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Table 28-2. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by selected demographic and employment-related characteristics and primary work activity: 2017

Characteristic All employed Research and development Total Computer applications Management, sales, or administrationa Professional services Teaching Otherb
Any R&D Applied research Basic research Design Development
Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE Number SE
Doctorate recipient 815,100 1,400 338,500 2,150 159,200 1,850 90,250 1,225 23,500 725 65,550 1,225 476,600 2,375 39,700 1,050 153,550 1,625 97,450 1,500 153,450 1,725 32,450 900
Sex
Male 527,850 1,425 237,550 1,900 107,400 1,500 61,550 1,125 19,250 675 49,350 1,150 290,300 2,000 33,000 975 99,050 1,250 49,750 1,350 89,150 1,375 19,300 750
Female 287,250 1,050 100,950 1,075 51,800 825 28,750 775 4,200 250 16,200 575 186,300 1,375 6,700 400 54,450 975 47,700 875 64,300 1,025 13,150 525
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latinoc 35,900 450 14,200 400 7,200 275 3,950 225 850 125 2,200 200 21,700 475 1,250 150 6,700 275 4,450 275 7,800 350 1,550 175
Not Hispanic or Latinod
American Indian or Alaska Native 1,400 125 500 75 300 75 150 50 * * 50 25 950 125 D D 250 75 250 75 300 50 100 50
Asian 193,850 1,125 105,350 1,225 40,400 1,000 27,200 675 9,850 500 27,900 750 88,500 1,450 17,850 675 30,400 825 13,300 675 19,150 650 7,800 500
Black or African American 29,200 375 8,500 300 4,400 225 1,800 175 450 75 1,850 200 20,700 400 550 100 6,800 300 3,700 275 8,200 325 1,400 150
White 542,850 1,500 205,450 1,775 104,600 1,400 55,950 975 12,050 550 32,900 900 337,400 1,925 19,650 650 106,750 1,275 74,100 1,300 115,750 1,525 21,200 725
Other racee 11,900 425 4,550 300 2,350 200 1,250 175 250 100 650 125 7,350 350 350 100 2,650 225 1,650 225 2,200 200 500 100
Age
Under 35 90,850 1,000 53,150 900 23,100 600 16,800 575 3,250 250 9,950 475 37,700 825 7,250 425 8,400 450 7,000 350 11,400 375 3,650 300
35–39 115,700 1,225 59,800 1,125 27,750 750 18,100 575 3,500 325 10,450 500 55,900 900 6,750 425 15,800 500 9,600 475 19,600 600 4,150 325
40–44 107,600 1,150 49,200 1,000 22,650 650 13,300 525 3,650 350 9,600 525 58,400 925 4,850 300 19,850 650 10,700 475 19,250 600 3,700 300
45–49 106,750 1,250 42,100 900 20,000 700 10,250 375 2,450 250 9,350 500 64,700 1,175 5,900 450 22,850 750 10,950 525 20,600 600 4,350 350
50–54 102,650 1,425 38,000 950 18,150 650 8,300 450 2,850 300 8,700 475 64,650 1,225 5,300 425 24,400 800 12,000 500 19,150 675 3,800 300
55–59 97,100 1,375 33,950 800 16,150 600 7,650 400 3,250 300 6,900 400 63,150 1,125 4,250 325 22,800 650 11,950 625 20,450 625 3,650 300
60–64 89,100 1,250 30,700 750 15,350 550 7,350 425 2,300 275 5,750 425 58,450 1,100 2,800 275 20,300 700 12,600 550 19,050 700 3,700 250
65–75 105,300 1,300 31,650 750 16,050 550 8,500 450 2,250 275 4,800 350 73,650 1,175 2,650 250 19,100 625 22,600 725 23,950 800 5,450 425
Years since doctorate
≤ 5 134,300 625 73,400 950 33,200 650 22,350 650 4,200 300 13,600 525 60,900 875 9,200 475 13,350 475 10,450 450 22,750 600 5,200 325
6–10 143,200 800 66,750 800 31,350 700 18,350 550 4,700 325 12,350 525 76,450 875 8,450 400 22,100 675 13,500 500 27,100 625 5,250 325
11–15 116,050 775 47,650 850 22,750 650 12,250 525 3,500 300 9,100 475 68,400 925 4,650 350 23,150 650 12,550 550 23,350 625 4,700 325
16–20 112,850 875 42,050 825 19,900 625 9,500 450 2,800 250 9,850 475 70,800 925 6,800 475 25,000 725 13,400 500 21,100 650 4,600 350
21–25 99,600 750 35,300 875 17,350 650 7,600 500 2,850 275 7,450 400 64,300 1,075 4,500 400 23,850 650 13,200 575 19,000 650 3,750 250
> 25 209,100 1,300 73,350 1,150 34,700 875 20,150 650 5,350 425 13,100 625 135,750 1,200 6,150 375 46,150 800 34,350 850 40,200 950 8,950 475
Citizenship
U.S. citizen 699,550 1,750 269,200 2,075 132,800 1,725 69,900 1,050 17,550 650 48,950 1,050 430,400 2,275 28,800 900 141,950 1,625 91,800 1,400 139,400 1,725 28,500 875
Native-born 539,000 2,525 195,950 1,950 101,800 1,450 52,950 1,000 10,100 450 31,150 800 343,050 2,125 16,900 600 107,650 1,475 78,550 1,300 118,250 1,575 21,650 725
