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Table 27-1. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary or secondary work activity: 2017

Characteristic All employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 815,100 1,400 527,850 1,425 287,250 1,050 35,900 450 21,900 425 13,950 325 1,400 125 850 100 550 100 193,850 1,125 133,400 1,025 60,450 850 29,200 375 14,950 375 14,250 375 542,850 1,500 350,200 1,425 192,650 1,025 11,900 425 6,550 350 5,350 275
Age
Under 35 90,850 1,000 52,900 900 37,950 675 4,350 225 2,400 175 1,950 150 150 50 50 50 50 25 30,600 750 19,150 700 11,450 425 2,700 175 950 100 1,750 175 51,200 775 29,400 600 21,800 475 1,850 175 950 150 900 100
35–39 115,700 1,225 67,750 1,075 47,900 775 5,900 275 3,250 200 2,650 175 200 75 150 50 100 50 34,650 875 22,250 725 12,400 425 4,500 225 1,950 150 2,550 175 67,950 900 38,900 750 29,050 575 2,450 200 1,250 150 1,200 150
40–44 107,600 1,150 64,300 1,025 43,300 775 5,600 275 3,150 200 2,450 175 200 75 150 50 100 50 33,750 775 20,650 650 13,100 550 4,350 225 2,200 200 2,150 150 61,750 900 37,200 875 24,550 600 1,950 200 950 150 1,000 125
45–49 106,750 1,250 67,250 1,125 39,550 725 5,700 300 3,450 250 2,250 150 200 75 100 50 100 50 26,850 850 18,500 650 8,350 450 4,550 275 2,250 200 2,350 200 68,000 1,050 42,200 950 25,800 625 1,450 175 700 125 750 125
50–54 102,650 1,425 69,200 1,325 33,450 700 4,450 225 2,900 200 1,500 150 100 50 100 50 50 25 29,100 925 21,950 800 7,100 425 3,150 200 1,750 150 1,400 125 64,550 1,200 41,700 975 22,850 600 1,300 150 750 125 500 100
55–59 97,100 1,375 66,500 1,125 30,600 675 4,300 275 2,900 250 1,400 150 200 75 150 50 50 25 18,150 775 13,600 650 4,500 325 3,000 225 1,800 175 1,250 125 70,400 1,075 47,350 975 23,050 600 1,100 175 700 150 400 100
60–64 89,100 1,250 62,250 1,100 26,850 725 2,850 225 1,950 175 900 125 150 50 50 50 100 50 12,400 525 10,050 475 2,350 225 3,100 225 1,900 175 1,200 150 69,900 1,050 47,900 950 22,000 625 750 125 450 100 350 75
65–75 105,300 1,300 77,700 1,175 27,600 650 2,750 225 1,950 225 850 125 200 75 150 75 50 25 8,350 475 7,150 425 1,200 175 3,850 250 2,200 200 1,650 200 89,100 1,150 65,550 1,025 23,600 600 1,050 150 750 125 300 75
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 134,300 625 77,850 850 56,400 650 7,900 300 4,250 250 3,700 200 250 75 100 50 150 50 41,700 875 26,900 825 14,800 375 6,000 225 2,650 175 3,350 175 75,550 675 42,550 550 33,000 500 2,850 200 1,400 150 1,450 150
6–10 143,200 800 82,050 800 61,150 750 7,800 300 4,400 250 3,400 150 350 75 200 50 150 50 43,300 725 26,750 625 16,550 500 6,200 225 3,000 175 3,200 175 82,700 750 46,350 650 36,350 525 2,850 225 1,400 175 1,450 150
11–15 116,050 775 70,150 825 45,950 575 5,500 225 3,250 175 2,250 150 250 50 150 50 100 50 31,150 650 20,550 575 10,600 400 4,750 225 2,150 175 2,600 175 72,700 725 43,200 650 29,500 475 1,750 175 900 125 850 125
16–20 112,850 875 70,800 800 42,100 625 4,850 250 2,900 225 2,000 175 250 75 150 50 100 50 28,600 850 20,200 725 8,400 425 4,050 250 1,950 175 2,100 200 73,900 825 45,000 725 28,900 500 1,200 150 600 125 600 100
21–25 99,600 750 67,050 750 32,500 575 3,600 200 2,500 175 1,100 125 100 50 S S 50 25 24,950 575 18,650 550 6,300 300 2,700 200 1,700 175 1,000 100 66,950 825 43,400 600 23,550 575 1,250 175 750 150 500 100
