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Table 23. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by broad field of doctorate, primary work activity, and secondary work activity: 2017

Field of study and primary work activity All employed Secondary work activity
Computer applications Management, sales, or administrationa R&Db Teaching Otherc None
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
All fields 319,400 2,925 8,900 475 66,500 1,450 123,200 1,800 60,850 1,375 22,800 775 37,150 775
Computer applications 3,050 275 na na 350 100 1,900 200 250 100 100 50 500 125
Management, sales, or administrationa 39,600 1,125 400 100 10,450 525 12,150 575 10,150 525 3,400 300 3,000 275
R&Db 131,650 1,775 6,400 375 26,950 775 37,350 825 45,400 1,200 4,850 325 10,700 500
Teaching 124,750 1,725 1,800 225 23,150 750 67,100 1,325 D D 13,950 550 18,700 600
Other work activityc 20,350 675 300 100 5,650 325 4,700 350 5,000 325 400 125 4,250 325
Science 258,700 2,475 6,950 400 54,500 1,300 98,300 1,500 48,850 1,100 19,350 725 30,750 700
Computer applications 2,200 225 na na 250 75 1,300 175 200 75 S S 350 125
Management, sales, or administrationa 31,400 900 300 100 8,650 450 9,250 475 7,850 450 3,050 275 2,350 250
R&Db 104,950 1,500 4,950 350 22,350 675 28,150 725 36,600 925 4,150 300 8,800 450
Teaching 103,150 1,450 1,450 200 18,650 700 55,450 1,150 na na 11,750 475 15,800 525
Other work activityc 17,000 600 250 100 4,600 275 4,100 325 4,200 300 350 100 3,450 275
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 90,500 1,250 2,400 225 22,800 725 32,950 850 14,600 575 6,750 425 11,000 475
Computer applications 650 125 na na 50 50 300 100 S S D D 150 75
Management, sales, or administrationa 11,700 550 S S 3,200 300 4,150 325 2,400 250 1,000 175 900 150
R&Db 47,750 900 2,100 200 12,850 575 15,000 550 9,950 450 2,700 275 5,150 325
Teaching 22,800 675 100 50 5,100 325 11,350 475 na na 2,850 250 3,400 275
Other work activityc 7,600 400 200 100 1,600 175 2,100 225 2,100 225 200 100 1,350 200
Computer and information sciences 8,800 425 800 150 1,450 200 3,350 275 2,100 200 300 100 750 175
Computer applications 350 125 na na D D 200 75 D D D D S S
Management, sales, or administrationa 1,050 175 D D 200 75 350 100 400 125 D D S S
R&Db 3,600 275 350 75 600 150 800 125 1,600 175 D D 200 100
Teaching 3,600 275 450 125 550 125 2,050 225 na na 300 100 250 75
Other work activityc 200 75 D D D D D D D D D D 100 50
Mathematics and statistics 18,800 550 650 125 1,900 225 7,700 400 4,750 300 1,550 175 2,250 225
Computer applications 250 100 na na D D 200 75 D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 1,400 200 D D 250 75 250 75 600 125 150 50 150 75
R&Db 5,550 350 150 75 350 100 850 150 3,850 275 D D 350 100
Teaching 11,050 475 450 100 1,250 175 6,350 375 na na 1,350 175 1,650 200
Other work activityc 550 100 D D 100 50 S S 300 100 D D S S
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 44,150 1,000 1,950 200 9,100 400 16,950 600 8,100 450 2,500 250 5,500 350
Computer applications 800 125 na na 100 50 550 100 D D D D 100 50
Management, sales, or administrationa 4,800 300 150 50 1,000 150 1,700 175 1,250 150 400 125 250 75
R&Db 19,600 675 1,600 175 3,500 275 5,950 350 6,550 425 450 100 1,550 200
Teaching 17,000 575 200 75 3,850 250 8,200 400 na na 1,600 175 3,100 275
Other work activityc 2,000 225 50 25 650 100 500 125 250 75 D D 550 125
Psychology 37,200 775 350 100 9,150 450 13,300 550 6,450 350 3,950 300 4,000 300
Computer applications 100 50 na na D D 50 50 D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 4,850 325 D D 1,500 200 1,200 175 1,100 175 800 150 250 75
R&Db 11,300 450 300 100 2,750 250 2,700 250 4,450 275 550 100 550 125
Teaching 16,300 575 D D 3,250 300 8,250 425 na na 2,450 225 2,350 225
Other work activityc 4,600 350 D D 1,650 200 1,100 225 900 150 100 50 850 175
Social sciences 59,300 950 750 150 10,050 450 24,050 675 12,850 575 4,300 325 7,250 425
Computer applications S S na na D D D D D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 7,600 375 D D 2,500 250 1,650 175 2,050 200 650 150 750 150
R&Db 17,150 625 450 125 2,300 225 2,900 225 10,150 500 400 100 950 175
Teaching 32,400 800 250 100 4,650 300 19,250 625 na na 3,250 275 5,000 375
Other work activityc 2,100 200 D D 600 125 300 75 650 125 D D 500 100
Engineering 40,900 975 1,750 225 7,350 400 17,700 600 8,800 575 1,300 175 4,000 300
Computer applications 750 150 na na 100 75 500 125 50 50 D D 100 50
Management, sales, or administrationa 5,100 400 100 50 1,050 175 2,200 225 1,350 175 100 50 350 100
R&Db 20,650 675 1,250 175 3,150 250 7,600 425 7,000 525 350 100 1,300 200
Teaching 12,750 550 350 100 2,750 275 7,100 400 na na 850 150 1,750 200
Other work activityc 1,600 200 50 25 300 100 300 100 400 125 D D 550 125
Health 19,800 525 200 75 4,700 325 7,250 375 3,250 275 2,100 200 2,350 250
Computer applications 100 50 na na D D 50 25 D D D D D D
Management, sales, or administrationa 3,050 250 D D 750 125 750 125 1,000 175 300 100 300 100
R&Db 6,050 350 200 75 1,450 175 1,550 200 1,850 225 400 100 600 150
Teaching 8,850 425 D D 1,750 225 4,550 325 na na 1,350 175 1,150 175
Other work activityc 1,750 200 D D 700 150 300 75 400 100 S S 250 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
b R&D includes applied and basic research, design, and development.
c Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Four-year educational institutions include 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by the respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.