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Table 17. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by field of doctorate, sex, and faculty rank: 2017

Field of study and sex All employed Full professor Associate professor Assistant professor Instructor or lecturer All other faculty Rank not applicable
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All fields 319,400 2,925 98,800 1,875 71,250 1,425 64,850 1,200 19,450 625 1,700 225 63,400 1,150
Male 198,750 2,225 71,900 1,650 43,300 1,125 36,900 900 10,200 450 1,000 175 35,450 950
Female 120,650 1,500 26,900 700 27,950 675 27,950 700 9,250 425 700 150 27,950 650
Science 258,700 2,475 79,850 1,575 57,000 1,225 50,950 1,125 16,800 625 1,400 200 52,700 1,050
Male 159,400 1,925 58,150 1,375 34,600 975 28,800 875 8,600 425 800 150 28,400 850
Female 99,300 1,275 21,700 600 22,350 625 22,150 600 8,200 425 600 125 24,300 600
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 90,500 1,250 23,450 875 15,700 600 17,900 600 4,600 300 750 150 28,100 725
Male 53,600 975 17,100 750 9,900 475 10,100 475 2,100 250 350 100 14,050 500
Female 36,900 775 6,350 350 5,800 350 7,850 400 2,450 200 400 125 14,050 500
Agricultural and food sciences 6,350 325 2,550 200 1,050 100 1,050 150 200 50 S S 1,450 150
Male 4,400 275 2,100 200 750 100 600 125 100 50 D D 850 125
Female 1,900 150 450 75 300 50 400 100 100 50 S S 600 75
Biochemistry and biophysics 11,100 425 2,950 250 1,750 225 2,200 225 500 100 D D 3,600 300
Male 7,450 400 2,200 225 1,200 200 1,550 225 300 75 D D 2,200 250
Female 3,650 250 750 125 550 125 650 125 200 100 D D 1,450 175
Cell, cellular biology, and molecular biology 13,250 500 3,050 275 2,100 250 2,450 250 650 125 200 75 4,800 350
Male 7,900 425 2,100 250 1,400 225 1,200 175 350 125 D D 2,750 275
Female 5,350 325 950 150 700 100 1,250 175 300 100 50 50 2,050 200
Microbiological sciences and immunology 8,750 400 2,000 225 1,350 200 1,800 200 350 100 S S 3,150 250
Male 4,850 325 1,350 200 800 175 1,100 175 100 75 D D 1,400 200
Female 3,900 250 650 125 550 100 700 100 250 75 D D 1,700 175
Natural resources and conservation 3,250 200 1,100 175 650 75 550 75 200 50 D D 700 100
Male 2,200 175 900 150 450 75 300 50 150 50 D D 350 75
Female 1,100 100 200 50 200 50 250 50 50 25 D D 350 75
Zoology 3,500 200 1,800 150 700 100 300 75 150 50 D D 500 100
Male 2,500 175 1,500 150 400 100 200 75 D D D D 250 75
Female 1,000 100 300 75 250 75 100 50 100 50 D D 250 75
Other biological sciences 44,300 825 10,000 550 8,050 375 9,600 375 2,500 225 300 100 13,850 525
Male 24,350 675 6,950 475 4,850 325 5,100 325 1,100 200 50 50 6,250 325
Female 19,950 550 3,050 200 3,200 225 4,450 275 1,400 150 250 100 7,600 375
Computer and information sciences 8,800 425 2,750 275 2,450 250 2,150 225 500 100 D D 900 125
Male 6,800 400 2,250 250 1,900 225 1,650 200 200 75 D D 700 125
Female 2,000 150 500 75 500 100 500 100 300 75 D D 200 50
Mathematics and statistics 18,800 550 7,350 400 5,000 325 3,450 275 1,450 200 D D 1,500 200
Male 14,250 450 6,050 375 3,700 275 2,400 225 1,000 175 D D 1,100 175
Female 4,500 250 1,300 150 1,300 150 1,050 125 450 125 D D 450 125
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 44,150 1,000 14,200 525 8,350 450 7,400 375 3,300 250 250 75 10,700 475
Male 33,600 900 11,950 500 6,200 425 5,250 325 2,200 225 150 75 7,900 425
Female 10,550 350 2,250 175 2,150 175 2,150 200 1,100 150 100 75 2,800 200
Astronomy and astrophysics 2,750 150 850 100 550 100 400 75 150 50 D D 800 100
Male 2,200 150 650 100 450 100 300 75 100 50 D D 600 100
Female 550 75 150 50 50 25 100 25 50 25 D D 200 50
Chemistry, except biochemistry 18,600 650 5,550 350 3,500 275 3,100 250 1,650 200 150 75 4,700 325
Male 13,100 575 4,450 325 2,250 250 2,200 250 1,000 175 D D 3,200 250
Female 5,500 275 1,050 150 1,250 150 900 125 700 125 D D 1,500 175
