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Table 28-1. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary or secondary work activity: 2017

Characteristic All employed Research and development Computer applications Management, sales, or administrationa Professional services Teaching Otherb
Any R&D Applied research Basic research Design Development
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 815,100 1,400 512,550 2,425 283,500 2,100 173,150 1,750 58,150 1,075 131,500 1,875 80,200 1,325 320,500 2,300 122,600 1,550 230,400 2,350 66,400 1,200
Sex
Male 527,850 1,425 353,150 2,000 190,550 1,750 117,600 1,575 46,100 1,000 98,000 1,575 66,150 1,200 198,350 1,900 64,700 1,450 137,900 1,725 37,650 1,050
Female 287,250 1,050 159,400 1,300 92,950 1,050 55,550 1,000 12,050 400 33,550 850 14,050 525 122,150 1,225 57,950 875 92,500 1,225 28,750 700
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latinoc 35,900 450 22,600 400 13,200 375 8,050 275 2,250 200 5,300 300 2,450 200 13,200 350 5,700 300 11,500 400 3,350 250
Not Hispanic or Latinod
American Indian or Alaska Native 1,400 125 800 100 450 75 250 50 100 50 150 50 50 50 600 100 300 75 450 75 100 50
Asian 193,850 1,125 143,400 1,200 75,550 1,150 43,400 925 21,900 675 50,850 1,025 33,100 850 60,750 975 17,100 700 33,050 875 13,650 600
Black or African American 29,200 375 15,000 350 8,400 275 5,100 250 1,350 150 3,450 250 1,200 150 12,300 350 4,950 275 11,150 350 2,800 200
White 542,850 1,500 323,650 2,175 181,950 1,700 113,950 1,400 31,900 825 70,250 1,400 42,450 950 228,450 2,100 92,500 1,375 170,700 1,800 45,300 950
Other racee 11,900 425 7,100 350 3,950 250 2,400 200 650 125 1,600 175 900 125 5,150 300 2,050 225 3,550 250 1,200 175
Age
Under 35 90,850 1,000 70,050 925 40,000 675 27,100 700 8,300 400 19,050 575 15,350 550 25,100 750 8,250 350 18,650 550 6,950 375
35–39 115,700 1,225 83,950 1,250 46,900 900 32,250 725 8,550 500 20,250 725 14,150 550 39,000 825 12,600 525 30,150 750 9,000 450
40–44 107,600 1,150 71,500 1,125 39,350 850 24,350 675 8,200 500 17,800 650 11,000 475 42,150 900 13,900 525 30,400 750 7,950 450
45–49 106,750 1,250 66,650 1,150 35,750 875 20,800 725 7,750 500 17,850 700 10,550 625 46,700 1,025 14,400 575 30,350 750 9,200 475
50–54 102,650 1,425 62,700 1,175 33,850 900 18,000 600 7,600 425 18,050 675 9,300 525 45,200 1,150 15,350 575 28,950 800 8,750 400
55–59 97,100 1,375 56,900 1,100 30,100 875 17,000 575 7,600 500 15,400 650 7,750 450 43,500 875 15,200 700 29,650 725 7,600 400
60–64 89,100 1,250 49,100 875 27,950 675 15,550 625 5,300 375 12,000 525 6,100 375 39,150 975 15,900 650 27,850 900 7,700 400
65–75 105,300 1,300 51,700 1,075 29,550 800 18,000 675 4,900 350 11,100 525 6,000 400 39,650 925 27,000 775 34,350 975 9,300 475
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 134,300 625 99,900 850 58,200 725 38,300 800 11,000 475 25,600 675 20,150 600 37,600 825 12,800 500 33,350 675 10,650 425
6–10 143,200 800 97,600 900 54,350 850 34,150 700 11,200 475 24,550 725 16,900 575 50,400 900 17,850 500 40,500 725 11,350 475
11–15 116,050 775 73,600 925 40,750 775 24,200 825 8,750 475 17,300 650 10,050 475 47,300 1,000 16,550 600 35,100 750 9,550 450
16–20 112,850 875 66,450 1,050 35,600 825 19,700 725 7,400 400 19,350 675 11,400 625 51,450 925 17,600 600 30,750 825 9,850 475
21–25 99,600 750 58,800 850 31,300 875 17,000 625 7,250 375 16,850 650 8,350 475 44,250 850 16,350 575 28,850 775 8,050 350
> 25 209,100 1,300 116,150 1,400 63,250 1,125 39,800 950 12,600 550 27,850 875 13,350 625 89,500 1,250 41,450 850 61,850 1,350 16,900 600
Citizenship
U.S. citizen 699,550 1,750 420,350 2,400 233,700 2,125 141,050 1,625 45,000 1,025 102,500 1,650 59,200 1,200 293,000 2,350 115,100 1,475 206,500 2,325 59,000 1,100
Native-born 539,000 2,525 312,800 2,575 177,350 1,875 109,950 1,475 28,450 725 67,850 1,375 37,800 900 230,300 2,450 97,950 1,300 170,700 1,925 46,750 975
