Table 73-2. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by occupation and primary work activity: 2015

(Dollars)

Occupation	All full-time employed		Computer applications		Management, sales, or administration^a		Professional services		Any R&D^b		Teaching		Other^c
Occupation	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE	Median salary	SE
All occupations	106,000	1,000	122,000	3,000	134,000	2,000	110,000	1,000	110,000	500	76,000	500	100,000	2,000
Science occupations	97,000	1,000	122,000	3,500	120,000	500	100,000	500	102,000	1,500	74,000	1,000	94,000	4,500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists	90,000	500	92,000	9,500	115,000	3,000	111,000	5,000	92,000	1,500	70,000	1,000	90,000	3,000
Agricultural/food scientists	100,000	2,500	D	D	118,000	5,500	98,000	4,500	95,000	3,500	89,000	11,000	76,000	12,000
Biochemists/biophysicists	90,000	4,000	S	S	117,000	6,500	D	D	79,000	5,000	D	D	82,000	18,000
Biological scientists	78,000	2,500	65,000	12,000	95,000	3,500	78,000	15,500	73,000	3,000	56,000	10,000	78,000	6,500
Forestry/conservation scientists	88,000	5,500	S	S	102,000	8,000	75,000	8,000	86,000	4,000	D	D	82,000	18,000
Medical scientists	103,000	3,000	98,000	12,500	133,000	6,000	134,000	11,000	94,000	2,500	122,000	4,500	110,000	5,500
Postsecondary teachers, agricultural/other natural sciences	91,000	3,000	D	D	126,000	21,500	S	S	103,000	4,000	80,000	3,500	78,000	6,500
Postsecondary teachers, biological sciences	82,000	2,000	D	D	95,000	8,500	D	D	102,000	2,500	68,000	1,500	86,000	34,000
Other biological/agricultural/life scientists	96,000	4,000	89,000	12,500	133,000	6,000	109,000	9,500	89,000	3,500	81,000	18,500	96,000	18,000
Computer/information scientists	129,000	2,500	126,000	2,500	150,000	9,000	122,000	6,500	137,000	3,500	93,000	4,000	108,000	9,500
Computer/information scientists	132,000	3,500	126,000	3,000	160,000	7,000	122,000	8,000	140,000	1,000	130,000	17,500	109,000	9,000
Postsecondary teachers, computer science	103,000	4,500	106,000	16,000	118,000	3,500	D	D	118,000	6,000	91,000	4,000	D	D
Mathematical scientists	100,000	1,500	118,000	5,000	125,000	12,000	128,000	17,000	115,000	3,000	74,000	2,500	97,000	13,500
Mathematical scientists	125,000	4,000	119,000	5,000	149,000	4,500	128,000	17,000	122,000	4,000	89,000	9,000	112,000	17,000
Postsecondary teachers, mathematics/statistics	81,000	1,500	D	D	98,000	11,500	D	D	100,000	1,500	73,000	2,500	69,000	10,500
Physical scientists	100,000	1,000	106,000	7,500	125,000	3,500	134,000	15,000	109,000	500	72,000	1,500	96,000	6,000
Chemists, except biochemists	112,000	4,000	S	S	124,000	5,500	127,000	24,000	114,000	4,000	D	D	92,000	8,000
Earth/atmospheric/ocean scientists	111,000	5,000	108,000	15,000	137,000	4,000	116,000	48,000	109,000	1,500	193,000	37,000	95,000	17,500
Physicists/astronomers	119,000	1,000	107,000	9,500	140,000	6,500	146,000	7,500	116,000	4,500	S	S	110,000	13,000
Postsecondary teachers, chemistry	75,000	1,000	D	D	97,000	10,000	D	D	95,000	5,000	68,000	2,000	S	S
Postsecondary teachers, physics	88,000	3,000	D	D	117,000	21,500	188,000	18,000	98,000	3,000	78,000	3,500	D	D
Postsecondary teachers, other physical sciences	85,000	3,500	D	D	109,000	3,500	D	D	97,000	3,000	79,000	3,500	90,000	6,000
Other physical scientists	108,000	2,000	115,000	39,000	124,000	11,000	99,000	20,000	107,000	4,000	S	S	107,000	20,500
Psychologists	90,000	500	D	D	104,000	6,000	96,000	2,500	96,000	3,000	71,000	1,500	76,000	7,000
Psychologists	96,000	2,000	D	D	102,000	8,000	96,000	2,500	97,000	3,000	75,000	7,000	86,000	10,000
Postsecondary teachers, psychology	80,000	1,500	D	D	108,000	6,500	96,000	13,500	95,000	4,000	70,000	2,000	67,000	8,000
Social scientists	90,000	1,500	95,000	3,000	112,000	6,500	140,000	24,500	102,000	2,500	76,000	1,500	99,000	1,500
Economists	140,000	3,500	S	S	140,000	7,500	155,000	8,500	139,000	6,500	D	D	99,000	13,500
Political scientists	110,000	9,000	D	D	138,000	12,000	102,000	30,500	110,000	9,500	D	D	97,000	9,500
Postsecondary teachers, economics	103,000	3,500	D	D	143,000	21,500	D	D	124,000	5,500	90,000	2,000	D	D
