Table 51. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and citizenship status: 2017
(Dollars)
Field of study
All full-time employed
U.S. citizen
Non-U.S. citizen
Total
Native born
Naturalized
Total
Permanent resident
Temporary resident
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
All fields
110,000
500
112,000
500
108,000
500
129,000
2,000
100,000
500
101,000
3,000
90,000
1,500
Science
104,000
1,000
106,000
1,000
103,000
1,000
120,000
500
90,000
500
95,000
1,500
80,000
3,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences
100,000
500
105,000
500
101,000
1,500
120,000
1,500
77,000
2,500
84,000
2,000
54,000
1,500
Agricultural and food sciences
106,000
3,000
110,000
1,500
109,000
2,500
114,000
5,500
79,000
1,500
83,000
6,500
71,000
13,000
Biochemistry and biophysics
109,000
2,000
115,000
4,500
109,000
2,000
129,000
5,000
75,000
7,500
86,000
5,500
53,000
4,500
Cell, cellular biology, and molecular biology
101,000
2,500
109,000
3,500
105,000
4,500
120,000
6,000
67,000
7,000
77,000
9,000
48,000
1,000
Microbiological sciences and immunology
105,000
3,000
108,000
3,500
105,000
2,500
117,000
7,000
67,000
8,500
82,000
11,500
53,000
2,000
Natural resources and conservation
91,000
3,000
94,000
3,000
90,000
3,000
116,000
12,500
78,000
5,000
78,000
4,500
70,000
13,000
Zoology
98,000
3,000
98,000
3,000
97,000
3,000
99,000
13,000
90,000
11,000
101,000
23,000
D
D
Other biological sciences
100,000
500
101,000
2,500
100,000
1,000
119,000
4,500
80,000
4,000
85,000
4,000
60,000
4,500
Computer and information sciences
139,000
4,000
140,000
1,500
132,000
4,000
149,000
2,500
129,000
3,500
139,000
8,000
118,000
10,000
Mathematics and statistics
108,000
3,500
110,000
1,500
103,000
3,000
120,000
5,500
100,000
4,000
99,000
4,500
100,000
5,500
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
114,000
2,500
120,000
2,000
115,000
1,500
129,000
2,500
90,000
1,500
97,000
3,000
75,000
3,500
Astronomy and astrophysics
104,000
6,000
107,000
5,000
103,000
6,000
132,000
13,000
76,000
17,000
91,000
14,500
62,000
19,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry
110,000
2,000
116,000
2,500
115,000
2,000
122,000
4,500
89,000
3,500
93,000
3,500
72,000
8,000
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
102,000
3,000
106,000
2,500
104,000
2,500
113,000
7,000
84,000
4,000
90,000
3,000
69,000
4,500
Physics
121,000
2,500
129,000
1,500
124,000
3,000
139,000
5,000
99,000
6,500
100,000
4,000
77,000
2,500
Psychology
98,000
1,500
98,000
2,000
99,000
2,000
93,000
4,500
75,000
7,500
79,000
5,500
62,000
8,500
Social sciences
99,000
1,500
100,000
1,500
99,000
1,500
101,000
3,500
94,000
4,000
90,000
3,000
108,000
9,500
Economics
135,000
5,000
137,000
5,000
134,000
6,000
142,000
8,000
126,000
7,500
128,000
10,500
124,000
8,000
Political science and government
95,000
2,000
98,000
3,500
100,000
2,500
90,000
2,000
73,000
3,000
73,000
2,500
66,000
20,000
Sociology, demography, and population studies
87,000
3,000
87,000
3,000
88,000
3,000
85,000
4,500
70,000
9,500
70,000
11,500
69,000
17,000
Other social sciences
85,000
1,000
86,000
2,500
85,000
1,000
92,000
3,500
71,000
3,000
74,000
4,000
64,000
4,000
Engineering
129,000
1,500
134,000
2,000
130,000
500
140,000
500
113,000
3,000
119,000
500
100,000
2,500
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
