Table 66. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and citizenship status: 2015

(Dollars)

Occupation All full-time employed U.S. citizen Non-U.S. citizen
Total Native born Naturalized Total Permanent resident Temporary resident
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All occupations 106,000 1,000 110,000 1,500 104,000 1,500 125,000 2,000 97,000 1,500 100,000 500 83,000 2,500
Science occupations 97,000 1,000 100,000 500 95,000 1,500 110,000 500 89,000 2,500 95,000 1,500 70,000 2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 90,000 500 95,000 1,000 92,000 1,500 103,000 3,000 65,000 2,000 78,000 3,500 48,000 1,000
Agricultural/food scientists 100,000 2,500 104,000 2,000 107,000 3,000 94,000 1,500 76,000 5,500 80,000 3,500 68,000 12,000
Biochemists/biophysicists 90,000 4,000 105,000 6,000 99,000 6,500 119,000 8,000 50,000 2,000 61,000 6,000 45,000 1,500
Biological scientists 78,000 2,500 83,000 3,000 82,000 3,500 87,000 8,000 50,000 1,000 57,000 4,500 44,000 1,500
Forestry/conservation scientists 88,000 5,500 90,000 7,000 88,000 6,000 99,000 28,000 66,000 9,500 75,000 6,500 44,000 5,500
Medical scientists 103,000 3,000 112,000 4,500 110,000 4,000 119,000 6,500 68,000 3,000 79,000 9,500 50,000 4,000
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences 91,000 3,000 92,000 3,500 90,000 2,000 100,000 2,000 78,000 9,000 83,000 11,000 59,000 10,000
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences 82,000 2,000 83,000 2,000 80,000 2,000 95,000 6,500 80,000 3,000 83,000 5,500 70,000 2,500
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists 96,000 4,000 104,000 4,000 100,000 2,000 110,000 4,500 64,000 5,000 80,000 7,000 49,000 3,000
Computer/information scientists 129,000 2,500 129,000 1,500 125,000 2,500 138,000 6,500 123,000 4,500 129,000 3,500 113,000 5,000
Computer/information scientists 132,000 3,500 135,000 5,000 129,000 1,500 140,000 4,000 129,000 2,000 135,000 3,000 118,000 3,500
Postsecondary teachers, computer science 103,000 4,500 109,000 2,500 104,000 4,500 114,000 6,500 93,000 4,000 98,000 3,000 74,000 4,500
Mathematical scientists 100,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 95,000 2,000 112,000 4,500 95,000 5,000 100,000 2,000 80,000 5,500
Mathematical scientists 125,000 4,000 129,000 1,000 125,000 3,500 139,000 6,000 110,000 4,500 114,000 8,000 99,000 8,500
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics 81,000 1,500 82,000 2,000 80,000 1,500 90,000 3,500 78,000 3,000 80,000 4,000 63,000 6,000
Physical scientists 100,000 1,000 101,000 2,500 100,000 500 110,000 2,500 82,000 3,000 90,000 2,500 63,000 3,000
Chemists, except biochemists 112,000 4,000 118,000 3,000 116,000 3,000 120,000 6,000 92,000 2,500 95,000 2,000 60,000 4,500
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists 111,000 5,000 116,000 4,500 117,000 5,000 116,000 8,500 90,000 11,000 104,000 12,000 71,000 4,500
Physicists/astronomers 119,000 1,000 126,000 5,000 125,000 5,000 131,000 4,500 81,000 4,500 100,000 7,500 55,000 4,000
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry 75,000 1,000 75,000 1,500 75,000 1,500 80,000 4,500 65,000 6,000 63,000 7,000 69,000 7,500
Postsecondary teachers, physics 88,000 3,000 89,000 3,000 86,000 3,500 95,000 8,500 81,000 8,500 81,000 9,500 79,000 17,500
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences 85,000 3,500 89,000 3,500 88,000 3,500 89,000 4,500 76,000 4,500 80,000 5,000 55,000 4,500
Other physical scientists 108,000 2,000 117,000 6,000 110,000 7,000 124,000 9,500 88,000 8,000 91,000 4,500 60,000 7,500
Psychologists 90,000 500 90,000 500 90,000 1,000 86,000 4,000 78,000 4,000 80,000 4,000 62,000 5,500
Psychologists 96,000 2,000 96,000 2,000 97,000 2,000 90,000 3,500 79,000 4,000 84,000 7,000 61,000 5,500
Postsecondary teachers, psychology 80,000 1,500 80,000 1,000 80,000 500 77,000 8,000 74,000 4,000 75,000 5,500 57,000 5,500
Social scientists 90,000 1,500 91,000 1,500 90,000 1,500 93,000 4,500 85,000 3,500 84,000 3,500 94,000 9,000
