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Table 56. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers, by sector of employment, broad field of doctorate, ethnicity, and race: 2017

(Dollars)

Employment sector and field of study All full-time employed Hispanic or Latinoa Not Hispanic or Latinob
American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American White Other racec
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All sectors 110,000 500 100,000 1,500 92,000 5,500 118,000 2,000 95,000 1,500 110,000 500 100,000 2,000
Science 104,000 1,000 95,000 2,000 85,000 6,500 107,000 2,500 90,000 1,000 105,000 500 95,000 4,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 100,000 500 95,000 2,500 94,000 6,500 100,000 500 95,000 5,000 103,000 1,500 90,000 6,000
Computer and information sciences 139,000 4,000 128,000 10,500 D D 144,000 6,000 98,000 13,500 135,000 5,500 156,000 10,000
Mathematics and statistics 108,000 3,500 96,000 14,000 D D 120,000 5,000 90,000 8,500 102,000 3,000 100,000 10,500
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 114,000 2,500 100,000 3,500 140,000 41,500 110,000 3,000 92,000 5,500 115,000 500 103,000 3,500
Psychology 98,000 1,500 88,000 3,500 75,000 6,500 84,000 3,000 85,000 3,500 100,000 500 92,000 9,000
Social sciences 99,000 1,500 93,000 2,500 74,000 7,000 100,000 2,000 90,000 1,500 100,000 500 90,000 4,500
Engineering 129,000 1,500 119,000 4,000 126,000 17,500 126,000 2,500 114,000 4,500 130,000 1,000 129,000 5,500
Health 104,000 1,500 94,000 6,000 92,000 20,000 110,000 5,000 96,000 2,000 105,000 2,500 100,000 9,500
4-year educational institutiond 90,000 500 82,000 1,500 87,000 8,000 84,000 1,500 86,000 2,000 91,000 1,000 85,000 2,000
Science 88,000 1,000 80,000 1,000 85,000 4,000 80,000 1,000 83,000 2,500 90,000 500 84,000 3,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 84,000 1,500 78,000 4,000 94,000 9,500 73,000 3,000 78,000 3,000 87,000 1,500 71,000 5,500
Computer and information sciences 104,000 3,000 83,000 12,000 D D 95,000 4,000 83,000 10,000 109,000 5,500 138,000 29,500
Mathematics and statistics 90,000 1,500 77,000 3,500 D D 90,000 3,500 84,000 11,000 90,000 1,500 91,000 16,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86,000 2,500 77,000 4,500 D D 75,000 1,500 74,000 5,500 90,000 1,000 84,000 4,500
Psychology 87,000 1,500 80,000 3,500 75,000 9,500 77,000 2,500 85,000 4,500 90,000 1,000 88,000 4,500
Social sciences 90,000 500 84,000 2,500 76,000 12,000 84,000 3,000 87,000 3,500 90,000 1,500 85,000 4,000
Engineering 100,000 500 94,000 3,000 D D 95,000 2,500 104,000 2,500 103,000 2,500 109,000 16,000
Health 91,000 2,000 85,000 10,000 D D 85,000 5,500 89,000 3,000 94,000 2,000 75,000 9,500
Other educational institutione 71,000 1,000 80,000 4,000 57,000 10,000 65,000 6,000 73,000 4,000 72,000 1,500 67,000 14,000
Science 71,000 1,000 80,000 3,500 57,000 10,000 69,000 3,000 72,000 4,500 71,000 1,000 68,000 13,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 69,000 1,000 74,000 3,000 D D 58,000 9,000 56,000 7,000 70,000 1,000 68,000 7,000
Computer and information sciences 70,000 4,500 * * D D S S * * 69,000 4,000 D D
Mathematics and statistics 67,000 4,500 D D D D 47,000 9,000 S S 70,000 4,000 D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 69,000 2,000 74,000 4,000 D D 62,000 5,500 63,000 7,500 69,000 2,000 D D
Psychology 81,000 3,500 89,000 6,000 S S 75,000 1,500 81,000 6,500 81,000 4,000 S S
