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Table 72. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, ethnicity, and race: 2015

(Dollars)

Employment sector and occupation All full-time employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 106,000 1,000 95,000 1,500 90,000 6,500 112,000 2,500 94,000 2,000 106,000 1,500 99,000 3,500
Science occupations 97,000 1,000 85,000 1,000 79,000 6,000 100,000 1,000 85,000 1,000 97,000 1,000 85,000 3,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 90,000 500 80,000 3,500 79,000 4,500 87,000 4,000 87,000 3,500 92,000 1,500 77,000 4,000
Computer/information scientists 129,000 2,500 115,000 5,000 D D 130,000 1,500 116,000 8,000 125,000 1,500 126,000 11,000
Mathematical scientists 100,000 1,500 89,000 7,500 D D 110,000 6,500 85,000 6,000 95,000 2,000 99,000 2,000
Physical scientists 100,000 1,000 90,000 3,000 76,000 29,500 98,000 3,500 83,000 2,500 100,000 1,000 84,000 3,500
Psychologists 90,000 500 79,000 3,500 75,000 8,500 78,000 2,500 80,000 1,500 92,000 2,000 85,000 4,000
Social scientists 90,000 1,500 87,000 3,500 71,000 13,500 94,000 3,500 82,000 2,500 91,000 1,500 89,000 4,000
Engineering occupations 120,000 500 110,000 5,000 116,000 19,000 118,000 2,500 108,000 2,500 121,000 2,500 129,000 5,500
S&E-related occupations 120,000 2,500 109,000 6,500 119,000 6,500 130,000 4,000 100,000 2,500 120,000 3,000 108,000 9,000
Non-S&E occupations 126,000 2,500 107,000 3,500 84,000 9,500 143,000 4,500 100,000 2,000 126,000 3,000 104,000 6,500
4-year educational institutiond 88,000 1,500 80,000 500 84,000 5,000 83,000 1,500 83,000 1,500 90,000 500 78,000 4,000
Science occupations 80,000 1,500 75,000 1,000 75,000 5,000 75,000 1,500 78,000 1,500 84,000 1,000 72,000 2,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 74,000 1,000 68,000 3,000 78,000 9,500 62,000 3,500 73,000 3,000 79,000 1,500 63,000 3,500
Computer/information scientists 100,000 500 90,000 11,500 D D 96,000 4,500 92,000 5,000 105,000 4,000 145,000 43,500
Mathematical scientists 82,000 2,000 79,000 4,000 D D 82,000 6,500 80,000 2,500 83,000 2,000 78,000 12,500
Physical scientists 80,000 1,000 75,000 5,000 S S 75,000 3,000 77,000 5,000 83,000 2,500 70,000 6,000
Psychologists 80,000 1,500 75,000 1,500 68,000 2,000 75,000 2,500 74,000 3,000 83,000 1,500 74,000 8,500
Social scientists 85,000 1,000 78,000 2,500 79,000 8,500 80,000 4,000 79,000 2,500 87,000 2,000 80,000 8,000
Engineering occupations 100,000 500 91,000 3,000 D D 95,000 2,000 95,000 3,000 105,000 2,000 122,000 16,000
S&E-related occupations 100,000 2,500 84,000 2,500 D D 95,000 5,000 95,000 3,500 100,000 3,000 91,000 12,000
Non-S&E occupations 110,000 1,500 91,000 7,000 77,000 6,000 109,000 9,000 98,000 4,000 115,000 3,000 90,000 8,500
Other educational institutione 70,000 2,000 70,000 3,000 D D 70,000 4,000 74,000 6,500 70,000 2,000 75,000 3,500
Science occupations 72,000 2,500 70,000 4,000 D D 70,000 4,000 71,000 7,500 72,000 2,500 82,000 6,000
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 65,000 1,000 64,000 7,500 D D 67,000 7,500 55,000 12,000 65,000 3,000 S S
Computer/information scientists 87,000 8,000 D D D D S S D D 77,000 10,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 75,000 4,000 D D D D 61,000 18,500 S S 76,000 3,000 D D
Physical scientists 68,000 5,500 78,000 4,500 D D 62,000 7,000 62,000 1,500 69,000 5,500 D D
Psychologists 81,000 2,500 77,000 9,000 D D S S 81,000 4,000 80,000 2,500 D D
Social scientists 71,000 4,500 60,000 6,000 D D D D 62,000 8,500 71,000 5,500 D D
Engineering occupations 76,000 6,000 D D D D D D D D 76,000 6,000 D D