> 25 209,100 1,300 159,950 1,325 49,150 700 6,150 325 4,600 300 1,550 150 250 75 200 75 50 25 24,150 625 20,350 575 3,800 250 5,500 275 3,500 250 2,000 200 171,100 1,375 129,800 1,275 41,300 700 1,950 200 1,500 175 450 100
Citizenship status
U.S. citizen 699,550 1,750 446,900 1,625 252,650 1,100 30,200 425 17,800 400 12,400 325 1,400 125 800 100 550 100 112,600 1,250 77,050 1,050 35,550 750 25,450 425 12,250 350 13,200 375 518,700 1,750 332,850 1,500 185,850 1,075 11,250 400 6,200 350 5,050 275
Native-born 539,000 2,525 332,950 2,150 206,100 975 19,650 350 10,800 325 8,850 250 1,350 125 800 100 550 100 17,300 675 9,600 500 7,700 350 18,150 375 6,950 300 11,200 325 472,600 2,125 299,300 1,775 173,300 1,050 9,950 375 5,450 325 4,450 250
Naturalized 160,550 2,150 114,000 1,900 46,600 875 10,500 350 6,950 325 3,550 200 S S S S D D 95,300 1,400 67,450 1,200 27,850 650 7,300 275 5,250 250 2,050 175 46,100 1,075 33,550 1,000 12,550 425 1,300 150 750 125 600 100
Non-U.S. citizen 115,500 1,250 80,950 1,050 34,600 775 5,700 300 4,150 250 1,550 125 * * D D D D 81,250 950 56,350 875 24,900 575 3,750 225 2,700 200 1,050 150 24,150 800 17,350 650 6,800 350 600 125 350 75 300 100
Permanent resident 79,200 1,175 53,950 925 25,300 725 3,850 225 2,700 175 1,150 125 D D D D D D 54,500 1,000 36,300 800 18,150 575 2,600 200 1,900 175 650 125 17,850 650 12,700 575 5,100 325 500 100 300 75 200 75
Temporary resident 36,300 850 27,000 725 9,300 400 1,850 175 1,450 175 450 75 D D D D D D 26,800 675 20,050 600 6,750 325 1,150 175 800 125 350 100 6,350 425 4,650 350 1,700 200 150 75 50 25 S S
Employer location
New England 70,200 1,225 45,000 1,025 25,250 725 2,350 175 1,500 150 850 100 100 50 100 50 S S 16,150 625 11,000 525 5,150 350 1,300 150 750 125 550 100 49,450 1,025 31,250 800 18,200 625 850 125 400 75 450 100
Middle Atlantic 113,650 1,525 71,100 1,350 42,550 775 4,000 275 2,500 225 1,500 150 150 50 100 50 50 25 27,600 750 18,600 625 9,000 475 4,050 275 1,850 175 2,200 200 76,550 1,300 47,350 1,175 29,200 675 1,350 150 750 125 600 100
East North Central 98,450 1,450 64,750 1,325 33,700 725 3,200 200 2,050 175 1,200 125 150 50 100 50 50 25 21,050 650 15,300 575 5,750 350 3,400 275 1,700 200 1,700 200 69,450 1,300 44,900 1,125 24,550 700 1,150 150 700 125 450 75
West North Central 47,200 1,100 30,600 925 16,600 550 1,350 150 800 125 600 75 100 50 * * 50 50 8,800 475 5,950 450 2,850 250 1,100 150 600 100 500 100 35,100 925 22,800 750 12,300 500 750 150 450 125 350 100
South Atlantic 158,650 1,650 100,300 1,375 58,350 875 7,600 300 4,550 250 3,050 225 200 75 100 50 100 25 31,600 825 21,350 775 10,250 400 10,300 325 4,850 250 5,450 275 107,050 1,400 68,400 1,175 38,700 775 1,850 175 1,000 125 850 125
East South Central 27,350 825 18,050 650 9,300 450 1,000 150 650 125 350 100 S S D D * * 4,500 350 3,100 275 1,400 175 1,850 175 900 125 950 125 19,600 725 13,100 575 6,450 400 350 75 200 75 150 50
West South Central 65,550 1,150 44,350 1,050 21,150 650 4,150 250 2,550 200 1,600 125 200 50 150 50 S S 18,000 650 13,250 625 4,800 350 2,800 200 1,700 175 1,100 125 39,450 925 26,250 775 13,200 550 950 150 500 125 450 100
