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Table 62. Median annual salaries of U.S. residing full-time employed doctoral scientists and engineers in 4-year educational institutions, by field of doctorate, sex, and tenure status: 2017

(Dollars)

Field of study and sex All full-time employed Tenured Not tenured Tenure not applicable
On tenure track Not on tenure track
Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE Median salary SE
All fields 90,000 500 106,000 1,500 80,000 500 77,000 2,000 66,000 2,000
Male 95,000 1,500 111,000 2,000 82,000 1,500 80,000 2,000 70,000 1,000
Female 81,000 1,500 97,000 1,500 77,000 2,000 72,000 2,500 62,000 1,500
Science 88,000 1,000 103,000 1,500 78,000 1,000 75,000 1,000 65,000 1,000
Male 94,000 1,500 110,000 500 80,000 1,000 80,000 1,500 70,000 1,500
Female 80,000 1,000 94,000 1,500 75,000 1,000 70,000 1,000 60,000 500
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences 84,000 1,500 113,000 3,000 85,000 2,500 73,000 2,500 57,000 1,500
Male 92,000 2,000 120,000 2,000 89,000 2,000 80,000 3,500 59,000 2,000
Female 72,000 1,500 100,000 2,500 82,000 2,500 66,000 2,500 55,000 1,500
Agricultural and food sciences 94,000 3,000 112,000 3,500 80,000 1,500 83,000 12,000 61,000 7,000
Male 100,000 1,000 117,000 5,500 79,000 2,000 86,000 12,000 75,000 9,500
Female 80,000 2,000 100,000 4,500 80,000 2,500 72,000 10,500 52,000 3,500
Biochemistry and biophysics 82,000 5,500 120,000 8,000 79,000 6,500 72,000 7,500 55,000 3,000
Male 88,000 7,000 120,000 12,500 76,000 7,000 75,000 11,000 55,000 3,000
Female 73,000 3,000 120,000 8,000 85,000 10,000 69,000 9,000 55,000 3,500
Cell, cellular biology, and molecular biology 82,000 3,500 129,000 6,500 89,000 3,000 66,000 4,500 57,000 3,500
Male 90,000 5,500 147,000 13,000 97,000 11,000 76,000 6,500 66,000 13,000
Female 69,000 2,000 107,000 12,000 80,000 6,500 59,000 6,500 55,000 1,500
Microbiological sciences and immunology 80,000 2,500 113,000 8,000 84,000 7,000 81,000 6,500 56,000 2,000
Male 94,000 7,000 144,000 16,500 81,000 9,500 100,000 11,000 57,000 5,500
Female 70,000 3,500 90,000 8,500 89,000 7,500 69,000 4,500 55,000 2,500
Natural resources and conservation 82,000 2,500 101,000 8,000 70,000 3,500 69,000 4,000 61,000 4,000
Male 90,000 3,500 110,000 9,000 72,000 8,500 72,000 6,000 68,000 9,000
Female 71,000 3,000 88,000 7,000 69,000 3,500 60,000 8,000 57,000 4,500
Zoology 89,000 2,500 100,000 3,000 76,000 11,500 65,000 6,500 50,000 16,000
Male 98,000 5,000 104,000 5,000 87,000 16,000 71,000 23,000 86,000 13,500
Female 70,000 3,500 88,000 6,500 70,000 4,500 62,000 5,000 46,000 1,500
Other biological sciences 82,000 2,000 110,000 2,500 90,000 1,500 75,000 2,000 58,000 1,500
Male 90,000 1,000 117,000 4,000 94,000 4,500 82,000 5,500 59,000 2,000
Female 74,000 2,000 101,000 3,000 85,000 2,000 66,000 5,000 56,000 2,000
Computer and information sciences 104,000 3,000 120,000 2,500 91,000 2,500 88,000 7,500 93,000 5,500
Male 108,000 4,000 120,000 6,500 95,000 3,000 88,000 10,000 94,000 4,500
Female 90,000 2,000 104,000 8,000 80,000 7,000 87,000 15,500 85,000 10,000
Mathematics and statistics 90,000 1,500 99,000 2,500 74,000 1,500 65,000 2,000 66,000 3,500
Male 92,000 2,500 100,000 1,000 74,000 3,000 66,000 3,000 63,000 2,500
Female 79,000 2,000 88,000 3,500 74,000 1,000 65,000 4,000 70,000 2,000
Physical sciences, geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 86,000 2,500 102,000 3,000 75,000 2,000 70,000 2,500 65,000 3,500
Male 90,000 1,500 106,000 2,500 79,000 4,500 74,000 4,500 71,000 4,000
Female 75,000 1,500 94,000 4,500 74,000 3,000 61,000 4,500 55,000 2,000
Astronomy and astrophysics 87,000 3,000 107,000 6,000 78,000 11,000 69,000 5,000 70,000 8,000
Male 90,000 3,500 109,000 9,500 70,000 11,000 68,000 7,000 82,000 13,500
Female 79,000 4,500 101,000 6,000 86,000 5,000 71,000 5,000 57,000 5,500
Chemistry, except biochemistry 79,000 1,500 98,000 2,500 67,000 3,500 66,000 6,500 54,000 3,000
Male 84,000 3,000 100,000 2,000 69,000 4,500 76,000 9,000 60,000 3,000
Female 68,000 2,500 87,000 5,000 64,000 5,000 53,000 5,000 52,000 1,500
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences 90,000 1,500 101,000 3,000 76,000 2,500 75,000 4,000 74,000 3,000
Male 92,000 2,000 102,000 4,000 77,000 3,500 82,000 3,500 80,000 4,500
Female 79,000 1,500 99,000 3,000 74,000 2,000 63,000 2,500 63,000 4,000
Physics 95,000 3,500 112,000 6,000 87,000 4,500 69,000 5,500 74,000 3,500
