Table 54. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by field of doctorate and sector of employment: 2017
(Dollars)
Field of study
All full-time employed
4-year educational institutiona
Other educational institutionb
Private, for profitc
Private, nonprofit
Federal government
State or local government
Self-employedd
Othere
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
Median salary
SE
All fields
110,000
500
90,000
500
71,000
1,000
137,000
2,000
114,000
2,000
120,000
500
90,000
1,000
99,000
500
124,000
4,500
Science
104,000
1,000
88,000
1,000
71,000
1,000
135,000
1,000
109,000
500
118,000
2,000
86,000
3,000
100,000
2,000
124,000
4,500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences
100,000
500
84,000
1,500
69,000
1,000
130,000
1,000
105,000
4,000
110,000
3,000
79,000
2,500
99,000
9,500
89,000
8,000
Agricultural and food sciences
106,000
3,000
94,000
3,000
88,000
20,000
125,000
2,500
100,000
9,500
115,000
3,000
79,000
11,000
89,000
16,500
65,000
18,000
Biochemistry and biophysics
109,000
2,000
82,000
5,500
57,000
5,500
129,000
3,500
131,000
25,000
114,000
7,000
108,000
7,500
68,000
17,500
D
D
Cell, cellular biology, and molecular biology
101,000
2,500
82,000
3,500
70,000
4,000
132,000
5,000
102,000
7,500
120,000
4,500
60,000
14,500
S
S
D
D
Microbiological sciences and immunology
105,000
3,000
80,000
2,500
75,000
9,000
132,000
5,500
109,000
4,500
109,000
1,500
80,000
11,000
S
S
D
D
Natural resources and conservation
91,000
3,000
82,000
2,500
70,000
10,000
117,000
5,500
105,000
10,500
109,000
4,000
71,000
3,500
47,000
5,500
121,000
10,000
Zoology
98,000
3,000
89,000
2,500
70,000
15,500
130,000
13,500
102,000
17,000
100,000
7,000
73,000
9,000
S
S
D
D
Other biological sciences
100,000
500
82,000
2,000
67,000
3,500
135,000
4,000
100,000
3,000
109,000
2,000
80,000
4,000
118,000
24,000
66,000
22,000
Computer and information sciences
139,000
4,000
104,000
3,000
70,000
4,500
152,000
5,500
131,000
16,000
145,000
8,500
60,000
3,500
112,000
28,500
150,000
5,500
Mathematics and statistics
108,000
3,500
90,000
1,500
67,000
4,500
149,000
3,000
142,000
7,000
131,000
7,000
116,000
16,500
79,000
31,000
148,000
33,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
114,000
2,500
86,000
2,500
69,000
2,000
135,000
2,500
120,000
5,500
125,000
4,000
86,000
4,000
109,000
7,000
120,000
5,500
Astronomy and astrophysics
104,000
6,000
87,000
3,000
69,000
5,500
142,000
8,500
118,000
15,000
147,000
16,000
D
D
D
D
104,000
30,000
Chemistry, except biochemistry
110,000
2,000
79,000
1,500
69,000
2,000
130,000
2,500
119,000
7,000
123,000
4,500
87,000
5,000
111,000
7,000
109,000
21,500
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
102,000
3,000
90,000
1,500
68,000
4,500
144,000
5,500
104,000
3,500
120,000
2,500
84,000
5,500
S
S
110,000
12,000
Physics
121,000
2,500
95,000
3,500
63,000
7,500
141,000
4,000
130,000
7,500
129,000
2,500
S
S
108,000
33,000
148,000
6,500
Psychology
98,000
1,500
87,000
1,500
81,000
3,500
116,000
4,000
96,000
4,000
109,000
1,500
100,000
3,000
100,000
2,000
98,000
6,500
Social sciences
99,000
1,500
90,000
500
72,000
4,000
143,000
4,000
120,000
5,000
130,000
3,500
80,000
3,000
96,000
5,500
148,000
19,000
Economics
135,000
5,000
114,000
4,500
72,000
4,500
167,000
9,000
152,000
5,500
146,000
6,000
86,000
8,000
S
S
174,000
31,000
Political science and government
95,000
2,000
89,000
1,500
74,000
8,500
120,000
9,000
129,000
13,500
122,000
8,000
79,000
3,000
S
S
120,000
25,500
Sociology, demography, and population studies
87,000
3,000
82,000
2,000
67,000
4,500
121,000
9,500
100,000
11,000
120,000
2,500
91,000
13,500
87,000
29,000
126,000
32,000
Other social sciences
85,000
1,000
80,000
1,000
73,000
8,500
116,000
6,000
90,000
6,500
119,000
4,500
75,000
8,000
78,000
10,000
91,000
13,500
Engineering
129,000
1,500
100,000
500
60,000
7,000
140,000
500
130,000
3,000
129,000
1,500
98,000
3,500
98,000
14,000
129,000
5,500
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
