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Table 43. U.S. residing employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad occupation, and sex: 2017

Employment sector and occupation All employed Male Female
Number SE Number SE Number SE
All sectors 815,100 1,400 527,850 1,425 287,250 1,050
Science occupations 460,750 2,150 289,500 1,725 171,250 1,350
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 144,550 1,425 85,400 1,125 59,150 825
Computer/information scientists 54,750 1,125 45,450 975 9,300 375
Mathematical scientists 38,350 900 27,600 775 10,750 400
Physical scientists 83,300 1,075 63,950 1,000 19,350 525
Psychologists 74,150 875 30,150 800 44,050 800
Social scientists 65,600 950 36,950 775 28,650 625
Engineering occupations 107,900 1,250 90,950 1,125 16,950 500
S&E-related occupations 97,650 1,375 56,600 1,100 41,050 850
Non-S&E occupations 148,800 1,775 90,800 1,375 57,950 1,000
4-year educational institutiona 319,400 2,925 198,750 2,225 120,650 1,500
Science occupations 214,200 2,275 134,800 1,725 79,350 1,300
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 73,600 1,250 44,750 975 28,850 700
Computer/information scientists 11,200 500 9,100 475 2,100 175
Mathematical scientists 19,700 600 14,400 500 5,350 300
Physical scientists 39,150 950 29,400 800 9,750 375
Psychologists 24,300 725 10,800 575 13,500 500
Social scientists 46,150 900 26,400 750 19,800 575
Engineering occupations 31,100 975 25,700 900 5,400 300
S&E-related occupations 33,050 800 15,150 600 17,950 525
Non-S&E occupations 41,100 825 23,100 700 18,000 525
Other educational institutionb 29,800 875 14,400 700 15,400 575
Science occupations 17,400 650 8,800 500 8,600 450
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 3,900 325 1,700 200 2,250 200
Computer/information scientists 550 100 400 100 100 50
Mathematical scientists 1,850 275 1,150 200 700 150
Physical scientists 4,200 300 2,750 275 1,450 150
Psychologists 4,150 325 1,300 200 2,850 250
Social scientists 2,750 275 1,550 250 1,200 150
Engineering occupations 300 75 250 75 50 50
S&E-related occupations 6,000 350 3,050 275 2,950 275
Non-S&E occupations 6,100 375 2,300 275 3,800 250
Private, for profitc 288,950 2,775 211,000 2,150 77,950 1,250
Science occupations 128,450 1,725 88,950 1,350 39,550 775
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 36,550 800 21,750 650 14,850 500
Computer/information scientists 37,050 925 31,200 800 5,850 325
Mathematical scientists 11,550 550 8,450 500 3,100 250
Physical scientists 23,900 675 19,100 625 4,800 300
Psychologists 14,800 575 6,050 450 8,800 450
Social scientists 4,600 325 2,400 250 2,200 225
Engineering occupations 61,000 1,050 52,200 975 8,800 375
S&E-related occupations 34,100 950 24,250 800 9,850 450
Non-S&E occupations 65,400 1,350 45,550 1,100 19,800 700
Private, nonprofit 55,150 1,175 30,500 850 24,600 700
Science occupations 27,900 800 15,150 600 12,750 500
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 10,250 475 5,400 350 4,850 300
Computer/information scientists 1,950 275 1,400 200 550 125
Mathematical scientists 1,900 225 1,350 200 550 100
Physical scientists 3,750 275 2,950 275 800 125
Psychologists 6,000 450 2,100 275 3,900 350
Social scientists 4,100 300 1,950 250 2,150 200
Engineering occupations 3,500 300 2,750 275 700 125
S&E-related occupations 10,450 475 5,750 350 4,700 375
Non-S&E occupations 13,300 525 6,900 400 6,450 350
Federal government 51,950 1,075 33,600 825 18,400 625
Science occupations 33,600 800 21,100 600 12,500 525
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 13,250 500 7,600 375 5,700 325
Computer/information scientists 1,650 200 1,400 175 250 75
Mathematical scientists 2,000 200 1,300 175 750 125
Physical scientists 8,400 375 6,750 350 1,650 125
Psychologists 4,550 375 1,850 250 2,700 300
Social scientists 3,750 275 2,200 250 1,550 175
Engineering occupations 6,800 425 5,700 375 1,150 150
S&E-related occupations 6,500 350 4,000 325 2,500 200
Non-S&E occupations 5,050 400 2,800 300 2,250 225
State or local government 17,550 575 10,100 525 7,450 375
Science occupations 9,800 450 5,350 350 4,450 275
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 3,100 250 1,750 200 1,400 150
Computer/information scientists 850 150 650 150 150 75
Mathematical scientists 350 100 200 75 100 50
Physical scientists 1,450 175 950 150 550 75
Psychologists 2,700 275 1,100 200 1,600 225
Social scientists 1,400 200 700 150 700 125
Engineering occupations 1,750 250 1,400 225 350 100
S&E-related occupations 2,850 250 1,650 200 1,200 175
Non-S&E occupations 3,150 250 1,700 175 1,450 200
Self-employedd 44,650 1,100 24,600 825 20,000 675
Science occupations 25,200 825 12,600 625 12,600 575
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 3,150 325 2,300 300 900 125
Computer/information scientists 1,100 150 950 150 150 75
Mathematical scientists 650 125 500 125 150 75
Physical scientists 1,600 225 1,400 200 200 75
Psychologists 17,300 650 6,700 450 10,600 550
Social scientists 1,350 200 800 150 550 100
Engineering occupations 2,150 225 1,950 225 200 75
S&E-related occupations 3,750 325 2,250 275 1,500 200
Non-S&E occupations 13,600 525 7,850 400 5,750 325
Other sectore 7,650 375 4,950 325 2,700 225
Science occupations 4,150 300 2,700 225 1,450 175
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists 650 125 200 75 400 100
Computer/information scientists 450 100 350 100 100 50
Mathematical scientists 350 100 300 100 50 50
Physical scientists 850 125 650 125 200 75
Psychologists 350 100 200 100 100 50
Social scientists 1,500 175 1,000 150 500 100
Engineering occupations 1,350 175 1,000 175 300 75
S&E-related occupations 1,000 175 500 125 450 100
Non-S&E occupations 1,200 150 650 125 500 100
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
S&E = science and engineering; SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Numbers are rounded to nearest 50. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Standard errors are rounded up to nearest 25. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.