Social sciences 72,000 4,000 80,000 12,500 D D 85,000 22,500 82,000 15,000 71,000 3,000 D D
Engineering 60,000 7,000 D D D D 40,000 18,500 62,000 11,000 64,000 5,500 D D
Health 84,000 5,000 D D D D D D 83,000 6,000 90,000 9,000 D D
Private, for profitf 137,000 2,000 130,000 2,000 119,000 22,000 135,000 1,000 125,000 5,500 140,000 500 130,000 5,500
Science 135,000 1,000 125,000 4,500 101,000 27,500 136,000 3,500 115,000 6,500 136,000 2,500 129,000 5,500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 130,000 1,000 125,000 4,500 D D 127,000 3,500 121,000 5,000 135,000 2,500 129,000 21,000
Computer and information sciences 152,000 5,500 150,000 8,500 D D 158,000 4,500 119,000 45,000 150,000 2,000 162,000 31,500
Mathematics and statistics 149,000 3,000 163,000 10,500 D D 146,000 4,500 156,000 56,500 149,000 4,500 119,000 9,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 135,000 2,500 124,000 3,000 161,000 48,500 129,000 1,500 118,000 14,000 140,000 1,000 124,000 10,500
Psychology 116,000 4,000 89,000 17,500 D D 136,000 18,500 83,000 12,000 116,000 4,000 119,000 12,000
Social sciences 143,000 4,000 140,000 12,000 D D 144,000 3,000 105,000 13,000 143,000 7,500 124,000 23,500
Engineering 140,000 500 140,000 7,500 141,000 16,000 133,000 2,500 130,000 4,000 145,000 3,000 133,000 8,000
Health 140,000 8,000 129,000 7,000 D D 144,000 8,000 145,000 17,000 128,000 9,000 169,000 25,500
Private, nonprofit 114,000 2,000 95,000 6,500 82,000 3,500 99,000 3,000 103,000 7,000 120,000 3,000 105,000 7,000
Science 109,000 500 93,000 7,500 D D 90,000 6,000 108,000 13,500 115,000 4,000 105,000 10,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 105,000 4,000 95,000 22,000 D D 79,000 7,500 118,000 13,500 116,000 7,500 90,000 14,000
Computer and information sciences 131,000 16,000 D D D D 105,000 17,500 D D 149,000 19,500 D D
Mathematics and statistics 142,000 7,000 D D D D 135,000 38,500 S S 157,000 7,500 D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 120,000 5,500 100,000 24,000 D D 89,000 15,500 137,000 45,000 130,000 2,500 106,000 37,500
Psychology 96,000 4,000 88,000 6,000 D D 89,000 7,500 82,000 31,500 98,000 3,500 120,000 17,000
Social sciences 120,000 5,000 102,000 12,500 D D 110,000 32,000 103,000 15,000 123,000 3,500 105,000 26,000
Engineering 130,000 3,000 101,000 10,000 D D 119,000 1,500 S S 146,000 9,000 D D
Health 134,000 8,000 59,000 1,000 D D 118,000 7,500 99,000 7,500 140,000 8,000 * *
Federal government 120,000 500 110,000 2,500 110,000 12,000 119,000 3,000 104,000 2,500 121,000 2,000 112,000 9,500
Science 118,000 2,000 109,000 2,500 105,000 9,000 112,000 5,500 104,000 2,500 120,000 500 110,000 3,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 110,000 3,000 107,000 4,000 D D 107,000 7,500 102,000 5,500 114,000 2,000 95,000 4,000
Computer and information sciences 145,000 8,500 D D D D 131,000 29,500 * * 145,000 9,500 D D
Mathematics and statistics 131,000 7,000 D D D D 73,000 29,500 S S 141,000 17,000 D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 125,000 4,000 109,000 11,000 D D 119,000 9,000 103,000 10,000 130,000 2,500 127,000 10,500
Psychology 109,000 1,500 101,000 2,500 S S 90,000 9,500 91,000 5,500 109,000 1,000 111,000 2,500
Social sciences 130,000 3,500 119,000 17,500 D D 135,000 11,500 116,000 17,000 130,000 4,500 S S
Engineering 129,000 1,500 124,000 12,500 D D 128,000 7,000 106,000 7,000 130,000 1,500 133,000 7,500
Health 119,000 4,500 98,000 17,500 D D 121,000 9,500 96,000 12,500 119,000 4,000 D D
