2,000 110,000 6,500 99,000 8,000 110,000 18,500 121,000 17,500 * * D D D D D D 100,000 5,000 101,000 5,500 96,000 17,500 97,000 3,500 93,000 6,000 * * 112,000 7,500 120,000 8,000 99,000 9,500 133,000 9,500 118,000 31,500 D D
Psychologists 90,000 500 100,000 500 85,000 1,000 79,000 3,500 82,000 7,000 78,000 4,500 75,000 8,500 D D 73,000 12,500 78,000 2,500 75,000 7,000 79,000 1,500 80,000 1,500 84,000 6,500 79,000 500 92,000 2,000 101,000 3,500 85,000 1,500 85,000 4,000 85,000 13,000 84,000 4,500
Psychologists 96,000 2,000 110,000 3,000 89,000 1,500 82,000 6,000 83,000 10,000 79,000 7,500 D D D D D D 81,000 3,000 82,000 12,500 80,000 2,500 85,000 4,500 83,000 9,500 86,000 5,500 99,000 2,000 110,000 3,000 90,000 500 87,000 10,500 97,000 13,500 84,000 10,500
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 80,000 1,500 85,000 3,500 74,000 1,000 75,000 3,000 77,000 9,000 73,000 3,000 68,000 3,500 D D D D 74,000 3,500 72,000 4,000 76,000 2,500 72,000 2,000 77,000 16,500 72,000 1,500 80,000 2,000 88,000 3,000 74,000 1,500 81,000 9,500 71,000 19,000 82,000 7,000
Social scientists 90,000 1,500 98,000 2,500 84,000 2,000 87,000 3,500 94,000 5,000 78,000 4,500 71,000 13,500 60,000 27,000 77,000 16,500 94,000 3,500 101,000 5,500 85,000 4,000 82,000 2,500 86,000 4,000 79,000 1,000 91,000 1,500 99,000 2,500 84,000 1,000 89,000 4,000 98,000 9,000 82,000 3,500
Economists 140,000 3,500 149,000 3,500 125,000 7,500 153,000 10,000 162,000 9,000 126,000 20,000 D D D D D D 124,000 12,500 134,000 12,000 118,000 6,500 131,000 12,000 137,000 16,000 D D 143,000 6,500 150,000 3,500 129,000 9,000 D D D D D D
Political scientists 110,000 9,000 112,000 16,000 107,000 17,500 D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 111,000 6,000 116,000 19,500 107,000 23,500 D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, economics 103,000 3,500 108,000 3,500 92,000 4,500 90,000 8,500 95,000 12,000 87,000 10,000 D D D D D D 88,000 4,000 91,000 5,500 80,000 3,500 85,000 3,000 87,000 3,000 68,000 21,000 109,000 3,000 110,000 2,000 98,000 3,500 D D S S D D
Postsecondary teachers, political science 80,000 4,500 81,000 5,000 79,000 5,000 80,000 6,000 80,000 6,500 78,000 12,500 D D D D D D 80,000 17,500 82,000 28,000 D D 76,000 6,000 76,000 14,000 55,000 8,000 80,000 5,000 81,000 5,000 80,000 6,500 D D S S D D
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 75,000 2,000 82,000 4,500 72,000 1,500 80,000 7,000 76,000 13,500 82,000 6,000 D D D D D D 80,000 16,000 102,000 7,500 66,000 5,000 78,000 3,500 80,000 4,000 73,000 7,500 74,000 1,000 80,000 6,000 72,000 1,500 74,000 6,000 D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 79,000 2,000 83,000 3,000 75,000 500 74,000 2,500 76,000 2,000 70,000 3,000 76,000 6,500 D D 74,000 7,000 77,000 3,500 79,000 2,000 74,000 1,000 75,000 3,500 78,000 9,000 73,000 3,500 80,000 1,000 85,000 2,500 75,000 1,500 71,000 9,000 76,000 19,500 70,000 8,500
Sociologists/anthropologists 94,000 9,000 100,000 5,500 84,000 3,000 62,000 22,500 D D 58,000 13,500 D D D D D D S S D D S S 101,000 19,500 D D 98,000 28,500 94,000 9,000 99,000 6,500 85,000 3,000 D D D D D D
Other social scientists 99,000 3,000 104,000 9,000 97,000 3,500 92,000 7,000 93,000 38,000 91,000 6,500 D D D D D D 92,000 8,500 97,000 9,000 84,000 9,000 89,000 6,000 92,000 7,500 83,000 6,500 100,000 1,500 106,000 9,500 99,000 2,500 121,000 29,000 D D 75,000 16,500