S&E-related occupations 65,000 1,500 62,000 8,000 D D 68,000 10,000 67,000 2,500 65,000 2,000 70,000 8,500
Non-S&E occupations 83,000 3,500 68,000 8,500 D D 67,000 24,000 85,000 8,000 83,000 5,000 D D
Private, for-profitf 135,000 500 124,000 3,000 143,000 18,500 131,000 3,000 120,000 3,000 140,000 2,500 123,000 4,000
Science occupations 128,000 2,000 115,000 5,000 144,000 37,500 129,000 500 113,000 7,000 129,000 2,000 115,000 5,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 120,000 2,500 104,000 5,500 D D 115,000 4,500 106,000 5,000 125,000 1,000 116,000 8,000
Computer/information scientists 140,000 1,500 144,000 8,500 D D 142,000 4,000 128,000 5,500 140,000 1,500 125,000 11,500
Mathematical scientists 140,000 5,000 154,000 26,000 D D 139,000 6,500 130,000 19,500 144,000 5,500 180,000 84,500
Physical scientists 125,000 1,500 123,000 5,500 D D 115,000 5,000 111,000 6,500 129,000 1,000 91,000 37,000
Psychologists 98,000 2,000 68,000 8,000 D D S S 86,000 10,000 99,000 1,000 84,000 7,000
Social scientists 125,000 4,000 139,000 19,000 D D 131,000 14,000 114,000 16,000 124,000 4,500 D D
Engineering occupations 129,000 1,500 123,000 4,500 130,000 35,000 124,000 3,000 119,000 3,000 135,000 2,000 129,000 7,000
S&E-related occupations 159,000 2,000 161,000 16,000 S S 158,000 8,000 120,000 9,000 162,000 5,000 131,000 40,500
Non-S&E occupations 150,000 2,500 132,000 9,500 D D 150,000 7,500 115,000 17,000 155,000 5,500 126,000 23,500
Private, nonprofit 111,000 4,000 101,000 6,000 D D 99,000 2,500 94,000 5,500 120,000 500 100,000 9,500
Science occupations 100,000 3,000 88,000 6,500 D D 92,000 5,000 89,000 6,000 110,000 2,500 89,000 9,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 85,000 3,500 65,000 4,500 D D 61,000 4,500 62,000 13,500 100,000 7,500 50,000 2,500
Computer/information scientists 123,000 5,500 D D D D 100,000 13,000 D D 128,000 5,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 100,000 10,000 * * D D 99,000 5,000 104,000 11,500 102,000 11,000 D D
Physical scientists 119,000 3,000 113,000 6,500 D D 106,000 7,500 80,000 28,500 128,000 8,000 D D
Psychologists 92,000 2,500 92,000 9,000 D D 78,000 14,000 91,000 11,000 93,000 4,000 S S
Social scientists 114,000 7,000 106,000 20,500 D D 109,000 15,500 100,000 13,000 117,000 7,500 D D
Engineering occupations 127,000 5,000 102,000 7,000 D D 115,000 8,500 D D 128,000 3,000 D D
S&E-related occupations 149,000 5,500 156,000 42,000 D D 119,000 24,500 119,000 28,000 158,000 11,000 92,000 20,000
Non-S&E occupations 114,000 8,000 100,000 7,500 D D 95,000 10,000 87,000 15,500 120,000 5,500 85,000 10,500
Federal government 117,000 1,500 109,000 1,500 111,000 7,500 115,000 3,000 105,000 3,000 120,000 2,000 122,000 7,000
Science occupations 110,000 500 101,000 6,000 D D 107,000 5,500 99,000 2,000 113,000 3,000 107,000 13,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 103,000 2,500 100,000 6,000 D D 94,000 2,500 95,000 2,500 106,000 3,500 105,000 23,500
Computer/information scientists 120,000 4,000 D D D D 127,000 3,500 D D 117,000 5,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 124,000 4,500 109,000 2,000 D D 109,000 8,500 115,000 32,500 130,000 9,000 D D
Physical scientists 119,000 2,500 104,000 6,500 D D 110,000 4,500 90,000 11,000 120,000 2,500 103,000 25,500
Psychologists 102,000 2,500 96,000 3,000 D D 99,000 11,500 96,000 1,000 104,000 3,500 104,000 2,500
Social scientists 123,000 4,500 129,000 4,500 D D 120,000 7,500 109,000 6,500 123,000 8,000 D D
Engineering occupations 120,000 2,000 115,000 6,500 D D 115,000 7,500 116,000 8,500 120,000 3,000 127,000 24,000
