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Table 26-1. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics, primary or secondary work activity, and sector of employment: 2017

Characteristic All employed 4-year educational institutiona Other educational institutionb Private, for profitc Private, nonprofit Federal government State or local government Self-employedd Othere
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 815,100 1,400 319,400 2,925 29,800 875 288,950 2,775 55,150 1,175 51,950 1,075 17,550 575 44,650 1,100 7,650 375
Sex
Male 527,850 1,425 198,750 2,225 14,400 700 211,000 2,150 30,500 850 33,600 825 10,100 525 24,600 825 4,950 325
Female 287,250 1,050 120,650 1,500 15,400 575 77,950 1,250 24,600 700 18,400 625 7,450 375 20,000 675 2,700 225
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latinof 35,900 450 15,450 350 1,550 150 10,850 400 2,500 225 2,550 225 800 125 1,450 175 750 125
Not Hispanic or Latinog
American Indian or Alaska Native 1,400 125 600 100 100 50 300 75 100 50 100 50 D D 100 50 S S
Asian 193,850 1,125 60,150 1,275 3,200 325 99,750 1,550 10,350 525 8,700 450 3,900 275 5,000 425 2,750 275
Black or African American 29,200 375 12,600 425 2,450 250 7,300 350 2,050 200 2,150 175 1,200 175 900 125 500 125
White 542,850 1,500 225,800 2,050 22,000 750 167,050 1,675 39,050 950 37,550 850 11,300 450 36,550 925 3,600 250
Other raceh 11,900 425 4,800 250 450 100 3,650 275 1,050 150 950 125 250 75 650 125 50 50
Age
Under 35 90,850 1,000 36,900 775 1,700 175 37,800 850 5,750 350 5,200 325 1,400 150 1,050 175 1,050 200
35–39 115,700 1,225 49,400 900 2,950 250 43,150 975 8,950 400 6,850 400 1,800 200 1,650 200 950 125
40–44 107,600 1,150 42,950 900 3,600 325 39,650 900 7,450 375 8,000 450 1,950 200 3,050 300 950 150
45–49 106,750 1,250 40,650 850 4,700 325 40,800 1,025 7,350 425 6,950 350 2,550 250 3,100 300 750 125
50–54 102,650 1,425 36,850 1,025 3,950 250 40,150 1,125 6,700 375 7,300 450 2,250 250 4,600 400 850 150
55–59 97,100 1,375 37,300 850 4,300 350 33,250 950 6,650 450 7,000 375 2,400 225 5,050 350 1,100 175
60–64 89,100 1,250 36,300 925 3,750 300 26,800 950 5,750 400 5,600 375 2,850 275 7,250 425 800 150
65–75 105,300 1,300 39,050 950 4,850 325 27,350 725 6,550 450 5,150 375 2,300 250 18,850 700 1,200 175
Citizenship
U.S. citizen 699,550 1,750 274,700 2,800 27,750 825 234,850 2,575 48,750 1,125 49,500 1,025 15,800 550 43,300 1,075 4,950 325
Native-born 539,000 2,525 223,550 2,375 23,400 750 159,300 1,550 40,200 1,000 40,300 875 11,900 475 36,900 950 3,400 275
Naturalized 160,550 2,150 51,150 1,050 4,350 375 75,600 2,050 8,550 425 9,150 450 3,850 300 6,350 450 1,550 200
Non-U.S. citizen 115,500 1,250 44,700 850 2,000 250 54,100 1,025 6,400 425 2,500 250 1,750 225 1,350 200 2,700 275
Permanent resident 79,200 1,175 29,850 825 1,500 225 37,900 925 4,500 375 1,700 225 1,300 175 1,300 175 1,150 150
Temporary resident 36,300 850 14,900 575 500 125 16,200 625 1,850 200 800 150 450 100 50 25 1,550 225
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 134,300 625 58,700 925 3,700 275 47,350 875 9,300 375 9,150 425 2,700 250 1,800 200 1,550 225
6–10 143,200 800 59,000 825 4,700 300 52,050 850 10,850 425 8,900 450 2,800 200 3,600 325 1,250 175
11–15 116,050 775 47,500 850 4,700 375 39,800 975 8,650 475 8,050 400 3,000 275 3,500 275 850 150
16–20 112,850 875 39,100 875 4,650 350 45,200 1,000 7,400 450 7,800 400 2,600 250 5,250 400 850 150
21–25 99,600 750 35,900 900 4,100 300 38,200 975 5,850 375 6,500 400 2,300 225 5,800 375 900 150
> 25 209,100 1,300 79,200 1,400 7,950 425 66,350 1,175 13,050 600 11,600 475 4,100 325 24,600 775 2,250 225
Primary or secondary work activityi
Any R&D 512,550 2,425 217,550 2,550 5,950 400 190,700 2,075 32,150 875 36,350 825 8,900 425 15,550 625 5,350 350
Applied research 283,500 2,100 111,100 1,650 2,500 225 103,200 1,550 21,400 700 26,850 675 6,100 325 8,550 450 3,750 275
Basic research 173,150 1,750 126,200 1,800 2,000 250 16,350 650 10,550 475 11,800 475 2,050 200 2,950 325 1,200 175
Design 58,150 1,075 5,500 350 450 100 41,300 1,050 3,750 325 3,350 275 1,150 150 2,250 250 450 100
Development 131,500 1,875 12,100 525 1,400 200 96,500 1,475 5,450 350 7,000 425 1,700 225 5,500 400 1,900 225
Computer applications 80,200 1,325 11,950 550 950 150 52,350 1,125 4,700 350 4,900 325 1,900 200 2,300 250 1,100 175
Management, sales, or administrationj 320,500 2,300 95,650 1,775 9,650 475 132,050 1,775 28,650 850 24,750 750 9,600 450 17,150 725 3,000 250
Professional services 122,600 1,550 19,750 625 3,600 325 46,200 1,100 14,150 700 7,400 500 4,150 350 26,050 850 1,350 200
Teaching 230,400 2,350 185,600 2,325 22,150 725 9,550 475 5,100 350 2,150 275 1,250 175 4,300 300 300 100
Other work activityk 66,400 1,200 23,350 750 3,750 300 21,700 725 4,350 300 5,900 375 2,500 250 4,100 300 700 150
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
f Hispanic or Latino may be of any race
g American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
h Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
i Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses.
j Adminstration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
k Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activiites not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.