Economists 140,000 3,500 140,000 5,000 145,000 5,500 125,000 11,500 139,000 13,500 120,000 5,000 154,000 8,000
Political scientists 110,000 9,000 111,000 4,500 113,000 4,500 D D D D D D D D
Postsecondary teachers, economics 103,000 3,500 105,000 2,500 108,000 3,500 98,000 6,000 93,000 4,500 96,000 3,000 79,000 4,500
Postsecondary teachers, political science 80,000 4,500 84,000 3,500 82,000 4,000 89,000 11,000 66,000 2,500 67,000 2,500 D D
Postsecondary teachers, sociology 75,000 2,000 76,000 2,500 75,000 3,000 76,000 9,000 62,000 3,500 64,000 4,000 D D
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences 79,000 2,000 80,000 1,500 79,000 2,000 82,000 4,500 70,000 3,000 73,000 3,000 67,000 4,500
Sociologists/anthropologists 94,000 9,000 95,000 8,000 95,000 6,500 62,000 22,500 58,000 12,500 54,000 11,500 D D
Other social scientists 99,000 3,000 100,000 1,000 100,000 1,000 101,000 16,000 79,000 3,500 78,000 4,500 81,000 23,500
Engineering occupations 120,000 500 125,000 500 121,000 2,500 129,000 500 104,000 1,000 109,000 500 93,000 1,500
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers 137,000 3,000 139,000 4,500 139,000 4,500 135,000 9,500 114,000 9,500 115,000 10,500 D D
Chemical engineers 122,000 3,500 135,000 6,000 127,000 6,500 144,000 6,000 104,000 6,000 118,000 1,500 93,000 3,500
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers 104,000 2,000 108,000 4,500 119,000 4,000 105,000 3,500 96,000 8,000 100,000 4,500 79,000 3,500
Electrical engineers 134,000 3,000 141,000 3,000 140,000 2,000 144,000 4,500 120,000 4,500 129,000 1,500 104,000 4,500
Industrial engineers 99,000 3,000 100,000 7,000 110,000 14,500 97,000 4,000 98,000 2,500 97,000 1,500 116,000 29,500
Mechanical engineers 113,000 3,500 120,000 3,000 120,000 2,500 120,000 7,000 103,000 3,500 105,000 2,500 93,000 4,500
Postsecondary teachers, engineering 101,000 2,000 110,000 2,500 105,000 2,000 116,000 4,000 88,000 2,000 90,000 1,500 81,000 1,500
Other engineers 121,000 3,000 129,000 2,000 125,000 1,500 135,000 5,500 104,000 3,000 112,000 5,500 94,000 7,000
S&E-related occupations 120,000 2,500 124,000 2,500 120,000 1,500 148,000 8,000 101,000 5,500 108,000 7,500 96,000 7,500
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers 126,000 4,500 129,000 4,000 125,000 5,000 147,000 14,500 107,000 10,000 108,000 9,500 99,000 16,000
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences 98,000 2,500 100,000 1,500 98,000 3,000 104,000 7,500 89,000 2,000 90,000 3,000 85,000 6,000
S&E managers, including health 152,000 4,000 156,000 4,000 150,000 4,000 165,000 6,500 120,000 8,500 124,000 6,500 93,000 9,500
S&E precollege teachers 63,000 3,000 63,000 3,000 63,000 3,500 65,000 6,500 D D D D D D
S&E technicians and technologists 112,000 6,500 112,000 7,000 108,000 8,000 128,000 22,500 110,000 15,000 111,000 21,500 105,000 14,500
Other S&E-related occupations 119,000 14,000 131,000 11,000 97,000 18,000 147,000 4,500 D D S S D D
Non-S&E occupations 126,000 2,500 129,000 3,000 120,000 2,500 149,000 1,000 110,000 8,000 112,000 9,000 108,000 11,000
Arts/humanities-related occupations 80,000 4,500 80,000 4,000 80,000 4,000 83,000 30,000 75,000 5,000 74,000 6,500 D D
Management-related occupations 125,000 4,000 125,000 4,500 120,000 3,000 147,000 5,000 120,000 9,500 119,000 9,000 133,000 9,000
Non-S&E managers 160,000 2,500 161,000 4,000 157,000 4,000 175,000 4,500 144,000 12,000 144,000 10,500 125,000 31,000
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers 90,000 2,000 90,000 1,500 89,000 1,500 99,000 5,500 91,000 9,000 100,000 14,000 79,000 11,500
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers 64,000 3,500 65,000 5,500 65,000 5,500 79,000 20,500 S S S S D D
Sales/marketing occupations 128,000 4,500 128,000 6,000 119,000 10,000 148,000 10,000 129,000 15,500 129,000 34,000 S S
Social service–related occupations 63,000 5,000 64,000 6,000 65,000 5,500 60,000 11,500 39,000 4,500 S S D D
Other non-S&E occupations 110,000 7,500 109,000 7,500 105,000 7,000 129,000 18,500 118,000 36,000 159,000 42,500 66,000 11,500