Naturalized 160,550 2,150 107,550 1,300 56,350 1,050 31,100 775 16,550 725 34,650 975 21,400 825 62,700 1,425 17,150 675 35,800 950 12,250 550
Non-U.S. citizen 115,500 1,250 92,150 1,250 49,750 775 32,100 700 13,150 575 29,050 750 21,000 625 27,500 675 7,500 450 23,900 675 7,400 450
Permanent resident 79,200 1,175 62,050 1,100 32,700 725 20,750 600 8,550 475 20,450 650 13,150 525 20,500 550 5,550 375 17,600 600 5,350 375
Temporary resident 36,300 850 30,100 775 17,100 475 11,350 475 4,650 375 8,600 475 7,850 425 7,000 425 1,950 225 6,300 375 2,050 250
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutionf 319,400 2,925 217,550 2,550 111,100 1,650 126,200 1,800 5,500 350 12,100 525 11,950 550 95,650 1,775 19,750 625 185,600 2,325 23,350 750
Other educational institutiong 29,800 875 5,950 400 2,500 225 2,000 250 450 100 1,400 200 950 150 9,650 475 3,600 325 22,150 725 3,750 300
Private, for profith 288,950 2,775 190,700 2,075 103,200 1,550 16,350 650 41,300 1,050 96,500 1,475 52,350 1,125 132,050 1,775 46,200 1,100 9,550 475 21,700 725
Private, nonprofit 55,150 1,175 32,150 875 21,400 700 10,550 475 3,750 325 5,450 350 4,700 350 28,650 850 14,150 700 5,100 350 4,350 300
Federal government 51,950 1,075 36,350 825 26,850 675 11,800 475 3,350 275 7,000 425 4,900 325 24,750 750 7,400 500 2,150 275 5,900 375
State or local government 17,550 575 8,900 425 6,100 325 2,050 200 1,150 150 1,700 225 1,900 200 9,600 450 4,150 350 1,250 175 2,500 250
Self-employedi 44,650 1,100 15,550 625 8,550 450 2,950 325 2,250 250 5,500 400 2,300 250 17,150 725 26,050 850 4,300 300 4,100 300
Other sectorj 7,650 375 5,350 350 3,750 275 1,200 175 450 100 1,900 225 1,100 175 3,000 250 1,350 200 300 100 700 150
Employer location
New England 70,200 1,225 46,000 1,125 25,600 725 16,450 650 4,550 350 11,050 575 7,450 425 28,150 775 10,550 450 18,700 700 4,950 350
Middle Atlantic 113,650 1,525 69,650 1,150 37,950 925 25,650 775 6,950 450 16,250 650 9,800 475 44,100 1,100 19,950 650 35,100 875 8,550 400
East North Central 98,450 1,450 60,100 1,275 32,350 850 23,050 900 5,850 400 14,150 575 7,300 475 38,550 925 13,750 625 33,950 1,000 7,850 400
West North Central 47,200 1,100 29,600 925 16,500 700 11,200 500 2,650 275 5,950 375 3,500 325 17,600 625 7,050 450 17,250 600 3,750 300
South Atlantic 158,650 1,650 99,450 1,325 59,300 1,000 33,550 700 9,350 425 22,400 775 13,950 550 66,750 1,175 23,300 725 41,650 1,075 14,300 600
East South Central 27,350 825 16,850 625 9,600 450 7,450 425 1,350 200 3,000 275 1,750 225 9,600 500 3,750 325 10,950 525 2,450 200
West South Central 65,550 1,150 40,450 875 22,250 625 13,750 525 5,250 350 9,450 450 5,700 350 24,850 700 10,000 500 20,950 600 5,200 325
Mountain 53,950 1,050 33,950 850 18,600 575 11,300 475 4,000 275 9,000 525 4,850 325 20,450 650 7,900 450 15,700 575 4,900 350
Pacific 173,950 2,250 112,750 1,700 59,350 1,150 29,500 825 17,750 675 39,650 1,125 25,550 825 67,950 1,200 25,400 875 33,850 875 14,050 450
U.S. territories and other areas 6,100 400 3,700 300 1,950 200 1,300 175 350 100 700 150 300 100 2,500 250 1,000 175 2,350 225 500 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Adminstration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
b Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activiites not broken out separately.
c Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
d American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
e Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
f Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
g Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
h Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
i Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
j Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by the respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.