Mountain 53,950 1,050 35,350 900 18,550 575 2,400 175 1,400 150 950 100 250 75 150 50 100 50 7,700 450 4,900 400 2,850 275 1,100 175 650 150 400 100 41,700 900 27,800 775 13,900 475 850 125 450 100 350 100
Pacific 173,950 2,250 114,200 1,850 59,750 975 7,600 325 4,650 300 2,950 200 200 50 100 50 100 50 56,850 1,100 38,700 950 18,150 600 3,100 225 1,800 175 1,300 150 102,400 1,625 66,850 1,350 35,500 775 3,750 250 2,050 225 1,700 175
U.S. territories and other areas 6,100 400 4,150 350 2,000 200 2,200 225 1,250 175 950 100 D D D D D D 1,550 200 1,300 200 300 75 150 75 100 50 50 50 2,150 275 1,450 225 700 150 D D D D D D
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutiond 319,400 2,925 198,750 2,225 120,650 1,500 15,450 350 9,000 300 6,450 225 600 100 350 75 250 50 60,150 1,275 39,300 1,025 20,850 650 12,600 425 6,550 350 6,000 250 225,800 2,050 140,850 1,700 84,950 1,200 4,800 250 2,650 225 2,100 175
Other educational institutione 29,800 875 14,400 700 15,400 575 1,550 150 600 100 950 125 100 50 S S 50 25 3,200 325 1,400 200 1,850 250 2,450 250 1,250 175 1,200 125 22,000 750 10,950 625 11,050 500 450 100 200 75 250 75
Private, for profitf 288,950 2,775 211,000 2,150 77,950 1,250 10,850 400 7,750 350 3,100 200 300 75 200 75 100 50 99,750 1,550 73,550 1,175 26,200 850 7,300 350 4,150 250 3,200 275 167,050 1,675 122,950 1,525 44,100 825 3,650 275 2,400 225 1,250 150
Private, nonprofit 55,150 1,175 30,500 850 24,600 700 2,500 225 1,450 200 1,050 125 100 50 S S S S 10,350 525 5,950 400 4,400 325 2,050 200 800 150 1,250 150 39,050 950 21,850 700 17,200 600 1,050 150 400 100 650 125
Federal government 51,950 1,075 33,600 825 18,400 625 2,550 225 1,550 175 1,000 125 100 50 50 25 50 25 8,700 450 5,600 400 3,100 250 2,150 175 950 125 1,200 150 37,550 850 25,050 650 12,500 525 950 125 400 100 550 100
State or local government 17,550 575 10,100 525 7,450 375 800 125 400 100 450 75 D D D D D D 3,900 275 2,650 275 1,300 175 1,200 175 550 100 650 100 11,300 450 6,350 425 4,950 300 250 75 100 50 150 50
Self-employedg 44,650 1,100 24,600 825 20,000 675 1,450 175 650 125 800 150 100 50 50 50 D D 5,000 425 3,350 375 1,650 225 900 125 400 100 500 100 36,550 925 19,800 700 16,750 600 650 125 350 100 300 100
Other sectorh 7,650 375 4,950 325 2,700 225 750 125 550 125 200 50 S S D D D D 2,750 275 1,650 225 1,100 150 500 125 250 100 250 75 3,600 250 2,450 200 1,100 150 50 50 * * 50 25
Primary or secondary work activityi
Any R&D 512,550 2,425 353,150 2,000 159,400 1,300 22,600 400 14,900 350 7,700 275 800 100 550 75 250 50 143,400 1,200 101,050 1,075 42,400 700 15,000 350 8,200 300 6,800 300 323,650 2,175 224,300 1,750 99,350 1,075 7,100 350 4,150 300 2,950 200
Applied research 283,500 2,100 190,550 1,750 92,950 1,050 13,200 375 8,550 325 4,650 225 450 75 300 75 150 50 75,550 1,150 52,100 1,025 23,450 575 8,400 275 4,500 225 3,850 200 181,950 1,700 122,800 1,400 59,150 925 3,950 250 2,250 200 1,700 175
Basic research 173,150 1,750 117,600 1,575 55,550 1,000 8,050 275 5,100 250 2,950 150 250 50 150 50 100 25 43,400 925 29,200 800 14,200 550 5,100 250 2,900 200 2,150 175 113,950 1,400 78,800 1,275 35,150 775 2,400 200 1,450 175 950 100
Design 58,150 1,075 46,100 1,000 12,050 400 2,250 200 1,800 200 500 75 100 50 100 50 D D 21,900 675 16,950 625 4,950 300 1,350 150 900 100 500 100 31,900 825 26,050 800 5,850 325 650 125 350 100 250 75