Male 98,000 3,500 116,000 5,500 89,000 4,000 68,000 6,000 74,000 4,000
Female 89,000 4,500 100,000 3,000 78,000 6,000 72,000 8,500 66,000 11,500
Psychology 87,000 1,500 99,000 2,000 70,000 1,500 86,000 3,500 80,000 2,000
Male 98,000 4,000 109,000 4,500 71,000 2,500 118,000 13,500 85,000 7,500
Female 82,000 1,500 89,000 1,000 70,000 1,500 81,000 1,500 78,000 2,000
Social sciences 90,000 500 100,000 500 71,000 2,000 75,000 3,000 76,000 2,500
Male 95,000 1,500 105,000 2,500 70,000 3,500 78,000 2,000 88,000 6,500
Female 83,000 2,000 92,000 2,000 72,000 2,000 69,000 3,000 69,000 3,500
Economics 114,000 4,500 123,000 5,000 103,000 7,000 86,000 13,000 95,000 7,500
Male 120,000 3,500 125,000 6,500 109,000 4,500 100,000 13,000 107,000 12,500
Female 100,000 4,500 118,000 5,000 90,000 8,000 81,000 7,000 83,000 6,500
Political science and government 89,000 1,500 99,000 4,500 68,000 2,000 81,000 5,000 95,000 2,500
Male 90,000 3,000 99,000 2,000 66,000 3,000 84,000 5,500 107,000 32,000
Female 87,000 3,500 90,000 5,000 78,000 7,500 75,000 20,500 81,000 14,500
Sociology, demography, and population studies 82,000 2,000 90,000 2,000 67,000 1,500 72,000 6,000 65,000 7,500
Male 90,000 3,500 102,000 6,000 66,000 2,500 73,000 18,500 104,000 34,500
Female 77,000 2,500 85,000 3,000 68,000 1,500 69,000 5,500 60,000 5,000
Other social sciences 80,000 1,000 94,000 2,500 69,000 1,000 65,000 3,500 65,000 2,000
Male 82,000 3,000 98,000 2,500 68,000 2,500 65,000 10,000 64,000 2,000
Female 80,000 1,500 90,000 1,500 70,000 1,000 65,000 4,000 68,000 3,500
Engineering 100,000 500 124,000 2,500 90,000 1,000 80,000 3,500 70,000 3,000
Male 100,000 2,500 125,000 2,000 90,000 1,500 80,000 5,500 71,000 5,500
Female 93,000 2,500 119,000 1,500 89,000 1,000 72,000 5,500 64,000 5,500
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering 101,000 8,500 114,000 10,000 94,000 9,500 D D 70,000 21,500
Male 104,000 7,000 114,000 10,500 93,000 10,500 D D 70,000 21,000
Female 79,000 15,000 D D D D D D D D
Chemical engineering 99,000 5,000 128,000 6,000 90,000 1,500 S S 56,000 6,500
Male 99,000 3,000 125,000 8,000 89,000 1,000 D D 59,000 6,500
Female 90,000 10,000 128,000 21,000 96,000 7,500 D D 50,000 4,500
Civil engineering 99,000 1,500 118,000 5,500 87,000 2,500 71,000 14,500 75,000 12,500
Male 100,000 3,000 119,000 6,000 88,000 3,000 69,000 17,000 81,000 14,500
Female 90,000 5,000 109,000 4,000 85,000 2,000 79,000 19,500 67,000 8,500
Electrical and computer engineering 106,000 5,000 125,000 4,500 89,000 3,500 88,000 6,000 85,000 8,500
Male 104,000 6,000 128,000 4,500 87,000 5,000 88,000 5,000 83,000 9,500
Female 109,000 9,500 118,000 5,000 90,000 3,500 D D 110,000 16,000
Mechanical engineering 100,000 2,000 111,000 5,500 94,000 3,500 73,000 5,000 74,000 7,000
Male 99,000 3,000 109,000 7,000 92,000 3,500 73,000 5,500 74,000 6,000
Female 100,000 4,000 116,000 26,000 100,000 1,500 D D 60,000 11,500
Metallurgical and materials engineering 93,000 4,500 127,000 6,000 81,000 9,000 68,000 17,000 65,000 6,500
Male 96,000 5,500 127,000 6,500 83,000 10,000 67,000 23,500 60,000 8,000
Female 85,000 4,500 122,000 10,500 76,000 12,000 D D 84,000 24,500
Other engineering 100,000 2,500 130,000 3,000 90,000 2,500 83,000 5,500 66,000 5,500
Male 104,000 6,000 134,000 5,000 92,000 3,500 86,000 7,500 69,000 6,000
Female 88,000 3,000 119,000 6,000 86,000 2,500 77,000 10,500 56,000 5,000
Health 91,000 2,000 105,000 4,500 78,000 2,500 87,000 3,500 84,000 5,500
Male 95,000 3,000 113,000 8,000 79,000 1,500 98,000 8,500 73,000 14,500
Female 90,000 1,000 103,000 5,000 77,000 3,000 85,000 2,500 89,000 4,500
Codes used in data tables: * = suppressed when population estimate < 25. D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information. na = not applicable. S = suppressed for reliability; coefficient of variation exceeds publication standards.
SE = standard error.
NOTES: Median annual salaries are for principal job and are rounded to nearest $1,000. Standard errors are rounded up to the nearest $500. Four-year educational institutions include 4-year colleges or universities, medical schools (including university-affiliated hospitals or medical centers), and university-affiliated research institutes. Residence location is based on reported living location on 1 February 2017.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Doctorate Recipients: 2017.