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Table 55. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad field of doctorate, and sex: 2017

(Dollars)

Employment sector and field of study All full-time employed Male Female
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 110,000 500 120,000 500 95,000 500
Science 104,000 1,000 114,000 1,500 92,000 1,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 100,000 500 109,000 500 92,000 2,000
Computer and information sciences 139,000 4,000 140,000 3,500 119,000 7,000
Mathematics and statistics 108,000 3,500 110,000 1,500 100,000 4,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 114,000 2,500 120,000 1,000 98,000 2,000
Psychology 98,000 1,500 108,000 2,000 90,000 500
Social sciences 99,000 1,500 105,000 3,000 90,000 1,000
Engineering 129,000 1,500 130,000 500 112,000 2,000
Health 104,000 1,500 115,000 3,500 99,000 1,000
4-year educational institutiona 90,000 500 95,000 1,500 81,000 1,500
Science 88,000 1,000 94,000 1,500 80,000 1,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 84,000 1,500 92,000 2,000 72,000 1,500
Computer and information sciences 104,000 3,000 108,000 4,000 90,000 2,000
Mathematics and statistics 90,000 1,500 92,000 2,500 79,000 2,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86,000 2,500 90,000 1,500 75,000 1,500
Psychology 87,000 1,500 98,000 4,000 82,000 1,500
Social sciences 90,000 500 95,000 1,500 83,000 2,000
Engineering 100,000 500 100,000 2,500 93,000 2,500
Health 91,000 2,000 95,000 3,000 90,000 1,000
Other educational institutionb 71,000 1,000 74,000 3,000 70,000 1,000
Science 71,000 1,000 75,000 2,500 70,000 500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 69,000 1,000 77,000 8,000 65,000 3,500
Computer and information sciences 70,000 4,500 65,000 7,000 70,000 5,000
Mathematics and statistics 67,000 4,500 71,000 4,000 50,000 8,500
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 69,000 2,000 70,000 1,000 62,000 3,000
Psychology 81,000 3,500 89,000 6,000 80,000 1,000
Social sciences 72,000 4,000 78,000 10,000 70,000 1,500
Engineering 60,000 7,000 64,000 7,000 57,000 13,000
Health 84,000 5,000 S S 82,000 10,000
Private, for profitc 137,000 2,000 141,000 2,000 120,000 1,500
Science 135,000 1,000 140,000 3,000 120,000 500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 130,000 1,000 138,000 4,000 123,000 3,000
Computer and information sciences 152,000 5,500 156,000 5,000 144,000 8,500
Mathematics and statistics 149,000 3,000 149,000 4,000 148,000 11,500
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 135,000 2,500 140,000 500 123,000 3,500
Psychology 116,000 4,000 125,000 4,500 100,000 2,000
Social sciences 143,000 4,000 150,000 11,000 120,000 4,000
Engineering 140,000 500 142,000 2,500 121,000 5,000
Health 140,000 8,000 140,000 7,500 136,000 17,000
Private, nonprofit 114,000 2,000 129,000 2,500 100,000 500
Science 109,000 500 125,000 4,500 95,000 1,500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 105,000 4,000 120,000 6,500 91,000 2,500
Computer and information sciences 131,000 16,000 139,000 20,000 119,000 15,500
Mathematics and statistics 142,000 7,000 145,000 11,000 123,000 14,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 120,000 5,500 129,000 4,500 107,000 6,500
Psychology 96,000 4,000 109,000 6,500 89,000 3,500
Social sciences 120,000 5,000 138,000 11,000 103,000 5,500
Engineering 130,000 3,000 133,000 4,000 110,000 6,500
Health 134,000 8,000 141,000 17,500 129,000 11,500
Federal government 120,000 500 125,000 2,000 110,000 1,500
Science 118,000 2,000 122,000 2,500 110,000 1,500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 110,000 3,000 115,000 1,000 104,000 4,000
Computer and information sciences 145,000 8,500 142,000 10,000 156,000 15,500
Mathematics and statistics 131,000 7,000 134,000 21,000 108,000 19,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 125,000 4,000 130,000 1,000 112,000 6,500
Psychology 109,000 1,500 111,000 2,500 105,000 3,000
Social sciences 130,000 3,500 139,000 4,000 124,000 3,500
Engineering 129,000 1,500 132,000 3,000 112,000 3,500
Health 119,000 4,500 115,000 6,000 120,000 5,500
State or local government 90,000 1,000 90,000 3,500 90,000 2,000
Science 86,000 3,000 87,000 3,500 85,000 3,500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 79,000 2,500 80,000 3,000 77,000 4,500
Computer and information sciences 60,000 3,500 S S D D
Mathematics and statistics 116,000 16,500 D D D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86,000 4,000 89,000 5,000 75,000 3,500
Psychology 100,000 3,000 102,000 2,500 95,000 3,000
Social sciences 80,000 3,000 80,000 2,500 79,000 5,500
Engineering 98,000 3,500 100,000 4,000 92,000 9,000
Health 108,000 7,500 99,000 8,500 110,000 8,000
Self-employedd 99,000 500 110,000 8,500 94,000 6,000
Science 100,000 2,000 110,000 8,000 97,000 4,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 99,000 9,500 93,000 16,500 99,000 15,000
Computer and information sciences 112,000 28,500 112,000 39,500 D D
Mathematics and statistics 79,000 31,000 79,000 31,000 D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 109,000 7,000 114,000 8,500 92,000 42,000
Psychology 100,000 2,000 118,000 12,500 98,000 1,500
Social sciences 96,000 5,500 112,000 23,000 72,000 8,000
Engineering 98,000 14,000 100,000 21,500 65,000 22,000
Health S S 143,000 46,000 50,000 7,000
Other sectore 124,000 4,500 136,000 9,000 110,000 8,000
Science 124,000 4,500 137,000 11,000 112,000 10,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 89,000 8,000 106,000 14,500 69,000 18,000
Computer and information sciences 150,000 5,500 D D D D
Mathematics and statistics 148,000 33,000 D D D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 120,000 5,500 127,000 13,000 89,000 6,500
Psychology 98,000 6,500 D D 102,000 8,500
Social sciences 148,000 19,000 173,000 33,000 128,000 7,500
Engineering 129,000 5,500 137,000 12,500 110,000 11,000
Health 96,000 6,500 D D 93,000 7,000
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
b Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
c Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
d Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
e Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.