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Table 71. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, and sex: 2015

(Dollars)

Employment sector and occupation All full-time employed Male Female
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 106,000 1,000 116,000 1,500 90,000 1,000
Science occupations 97,000 1,000 104,000 1,500 85,000 500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 90,000 500 98,000 2,500 80,000 1,000
Computer/information scientists 129,000 2,500 130,000 1,000 118,000 2,500
Mathematical scientists 100,000 1,500 100,000 1,000 92,000 4,000
Physical scientists 100,000 1,000 103,000 2,500 87,000 2,500
Psychologists 90,000 500 100,000 500 85,000 1,000
Social scientists 90,000 1,500 98,000 2,500 84,000 2,000
Engineering occupations 120,000 500 120,000 1,500 106,000 2,500
S&E-related occupations 120,000 2,500 144,000 4,500 100,000 500
Non-S&E occupations 126,000 2,500 141,000 3,000 100,000 2,000
4-year educational institutiona 88,000 1,500 94,000 1,000 80,000 1,000
Science occupations 80,000 1,500 87,000 1,500 73,000 1,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 74,000 1,000 81,000 2,000 64,000 2,000
Computer/information scientists 100,000 500 101,000 4,500 90,000 2,500
Mathematical scientists 82,000 2,000 86,000 2,000 76,000 2,000
Physical scientists 80,000 1,000 84,000 1,500 72,000 1,500
Psychologists 80,000 1,500 88,000 2,500 75,000 2,000
Social scientists 85,000 1,000 91,000 2,000 78,000 2,000
Engineering occupations 100,000 500 100,000 500 95,000 1,500
S&E-related occupations 100,000 2,500 111,000 4,000 89,000 2,000
Non-S&E occupations 110,000 1,500 126,000 3,500 93,000 2,500
Other educational institutionb 70,000 2,000 74,000 2,500 70,000 1,000
Science occupations 72,000 2,500 77,000 4,000 68,000 2,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 65,000 1,000 70,000 6,500 63,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 87,000 8,000 104,000 19,500 D D
Mathematical scientists 75,000 4,000 74,000 4,500 74,000 11,500
Physical scientists 68,000 5,500 69,000 5,500 60,000 3,500
Psychologists 81,000 2,500 84,000 3,000 78,000 4,000
Social scientists 71,000 4,500 72,000 8,500 69,000 4,000
Engineering occupations 76,000 6,000 75,000 11,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 65,000 1,500 66,000 2,000 63,000 2,500
Non-S&E occupations 83,000 3,500 90,000 5,500 77,000 4,500
Private, for-profitc 135,000 500 140,000 500 120,000 2,000
Science occupations 128,000 2,000 132,000 2,500 113,000 3,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 120,000 2,500 124,000 1,500 114,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 140,000 1,500 144,000 2,500 129,000 6,500
Mathematical scientists 140,000 5,000 142,000 6,000 130,000 10,000
Physical scientists 125,000 1,500 129,000 1,500 111,000 4,000
Psychologists 98,000 2,000 108,000 13,500 88,000 4,500
Social scientists 125,000 4,000 134,000 9,000 119,000 7,000
Engineering occupations 129,000 1,500 130,000 1,000 114,000 2,500
S&E-related occupations 159,000 2,000 170,000 4,500 134,000 6,000
Non-S&E occupations 150,000 2,500 164,000 5,500 125,000 4,500
Private, nonprofit 111,000 4,000 125,000 4,500 98,000 3,000
Science occupations 100,000 3,000 112,000 5,000 90,000 1,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 85,000 3,500 99,000 10,000 73,000 5,000
Computer/information scientists 123,000 5,500 127,000 8,000 119,000 6,500
Mathematical scientists 100,000 10,000 100,000 7,500 118,000 10,000
Physical scientists 119,000 3,000 124,000 9,000 104,000 7,500
Psychologists 92,000 2,500 110,000 6,500 90,000 2,500
Social scientists 114,000 7,000 125,000 22,000 100,000 5,000
Engineering occupations 127,000 5,000 128,000 2,000 100,000 12,500
S&E-related occupations 149,000 5,500 180,000 9,500 111,000 8,000
Non-S&E occupations 114,000 8,000 122,000 11,000 100,000 3,000
Federal government 117,000 1,500 121,000 3,500 110,000 1,000
Science occupations 110,000 500 117,000 3,000 104,000 2,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 103,000 2,500 108,000 3,500 100,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 120,000 4,000 120,000 5,500 119,000 3,500
Mathematical scientists 124,000 4,500 130,000 10,000 118,000 7,500
Physical scientists 119,000 2,500 120,000 5,000 109,000 2,000
Psychologists 102,000 2,500 105,000 3,000 98,000 3,000
Social scientists 123,000 4,500 133,000 6,500 117,000 3,500
Engineering occupations 120,000 2,000 124,000 5,000 106,000 5,500
S&E-related occupations 135,000 4,000 143,000 4,000 124,000 5,500
Non-S&E occupations 129,000 2,500 130,000 6,000 128,000 3,500
State or local government 89,000 3,000 90,000 3,000 83,000 3,000
Science occupations 82,000 2,000 83,000 2,500 78,000 3,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 73,000 2,000 73,000 4,000 72,000 4,500
Computer/information scientists 82,000 6,000 83,000 6,000 81,000 31,500
Mathematical scientists 70,000 24,000 95,000 35,500 69,000 1,000
Physical scientists 82,000 5,000 86,000 5,500 66,000 12,500
Psychologists 89,000 3,000 89,000 4,000 84,000 5,000
Social scientists 80,000 4,500 81,000 12,500 78,000 3,000
Engineering occupations 100,000 3,500 103,000 5,000 90,000 6,500
S&E-related occupations 99,000 3,000 104,000 7,000 92,000 6,500
Non-S&E occupations 96,000 3,500 96,000 2,500 92,000 10,000
Self-employedd 100,000 1,000 115,000 5,000 89,000 1,500
Science occupations 100,000 6,500 116,000 3,000 89,000 1,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 84,000 8,500 79,000 22,000 85,000 6,000
Computer/information scientists S S S S D D
Mathematical scientists 124,000 33,000 D D D D
Physical scientists 113,000 21,500 120,000 31,000 D D
Psychologists 108,000 9,000 120,000 5,500 89,000 2,000
Social scientists 97,000 8,500 94,000 20,500 96,000 5,500
Engineering occupations 117,000 11,000 120,000 25,000 82,000 23,000
S&E-related occupations 120,000 22,500 196,000 32,500 62,000 16,000
Non-S&E occupations 79,000 13,000 80,000 23,000 77,000 10,500
Other sectore 120,000 10,500 133,000 7,000 109,000 14,000
Science occupations 119,000 8,000 133,000 14,000 117,000 8,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 81,000 16,500 99,000 19,000 65,000 6,000
Computer/information scientists 130,000 11,000 D D D D
Mathematical scientists 110,000 7,000 D D D D
Physical scientists 106,000 18,000 107,000 29,500 S S
Psychologists 73,000 21,500 D D D D
Social scientists 159,000 25,000 203,000 29,500 140,000 20,000
Engineering occupations 125,000 11,000 128,000 12,000 99,000 17,500
S&E-related occupations 130,000 28,500 133,000 18,000 86,000 29,500
Non-S&E occupations 100,000 42,500 132,000 36,000 S S
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Designation of full-time and part-time employment status is based on principal job only, not on all jobs held in labor force. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.