Development 131,500 1,875 98,000 1,575 33,550 850 5,300 300 3,850 250 1,450 150 150 50 100 50 * * 50,850 1,025 38,500 950 12,350 525 3,450 250 1,800 175 1,600 200 70,250 1,400 52,650 1,200 17,550 575 1,600 175 1,000 150 600 100
Computer applications 80,200 1,325 66,150 1,200 14,050 525 2,450 200 2,150 200 300 50 50 50 S S D D 33,100 850 25,650 750 7,450 400 1,200 150 950 125 250 75 42,450 950 36,600 925 5,800 325 900 125 700 125 200 50
Management, sales, or administrationj 320,500 2,300 198,350 1,900 122,150 1,225 13,200 350 7,650 300 5,550 225 600 100 300 75 300 75 60,750 975 40,200 925 20,600 600 12,300 350 5,600 300 6,700 275 228,450 2,100 141,900 1,700 86,550 1,125 5,150 300 2,700 250 2,450 200
Professional services 122,600 1,550 64,700 1,450 57,950 875 5,700 300 2,850 225 2,850 225 300 75 100 50 200 75 17,100 700 9,900 550 7,200 400 4,950 275 1,850 175 3,050 225 92,500 1,375 48,900 1,300 43,600 825 2,050 225 1,000 175 1,050 150
Teaching 230,400 2,350 137,900 1,725 92,500 1,225 11,500 400 6,550 300 4,950 225 450 75 250 75 200 50 33,050 875 20,750 750 12,300 500 11,150 350 5,900 300 5,250 250 170,700 1,800 102,550 1,450 68,100 1,025 3,550 250 1,900 200 1,700 175
Other work activitiesk 66,400 1,200 37,650 1,050 28,750 700 3,350 250 1,600 150 1,700 175 100 50 100 50 * * 13,650 600 8,850 500 4,800 350 2,800 200 1,600 175 1,250 125 45,300 950 24,900 900 20,400 500 1,200 175 600 125 550 100
Federal support
Receiving support 219,300 2,075 145,600 1,750 73,700 1,000 9,100 300 5,400 250 3,700 200 400 75 250 75 150 50 44,050 925 29,950 825 14,100 450 6,850 275 3,450 225 3,400 200 155,300 1,650 104,550 1,300 50,800 875 3,550 275 2,000 250 1,550 150
Not receiving support 594,650 2,425 381,550 2,075 213,100 1,325 26,650 450 16,400 425 10,250 325 1,050 125 600 100 450 75 149,500 1,500 103,200 1,300 46,250 825 22,250 400 11,400 350 10,850 350 386,900 1,875 245,350 1,700 141,550 1,175 8,300 375 4,550 275 3,750 250
Degree-job relationship
Closely related 530,150 2,350 338,250 2,125 191,900 1,375 24,150 475 14,650 400 9,500 325 950 100 500 100 400 75 120,950 1,225 83,650 1,150 37,300 700 19,700 450 10,100 350 9,600 325 356,900 1,975 225,250 1,725 131,650 1,225 7,500 350 4,050 300 3,450 225
Somewhat related 218,550 2,125 145,550 1,850 73,000 925 9,150 350 5,650 325 3,550 175 400 75 250 75 100 50 55,700 1,200 38,100 1,025 17,550 550 6,700 300 3,400 250 3,300 200 143,200 1,700 96,100 1,425 47,100 850 3,450 250 2,100 200 1,350 150
Not related 66,350 1,200 44,050 975 22,350 700 2,550 200 1,600 175 950 125 100 50 50 50 50 25 17,200 750 11,600 600 5,600 400 2,750 200 1,400 150 1,350 150 42,800 950 28,900 775 13,900 500 950 150 400 100 550 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
d Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
e Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
f Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
h Includes employers not broken out separately.
i Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses.
j Administration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
k Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activities not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.