State or local government 90,000 1,000 93,000 4,500 D D 80,000 4,000 84,000 4,000 93,000 3,000 75,000 17,000
Science 86,000 3,000 93,000 2,500 D D 77,000 4,000 84,000 3,000 90,000 1,500 74,000 7,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 79,000 2,500 80,000 13,000 D D 73,000 2,500 84,000 20,000 82,000 5,500 71,000 27,000
Computer and information sciences 60,000 3,500 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Mathematics and statistics 116,000 16,500 D D D D D D D D S S D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86,000 4,000 86,000 10,500 D D 78,000 11,000 84,000 13,000 87,000 2,500 * *
Psychology 100,000 3,000 98,000 4,500 D D 96,000 15,000 79,000 3,500 101,000 3,000 S S
Social sciences 80,000 3,000 99,000 10,500 D D 71,000 15,000 95,000 8,500 80,000 1,500 * *
Engineering 98,000 3,500 70,000 17,500 D D 87,000 8,000 93,000 8,500 105,000 2,500 D D
Health 108,000 7,500 D D D D S S 91,000 14,000 105,000 6,500 D D
Self-employedg 99,000 500 72,000 17,000 S S 109,000 9,500 91,000 28,500 100,000 3,000 56,000 16,500
Science 100,000 2,000 69,000 8,000 S S 113,000 6,000 93,000 22,000 100,000 3,000 59,000 19,000
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 99,000 9,500 36,000 12,500 D D 153,000 54,000 70,000 21,500 99,000 11,500 S S
Computer and information sciences 112,000 28,500 D D D D D D D D 144,000 57,500 D D
Mathematics and statistics 79,000 31,000 D D D D D D D D 75,000 27,500 D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 109,000 7,000 D D D D 116,000 8,000 D D 79,000 11,500 D D
Psychology 100,000 2,000 71,000 18,500 D D D D 99,000 18,500 100,000 9,000 S S
Social sciences 96,000 5,500 D D D D 84,000 16,000 S S 97,000 6,000 D D
Engineering 98,000 14,000 D D D D 73,000 22,000 D D 111,000 19,000 D D
Health S S D D D D S S D D S S D D
Other sectorh 124,000 4,500 136,000 8,500 S S 120,000 3,500 113,000 10,000 125,000 5,500 89,000 6,500
Science 124,000 4,500 148,000 17,000 S S 119,000 3,000 112,000 25,000 124,000 4,000 D D
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 89,000 8,000 165,000 14,000 D D 57,000 3,500 100,000 26,500 99,000 18,000 D D
Computer and information sciences 150,000 5,500 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Mathematics and statistics 148,000 33,000 D D D D D D D D D D D D
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 120,000 5,500 D D D D 105,000 14,000 S S 146,000 20,500 D D
Psychology 98,000 6,500 D D D D D D D D 98,000 13,500 D D
Social sciences 148,000 19,000 149,000 16,000 D D 201,000 58,500 214,000 40,000 126,000 7,000 D D
Engineering 129,000 5,500 D D D D 125,000 11,500 D D 152,000 1,500 D D
Health 96,000 6,500 D D D D S S D D S S D D
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
a Hispanic or Latino may be of any race
b American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, black or African American, and white are single race.
c Other race includes Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander and persons reporting more than one race who are not of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
d Includes 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes.
e Includes 2-year colleges, community colleges, or technical institutes, and other precollege institutions.
f Includes those self-employed in an incorporated business.
g Self-employed or business owner in a nonincorporated business.
h Includes employers not broken out separately.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.