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 9,150 275 3,100 175 1,800 150 1,500 125 550 75 50 25 2,100 150
Male 6,550 250 2,550 175 1,350 150 950 100 300 75 50 25 1,450 150
Female 2,550 125 600 75 450 50 550 75 250 75 D D 650 50
Physics 13,700 550 4,700 325 2,550 250 2,350 225 900 150 S S 3,100 250
Male 11,750 475 4,250 300 2,150 225 1,800 200 800 125 S S 2,700 225
Female 1,950 175 400 100 400 100 600 125 100 50 D D 400 100
Psychology 37,200 775 11,200 475 9,850 425 7,300 400 2,250 250 200 75 6,450 400
Male 15,950 575 6,050 375 4,350 350 2,500 250 700 125 D D 2,200 275
Female 21,200 550 5,100 300 5,500 275 4,800 300 1,550 175 50 50 4,200 300
Social sciences 59,300 950 20,900 650 15,650 600 12,750 475 4,750 325 100 50 5,100 325
Male 35,200 775 14,750 550 8,550 475 6,950 400 2,350 250 100 50 2,450 250
Female 24,100 575 6,150 325 7,100 350 5,800 300 2,400 225 D D 2,650 225
Economics 12,750 450 5,250 325 3,450 275 2,850 250 550 100 D D 600 100
Male 9,500 400 4,500 325 2,450 225 1,750 225 400 100 D D 400 100
Female 3,250 225 800 100 1,000 150 1,100 150 200 75 D D 200 50
Political science and government 12,750 475 4,700 350 3,250 300 2,850 275 900 175 D D 1,050 175
Male 8,550 425 3,700 325 1,950 225 1,850 225 450 150 D D 600 125
Female 4,200 300 1,000 150 1,350 225 1,000 175 450 125 D D 400 125
Sociology, demography, and population studies 10,050 350 3,700 250 2,600 225 2,150 200 700 150 D D 850 125
Male 4,600 275 2,150 200 950 150 900 150 300 100 D D 300 100
Female 5,450 250 1,600 150 1,650 175 1,250 150 400 100 D D 550 100
Other social sciences 23,750 475 7,200 300 6,300 325 4,900 275 2,600 200 100 50 2,650 225
Male 12,550 425 4,450 250 3,200 250 2,500 200 1,200 150 100 50 1,150 150
Female 11,200 350 2,750 200 3,100 225 2,450 175 1,400 150 D D 1,500 150
Engineering 40,900 975 13,850 625 8,600 500 8,400 425 1,900 200 200 100 7,950 375
Male 33,300 900 12,150 575 7,000 425 6,650 375 1,450 200 150 100 5,900 325
Female 7,600 375 1,700 175 1,600 175 1,750 175 450 100 D D 2,050 175
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 1,700 200 700 125 300 75 250 75 50 50 D D 400 100
Male 1,550 175 700 125 250 75 200 75 D D D D 350 100
Female 150 50 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Chemical engineering 3,550 300 1,000 175 950 175 550 125 250 100 D D 750 150
Male 2,750 275 850 175 800 150 400 100 200 100 D D 450 125
Female 750 125 150 50 150 75 150 75 D D D D 300 75
Civil engineering 6,250 375 2,300 275 1,450 200 1,400 175 250 75 D D 750 125
Male 5,050 350 2,000 275 1,200 175 1,050 150 150 75 D D 600 125
Female 1,200 125 300 75 250 75 350 75 100 50 D D 150 50
Electrical and computer engineering 9,650 450 3,950 300 2,050 225 1,750 200 350 100 S S 1,400 200
Male 8,350 400 3,450 275 1,700 175 1,650 200 300 125 D D 1,200 200
Female 1,300 150 500 100 350 100 150 50 100 50 D D 200 50
Mechanical engineering 5,500 350 1,750 225 1,400 200 1,250 200 250 75 D D 850 175
Male 4,750 325 1,550 225 1,200 200 1,150 200 200 100 D D 650 150
Female 750 125 200 75 200 75 100 50 D D D D 200 75
Metallurgical and materials engineering 2,650 200 750 125 400 75 500 100 150 50 D D 900 150
Male 2,050 175 650 125 300 75 350 100 D D D D 600 125
Female 650 100 100 50 100 50 150 50 D D D D 300 75
Other engineering 11,600 400 3,400 250 2,100 200 2,600 200 550 125 D D 2,850 225
Male 8,800 425 2,950 225 1,500 175 1,800 200 400 100 D D 2,050 225
Female 2,800 200 450 75 550 100 800 100 100 50 D D 800 125
Health 19,800 525 5,100 325 5,700 350 5,500 300 700 125 100 75 2,700 250
Male 6,050 300 1,550 175 1,700 175 1,450 175 150 50 D D 1,100 150
Female 13,800 450 3,500 300 4,000 300 4,050 275 550 100 50 50 1,600 200
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Four-year educational institutions include 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.