Table 77. U.S. residing doctoral scientists and engineers on postdoctoral appointments, by selected demographic characteristics and broad field of doctorate: 2015

Characteristic	All employed		Science														Engineering		Health
	All employed		Total		Biological, agricultural and environmental life sciences		Computer and information sciences		Mathematics and statistics		Physical sciences		Psychology		Social sciences		Engineering		Health
	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE	Number	SE
On postdoc in February 2015	26,750	650	22,650	575	15,200	450	400	100	650	125	4,750	225	1,050	150	650	125	3,150	275	900	125
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 years	20,050	475	16,950	450	11,100	325	250	75	450	100	3,850	200	850	125	450	100	2,500	225	650	125
6–10 years	4,500	350	3,850	350	2,950	275	100	75	S	S	500	100	100	50	S	S	550	125	150	75
11–15 years	950	175	850	175	600	150	D	D	D	D	150	75	D	D	D	D	50	50	D	D
>15 years	1,200	200	1,050	200	600	125	D	D	D	D	250	100	100	50	S	S	100	50	D	D
Sex
Male	15,500	475	12,650	425	7,750	325	350	100	450	100	3,400	225	350	75	350	100	2,450	250	400	100
Female	11,250	425	10,000	375	7,450	325	50	50	150	75	1,350	125	700	125	300	75	750	100	500	100
Ethnicity	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D
Hispanic or Latino^a	1,550	125	1,350	125	1,000	100	D	D	D	D	200	50	100	50	50	25	100	50	50	50
Not Hispanic or Latino^b
American Indian or Alaska Native	50	25	50	25	*	*	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D	D
Asian	9,800	400	8,000	350	5,400	300	200	75	250	100	1,800	175	150	50	150	75	1,450	175	350	100
Black or African American	900	125	750	125	500	100	D	D	D	D	150	75	D	D	D	D	50	25	100	25
White	13,900	475	12,000	425	7,900	325	150	75	350	100	2,450	175	700	100	400	100	1,500	175	400	100
Other race^c	550	100	550	100	350	75	D	D	D	D	150	50	50	25	D	D	D	D	D	D
Age
Under 35	14,300	425	11,850	400	7,800	300	150	50	400	100	2,750	175	550	100	150	50	1,950	200	450	100
35-44	10,100	400	8,700	375	6,050	325	200	75	200	100	1,650	175	250	75	300	100	1,050	150	350	100
45-75	2,350	250	2,100	250	1,300	200	D	D	D	D	350	100	200	75	150	75	150	50	100	50
Citizenship
U.S. citizen	15,950	500	13,900	450	9,600	325	100	50	300	100	2,500	175	950	125	500	100	1,450	175	600	100
Non-U.S. citizen	10,800	375	8,750	350	5,600	275	300	100	350	100	2,250	175	100	50	150	75	1,750	175	300	100
Sector of employment
Educational institution^d	19,250	575	16,450	525	11,150	425	300	100	500	125	3,300	225	800	125	400	75	2,250	200	550	125
Business/industry^e	5,000	300	4,250	275	2,850	225	D	D	D	D	900	150	150	75	250	100	550	125	200	75
Government^f	2,500	225	1,950	175	1,200	150	S	S	D	D	550	100	100	50	D	D	350	100	150	75

NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. A postdoc is a temporary position awarded in academe, industry, nonprofit organizations, or government primarily for gaining additional education and training in research. Postdoc status is reported for the principal job as of the survey reference date (1 February 2015). Years since doctorate were calculated as academic years since doctorate attainment. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2015.