Naturalized 160,550 2,150 73,200 1,075 31,000 825 16,950 575 7,450 425 17,800 600 87,350 2,025 11,900 625 34,250 1,150 13,250 600 21,150 725 6,800 500
Non-U.S. citizen 115,500 1,250 69,300 1,050 26,400 650 20,350 600 5,950 350 16,600 675 46,200 950 10,950 500 11,600 500 5,650 425 14,050 525 3,950 350
Permanent resident 79,200 1,175 45,700 925 17,200 625 12,850 525 3,850 300 11,800 550 33,550 775 7,250 425 9,000 450 4,200 350 10,300 400 2,850 275
Temporary resident 36,300 850 23,650 725 9,200 350 7,500 400 2,100 250 4,800 375 12,650 575 3,700 300 2,600 300 1,500 225 3,750 325 1,150 200
Sector of employment
4-year educational institutionf 319,400 2,925 131,650 1,775 56,150 1,225 70,050 1,175 1,450 200 4,050 325 187,750 2,125 3,050 275 39,600 1,125 12,500 525 124,750 1,725 7,800 425
Other educational institutiong 29,800 875 1,600 175 1,000 150 250 75 D D 300 100 28,200 850 250 100 3,650 300 2,600 250 20,650 725 1,100 150
Private, for profith 288,950 2,775 135,700 1,850 60,200 1,225 5,550 350 18,550 650 51,400 1,075 153,250 2,275 30,150 900 69,650 1,325 37,600 1,025 3,500 300 12,400 575
Private, nonprofit 55,150 1,175 23,550 725 13,850 550 6,050 375 1,050 175 2,600 225 31,550 975 1,800 225 14,250 525 11,150 650 1,800 225 2,550 250
Federal government 51,950 1,075 27,300 675 17,650 575 5,900 350 850 150 2,900 300 24,700 825 1,750 175 13,350 550 5,600 450 450 100 3,550 275
State or local government 17,550 575 5,800 350 3,600 275 1,050 175 400 100 750 150 11,750 575 1,050 200 5,450 350 3,150 300 450 100 1,700 200
Self-employedi 44,650 1,100 8,950 475 4,650 350 900 175 900 150 2,500 300 35,700 950 1,200 175 5,950 350 23,800 800 1,800 200 3,000 275
Other sectorj 7,650 375 3,950 275 2,150 225 500 100 200 100 1,100 150 3,700 250 450 125 1,650 200 1,050 175 100 50 400 100
Employer location
New England 70,200 1,225 30,700 925 15,050 575 8,900 525 1,600 225 5,100 425 39,550 825 3,750 300 12,550 525 8,400 400 12,500 475 2,300 225
Middle Atlantic 113,650 1,525 44,950 875 20,650 700 13,300 575 2,900 275 8,100 425 68,750 1,250 4,700 350 20,650 700 16,100 625 23,350 700 3,900 300
East North Central 98,450 1,450 39,700 950 18,850 625 11,250 600 2,250 250 7,350 425 58,750 1,125 3,550 350 18,450 625 11,100 550 22,250 775 3,300 300
West North Central 47,200 1,100 18,450 725 8,950 500 5,550 350 1,000 175 2,950 275 28,750 775 1,600 200 8,000 425 5,350 350 12,200 525 1,600 175
South Atlantic 158,650 1,650 65,700 1,125 34,100 850 17,200 550 3,850 275 10,500 500 92,950 1,275 6,600 450 33,400 825 17,800 650 27,800 825 7,350 450
East South Central 27,350 825 10,800 500 4,900 325 3,950 300 750 175 1,250 200 16,550 700 500 125 4,350 350 2,900 300 7,550 425 1,250 150
West South Central 65,550 1,150 26,350 675 12,200 450 7,100 375 2,900 275 4,150 325 39,200 950 3,150 300 12,100 525 8,000 450 13,350 500 2,650 250
Mountain 53,950 1,050 22,850 675 10,700 425 5,900 375 1,550 200 4,750 400 31,050 825 2,450 250 9,850 400 6,450 400 9,950 425 2,350 250
Pacific 173,950 2,250 76,900 1,425 32,900 875 16,450 625 6,450 425 21,050 800 97,050 1,525 13,300 575 32,800 750 20,550 750 22,850 775 7,550 375
U.S. territories and other areas 6,100 400 2,100 250 950 150 700 125 150 75 300 125 4,000 300 100 50 1,400 175 750 150 1,600 175 150 75
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Adminstration includes accounting, finance, contracts, and human resources.
b Includes production, operations, maintenance, and other activiites not broken out separately.
c Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.
d American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
e Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
f Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
g Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
h Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
i Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
j Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to the nearest 50. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest 25. Detail may exceed total due to multiple responses. Primary and secondary work activities were self-defined by the respondent in response to the question: "On which two activities...did you work the most hours during a typical week on this job?" Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.