S&E-related occupations 135,000 4,000 146,000 9,000 D D 144,000 12,000 116,000 5,000 135,000 5,000 133,000 36,000
Non-S&E occupations 129,000 2,500 113,000 15,000 D D 124,000 7,500 126,000 6,000 130,000 5,500 145,000 17,500
State or local government 89,000 3,000 80,000 4,000 * * 97,000 5,500 89,000 2,500 86,000 3,000 99,000 11,000
Science occupations 82,000 2,000 76,000 9,500 D D 79,000 2,500 85,000 4,500 82,000 2,000 93,000 16,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 73,000 2,000 61,000 7,500 D D 72,000 6,500 78,000 10,000 72,000 2,000 S S
Computer/information scientists 82,000 6,000 D D D D 63,000 2,500 D D 85,000 9,000 D D
Mathematical scientists 70,000 24,000 D D D D S S S S 69,000 14,000 D D
Physical scientists 82,000 5,000 102,000 34,000 D D 79,000 5,000 D D 83,000 5,000 * *
Psychologists 89,000 3,000 D D D D D D 90,000 4,500 89,000 3,000 D D
Social scientists 80,000 4,500 D D D D 114,000 27,500 D D 70,000 9,500 D D
Engineering occupations 100,000 3,500 * * D D 103,000 6,000 100,000 5,000 95,000 4,000 D D
S&E-related occupations 99,000 3,000 87,000 11,000 D D 112,000 12,500 96,000 7,500 96,000 3,000 S S
Non-S&E occupations 96,000 3,500 83,000 9,500 D D 99,000 500 84,000 15,000 95,000 5,000 83,000 17,500
Self-employedg 100,000 1,000 94,000 6,000 S S 89,000 8,000 78,000 17,000 100,000 7,500 92,000 18,000
Science occupations 100,000 6,500 94,000 3,500 D D 79,000 17,500 92,000 29,500 109,000 5,500 D D
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 84,000 8,500 D D D D D D D D 84,000 15,000 D D
Computer/information scientists S S D D D D S S D D 46,000 16,500 D D
Mathematical scientists 124,000 33,000 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Physical scientists 113,000 21,500 D D D D D D D D 116,000 25,500 D D
Psychologists 108,000 9,000 92,000 11,000 D D 74,000 16,000 S S 109,000 5,000 S S
Social scientists 97,000 8,500 S S D D S S D D 112,000 13,000 D D
Engineering occupations 117,000 11,000 S S D D 48,000 9,000 D D 120,000 23,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 120,000 22,500 D D D D S S D D 115,000 18,000 D D
Non-S&E occupations 79,000 13,000 41,000 18,000 D D 140,000 17,500 74,000 6,000 75,000 11,500 S S
Other sectorh 120,000 10,500 150,000 21,000 D D 120,000 13,000 S S 129,000 14,000 D D
Science occupations 119,000 8,000 155,000 30,500 D D 118,000 7,000 S S 111,000 20,000 D D
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 81,000 16,500 S S D D 100,000 8,500 D D 59,000 11,500 D D
Computer/information scientists 130,000 11,000 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Mathematical scientists 110,000 7,000 D D D D D D D D S S D D
Physical scientists 106,000 18,000 D D D D 74,000 15,000 D D 116,000 24,000 D D
Psychologists 73,000 21,500 D D D D D D D D 73,000 21,500 D D
Social scientists 159,000 25,000 174,000 31,000 D D 156,000 31,000 D D 160,000 32,000 D D
Engineering occupations 125,000 11,000 D D D D 125,000 20,500 D D 127,000 10,500 D D
S&E-related occupations 130,000 28,500 D D D D D D D D 108,000 20,000 D D
Non-S&E occupations 100,000 42,500 D D D D 133,000 35,500 D D 151,000 30,000 D D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
d Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
e Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
f Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
h Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Designation of full-time and part-time employment status is based on principal job only, not on all jobs held in labor force. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 2015.