Engineering occupations 120,000 500 120,000 1,500 106,000 2,500 110,000 5,000 110,000 4,000 100,000 5,500 116,000 19,000 125,000 19,000 D D 118,000 2,500 119,000 500 105,000 1,500 108,000 2,500 107,000 2,500 116,000 7,000 121,000 2,500 125,000 1,000 108,000 3,500 129,000 5,500 139,000 8,500 123,000 3,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers 137,000 3,000 138,000 5,500 114,000 12,000 145,000 25,000 146,000 26,000 D D D D D D D D 130,000 9,500 132,000 11,500 112,000 6,500 117,000 6,000 115,000 9,500 D D 139,000 4,000 140,000 7,000 123,000 17,000 D D S S D D
Chemical engineers 122,000 3,500 127,000 5,500 110,000 5,500 109,000 7,000 111,000 17,500 D D D D D D D D 117,000 3,000 118,000 5,500 107,000 10,000 125,000 15,000 116,000 33,500 D D 130,000 9,000 139,000 6,000 108,000 6,000 D D D D D D
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers 104,000 2,000 105,000 2,500 91,000 9,500 119,000 7,500 119,000 10,500 D D D D D D D D 99,000 4,000 100,000 5,500 86,000 12,000 118,000 8,500 118,000 8,500 D D 104,000 6,000 105,000 8,000 100,000 11,000 * * * * D D
Electrical engineers 134,000 3,000 135,000 2,500 120,000 3,500 117,000 6,000 117,000 6,500 108,000 17,500 S S D D D D 130,000 3,500 134,000 3,500 110,000 7,500 120,000 4,000 119,000 4,000 130,000 18,000 140,000 2,000 140,000 3,000 122,000 4,500 149,000 10,500 149,000 10,500 D D
Industrial engineers 99,000 3,000 100,000 6,000 95,000 3,000 D D D D D D D D D D D D 100,000 3,000 103,000 11,000 95,000 4,000 D D D D D D 95,000 5,000 95,000 4,500 93,000 27,500 D D D D D D
Mechanical engineers 113,000 3,500 114,000 3,000 103,000 7,000 112,000 8,000 112,000 7,000 D D D D D D D D 110,000 1,000 110,000 1,500 98,000 4,000 99,000 6,000 99,000 6,000 D D 120,000 3,000 120,000 3,500 108,000 7,500 S S D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 101,000 2,000 103,000 2,500 96,000 2,000 90,000 3,000 90,000 3,500 92,000 3,500 D D D D D D 100,000 1,500 100,000 2,000 90,000 2,000 96,000 2,500 94,000 5,000 111,000 13,000 105,000 2,500 108,000 2,500 97,000 2,000 120,000 20,500 124,000 25,500 97,000 17,500
Other engineers 121,000 3,000 125,000 2,000 109,000 4,000 115,000 5,000 116,000 6,500 106,000 9,500 S S S S D D 118,000 2,500 120,000 3,000 105,000 4,000 111,000 8,000 114,000 9,000 106,000 8,500 127,000 2,000 129,000 2,500 112,000 5,000 112,000 6,000 110,000 5,500 120,000 6,500
S&E-related occupations 120,000 2,500 144,000 4,500 100,000 500 109,000 6,500 130,000 13,500 86,000 2,500 119,000 6,500 D D 119,000 5,000 130,000 4,000 140,000 11,000 116,000 6,500 100,000 2,500 109,000 8,000 99,000 3,500 120,000 3,000 148,000 4,500 95,000 3,000 108,000 9,000 112,000 11,000 101,000 11,000
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 126,000 4,500 159,000 7,000 100,000 4,000 118,000 23,000 176,000 33,000 83,000 8,500 D D D D D D 119,000 12,000 136,000 23,000 110,000 7,500 115,000 5,500 150,000 26,500 110,000 7,000 129,000 5,000 165,000 8,000 99,000 5,000 119,000 24,000 114,000 45,000 119,000 26,000
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 98,000 2,500 111,000 6,000 90,000 2,500 88,000 3,500 92,000 13,000 85,000 5,000 D D D D D D 97,000 2,000 99,000 3,000 96,000 5,000 93,000 3,500 99,000 17,000 93,000 4,000 100,000 3,000 119,000 5,000 90,000 2,000 102,000 10,500 141,000 31,000 95,000 9,000
S&E managers, including health 152,000 4,000 160,000 2,000 133,000 4,500 147,000 4,500 150,000 14,000 132,000 20,000 S S S S D D 157,000 8,500 159,000 9,000 139,000 4,500 110,000 8,000 106,000 7,000 117,000 9,500 155,000 4,000 161,000 4,000 132,000 4,500 136,000 32,500 105,000 19,500 S S