Postsecondary teachers, political science	80,000	4,500	D	D	101,000	23,500	D	D	86,000	3,000	78,000	3,500	D	D
Postsecondary teachers, sociology	75,000	2,000	D	D	136,000	17,000	D	D	95,000	4,500	70,000	2,000	92,000	20,500
Postsecondary teachers, other social sciences	79,000	2,000	D	D	102,000	7,500	D	D	86,000	2,500	74,000	1,000	96,000	9,000
Sociologists/anthropologists	94,000	9,000	D	D	94,000	6,500	D	D	86,000	10,000	D	D	90,000	12,500
Other social scientists	99,000	3,000	D	D	101,000	8,000	115,000	6,500	96,000	4,000	D	D	102,000	21,500
Engineering occupations	120,000	500	120,000	3,000	130,000	2,000	117,000	5,500	120,000	500	94,000	2,000	119,000	4,000
Aerospace/aeronautical/astronautical engineers	137,000	3,000	142,000	28,000	153,000	6,000	D	D	130,000	3,500	D	D	146,000	30,000
Chemical engineers	122,000	3,500	D	D	149,000	6,000	D	D	120,000	3,000	D	D	103,000	13,000
Civil/architectural/sanitary engineers	104,000	2,000	101,000	8,000	106,000	3,000	133,000	8,000	100,000	2,000	D	D	106,000	15,000
Electrical engineers	134,000	3,000	131,000	5,000	135,000	7,500	92,000	34,500	134,000	2,500	D	D	117,000	9,000
Industrial engineers	99,000	3,000	S	S	142,000	26,000	D	D	98,000	1,500	D	D	S	S
Mechanical engineers	113,000	3,500	100,000	5,000	115,000	10,500	D	D	113,000	3,500	D	D	119,000	15,000
Postsecondary teachers, engineering	101,000	2,000	D	D	119,000	6,000	D	D	110,000	3,000	94,000	2,000	98,000	11,500
Other engineers	121,000	3,000	121,000	3,000	130,000	2,500	115,000	5,000	120,000	3,000	104,000	15,000	119,000	3,000
S&E-related occupations	120,000	2,500	124,000	5,000	148,000	3,500	150,000	6,000	125,000	3,500	77,000	2,000	109,000	6,500
Health occupations, except postsecondary teachers and managers	126,000	4,500	S	S	120,000	2,500	139,000	8,000	125,000	6,500	100,000	8,500	118,000	20,500
Postsecondary teachers, health and related sciences	98,000	2,500	D	D	110,000	9,500	186,000	10,000	106,000	5,000	84,000	2,000	89,000	11,500
S&E managers, including health	152,000	4,000	145,000	15,000	158,000	3,500	224,000	31,500	148,000	5,000	D	D	138,000	23,500
S&E precollege teachers	63,000	3,000	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	63,000	3,500	D	D
S&E technicians and technologists	112,000	6,500	120,000	8,500	128,000	42,500	D	D	90,000	21,500	D	D	S	S
Other S&E-related occupations	119,000	14,000	S	S	116,000	10,000	145,000	13,000	110,000	24,500	D	D	D	D
Non-S&E occupations	126,000	2,500	123,000	14,500	140,000	4,000	128,000	12,000	135,000	4,500	78,000	3,000	100,000	1,000
Arts/humanities-related occupations	80,000	4,500	S	S	70,000	10,500	80,000	8,500	74,000	6,000	47,000	11,500	80,000	5,000
Management-related occupations	125,000	4,000	98,000	5,500	129,000	4,000	144,000	9,500	120,000	10,500	147,000	26,000	101,000	6,500
Non-S&E managers	160,000	2,500	142,000	3,500	162,000	4,000	148,000	14,500	159,000	6,000	99,000	15,000	165,000	16,500
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers	90,000	2,000	D	D	105,000	8,500	74,000	5,500	121,000	8,000	80,000	1,500	73,000	3,000
Non-S&E precollege/other teachers	64,000	3,500	D	D	89,000	29,000	D	D	68,000	22,500	55,000	7,000	D	D
Sales/marketing occupations	128,000	4,500	S	S	126,000	5,500	144,000	7,000	126,000	12,000	S	S	154,000	11,000
Social service–related occupations	63,000	5,000	D	D	73,000	8,000	68,000	4,000	51,000	14,500	63,000	9,000	46,000	5,000
Other non-S&E occupations	110,000	7,500	D	D	70,000	10,500	166,000	11,000	91,000	9,000	41,000	15,000	73,000	11,500

NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Designation of full-time and part-time employment status is based on principal job only, not on all jobs held in labor force. Primary and secondary work activities were self-described by respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities . . . did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" If respondent reported more than one category of activity as primary or secondary work activity, respondent's salary appears in both categories. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.