S&E precollege teachers 63,000 3,000 65,000 2,000 57,000 3,500 62,000 7,500 D D 62,000 16,000 D D D D D D 61,000 9,000 63,000 9,000 S S 66,000 2,500 66,000 9,000 71,000 7,000 62,000 3,500 65,000 3,000 57,000 4,000 70,000 8,000 D D D D
S&E technicians and technologists 112,000 6,500 112,000 6,500 103,000 21,000 101,000 9,500 D D D D D D D D D D 120,000 10,000 121,000 8,500 100,000 23,500 S S D D D D 105,000 7,000 103,000 6,500 115,000 28,500 S S D D D D
Other S&E-related occupations 119,000 14,000 116,000 16,500 139,000 19,500 D D D D D D D D D D D D 138,000 12,000 124,000 38,500 144,000 12,000 S S D D D D 109,000 15,500 115,000 25,000 D D D D D D D D
Non-S&E occupations 126,000 2,500 141,000 3,000 100,000 2,000 107,000 3,500 136,000 10,500 89,000 4,500 84,000 9,500 77,000 9,500 97,000 13,500 143,000 4,500 149,000 2,000 109,000 6,000 100,000 2,000 108,000 4,000 92,000 5,500 126,000 3,000 140,000 1,000 103,000 3,000 104,000 6,500 119,000 21,000 92,000 7,500
Arts/humanities-related occupations 80,000 4,500 74,000 5,000 81,000 3,500 64,000 8,500 D D 61,000 9,000 D D D D D D 83,000 12,000 83,000 17,000 82,000 23,000 78,000 10,500 D D 86,000 14,500 79,000 5,000 73,000 10,500 82,000 4,500 70,000 6,000 D D 64,000 20,500
Management-related occupations 125,000 4,000 139,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 114,000 14,500 139,000 7,000 97,000 11,000 D D D D D D 140,000 4,500 150,000 8,000 99,000 2,000 109,000 2,500 110,000 13,500 93,000 9,000 120,000 4,500 136,000 3,500 100,000 5,000 119,000 28,500 138,000 18,000 90,000 18,000
Non-S&E managers 160,000 2,500 170,000 3,500 139,000 4,000 136,000 12,000 153,000 14,000 105,000 2,500 D D D D D D 168,000 6,000 174,000 5,000 149,000 11,000 127,000 9,500 128,000 14,500 125,000 11,500 162,000 4,500 171,000 4,500 144,000 3,000 148,000 8,500 159,000 14,500 110,000 16,500
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 90,000 2,000 101,000 4,000 82,000 3,500 80,000 2,500 83,000 16,500 78,000 5,000 D D D D D D 94,000 7,000 110,000 12,500 85,000 11,500 80,000 3,500 83,000 5,000 76,000 4,500 92,000 3,000 103,000 4,000 83,000 2,500 89,000 11,500 94,000 9,000 75,000 4,500
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers 64,000 3,500 59,000 14,500 64,000 2,500 46,000 13,500 D D 40,000 11,000 D D D D D D S S S S D D 64,000 3,000 * * 65,000 2,500 64,000 5,500 68,000 18,000 64,000 4,500 D D D D D D
Sales/marketing occupations 128,000 4,500 135,000 6,500 101,000 10,000 109,000 8,500 102,000 11,500 113,000 11,500 D D D D D D 139,000 5,000 140,000 7,000 137,000 13,000 99,000 29,000 122,000 42,000 59,000 26,000 124,000 6,500 130,000 7,500 100,000 3,500 D D D D S S
Social service–related occupations 63,000 5,000 59,000 7,500 68,000 5,000 56,000 3,000 66,000 17,000 54,000 4,000 D D D D D D 41,000 10,500 38,000 3,000 D D 52,000 11,500 50,000 22,500 53,000 15,500 68,000 4,000 62,000 11,000 68,000 2,500 D D D D S S
Other non-S&E occupations 110,000 7,500 119,000 11,500 104,000 6,000 88,000 14,500 84,000 10,500 99,000 45,500 D D D D D D 131,000 17,000 150,000 25,500 120,000 11,500 80,000 13,000 75,000 25,500 87,000 15,500 110,000 9,000 118,000 11,500 104,000 8,000 83,000 17,000 D D D D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Designation of full-time and part-time employment status is based on principal job only, not on all jobs held in labor force. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.